2
HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.
Authorised Capital (69,100,007 Iword and Pully Paid-up. $20,609,96) Roserve Funde
Bellug.....£6,000,000
Silver
.14,600,000
Moterys Lichllity of Proprietors ...... $20,000,000
HEAD OFFICE: TIONG KOND.
BOÀIÐ OF RECTORS:—
K. S. Brown, Kay.
Chairman
W. K. Ball, Esq. Tuputy Chairman,
Hon. Mr. B. D. F. it,
a. I. Corepton, Exq,
M. T. Jenson, Eng.
B. Lander Jeyio, Raq,
AMOY
BANGKOK
HATAVIA
TRIMBAY
CALCUTTA
L
W. I. Patiendea, Exa. T. E. Poarce, Eriq-
J. A. Plummer, Esq.
J. P. Warran, Bag
Chu Manger.
Hon. Mr. A. O. 11.
DRANGURS :-
LONDON
LYONS
MALACCA MANILA
JOURDEN
SAGABAKI
TEKING
PENANG
HANGOON
CANTON
CHEFOO
NEW YORK
COLOMBO
DAIREN POUCHOW
HAIPHONG
PASHBRO
HANKOW HARBIN
BOXEREW
CLOI
NOB
JOAVIE
SORM
KOWLOOM
KUALA LUMPUR
SAIGON
SAN PRANCHIO)
SILANGIAT
SINGAPORE
SOGRAUAYA
SUNGEI PATANI
TIENTSIN
POR YO
TSINGTAO
YOKOHAMA
Current Acousty red in Local Currency knd Fired
kult rope/ved for one you or
For Curramay and Starling
a term which will be quoted on application. Hong Kong, 24th May, 1926.
HONG KONG SAVINGS BANK.
Tut of the above lank induct by the BONG KONG AND SHANDAL BANKING CORPORATION, Hal may 20
okeyined on application.
FOR TIS MONG KONG & SHANDA: BANKING CORPORATION,
A CHINES.
Chiel Manager.
Hong Kong. While September, 1997,
NEDERLANDSCHE HANDEL - MAATSCHAPPIJ, N.V.
(NLUBEMLANDS TRADING BUGIETYS
BAKERES.
stud 15%
ag Kung Ullies:- Queen's and Central.
Nationsd kajibu am, Griakátra 100,000,000
Dad Sa Carpets
Jurid
(412,500,00 Guilla 20,000), ARMO- (26.309_0023 Staldere 4, (MK), KNALL
Hent filen. --AMSTERDAMI..
Haulers Head Online:--GATAVIA,
Bub Cienti, Charian, szjander, Djuki pukarka') The fraguej, crudul, have, Kay, Mukasar, Metati, Fudang Paterbang Fekarungan Penang, Poncianak ang lutterduen ́s $100.0
Suprang), bunghat, (sutra) Singapore, noprakarta (Solo), Tegal,
and Woletreden.")
ime ofices have unto deposit boxea to lot, London Kankera:--Nutils: “Provincia: Bank Leď.
J'arrespondere all over low world
Mankang items of every
dooriumi tranenstad.
1. M. ELBERG
In 2721 May, 342J.
Malagur.
BANQUE DE L'INDO - CHINE.
HEAD OFFICE:
96, Boulevard Haussman, Paris.
Subscribed Capital Prs. 72,000,000.00 Paid-Up Capital Frs, 68,400,000,00 Reserve Funds Frs-102,000,000.00
BRANCHES:
Bangkok Hong Kong Quinhon Battambang Hee
Saigon
hệ NG Mengtae Shanghai
Caulon
Djibouti
Fort-Bayard
Nam-linh
Nourer
Singapore Thunbea
Papecte Tientsin
Haiphong Peking
Touranc
Hankow Pnom Penh Vinh
Hanoi
Pondicherry Yunnanfu BANKERS:
THE CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA, AUSTRALIA & CHINA.
Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1858. HEAD OFFICE: LONDON.
Agencies and Branches:
KUALA LUMYUK
Paid-up Capital
£3,000,000
Reserve Fund..
-£4,000,000
Reserve Liability of Proprie
⚫tors
£3,000,000
ALON STAN
(Malay Stutes)
AMRTISAN
BANGKOK
JAVAVIA
TROMBAY
NEW YORK
PERINO
CALCUTTA CANTON GAWAPONE CENU
COLORO DAIREN Dany
Souto Markupi DICENTI
HAIPHONG
JANUA
TEANROW
HARDIN
· (34. Manchur’a)
HÒNG KINH
ILOILO
INDE
NANACHEL
BEAND
Ковк
KUCHING
MADRAS
MANILA
MEDAN
TEXANO
PESHAWAR TANGOON
SAIGON
SEJAHANG
SEREBRAN
SHANGUAL
SINGAPORE
SOGRAMAYA
TAMPING
(V.M S.)
TAVOX
TIENTSUR
TOKYO
TOYOKAH (Dhuket) THING AD YOKOHAMA ZAMEDANUA
Philippine Islands)
KUALA KANGSAR Perns (T...) Foreign Exchange and General Banking business transacted.
Current Accounts opened and Fix- ed Deposits received for 1 year or which will shorter periods at rates be quoted on application.
A. H. FERGUSON,
Manager Hong Kong, 8th January, 1925.
THE HO HONG BANK, LTD. (Established 1917.)
CAPITAL,
Authorised
THE CHINA
SHARE MARKET
DEMAND FOR FAVOURITE COUNTERS
PUBLIC UTILITIES FAVOURED
COMMERCE
Messra. Benjamin & Potts state in Dir weekly share market report:--
The local market on the whole has been rather quiet during the past week and although there has been a continuance of the demand for some at the favourite counters, only a moderate amount of business has been transacted.. Attention is still mininly centred in Public Utilities been the medium of a which have
air turnov!R.
According to latest cabled advice from Shanghai the market is firm with an improving tendency.
Banks-Hong Kong and Shanghai Bunks have remained steady at $1,230 at which figure sales were made. The London price has advanced to |$126 (Middle).
Marine and Fire Insurances-Unions were put through at $890 and co- tinue In request. Cantons can prob- ably be placed at $630. Hong Kong Fires seel: buyers at $760.
Shipping.
g-Hong Kong, Canton and Macao Stearaboats are enquired for .320,000,000 at $25. Indo-Chinas "Preferred" at Isaved
8,000,000 $46. the "Deferred" shares at $70, Paid-up
4,000,000 and Waterboats at $22 are on offer Reserve Liabilities of
at quotations. There has been a fur. Shareholders
4,000,000 ther improvement in the price of Surplus
2,219,000 Shell Transports to 100/- Douglas HEAD OFFICES: SINGAPORE. Steamships at $271 continue negler.
Branches, Agencies and Correspon-ed. dents in the principal cities of the world.
Every description of Banking and Exchange business transacted,
TAN ENG HOOI,
Manager. Hong Kong, 15th May, 1929,
THE BANK OF TAIWAN, LTD.
(TAIWAN GINKO)
HEAD OFFICE:-Taipeh, Formosa. Incorporated by Special imperial
Charter, 1899,
Docks, Wharves and Godowns. Hong Kong and Kowloon Wharves: are wanted at $129. Whampoa Docks have stiffened and are sateable at $32 China Previdents have buyers at $4.35. Shanghai Docks are high- er at Tha. 142 and mark an advance on the week. New Engineerings are a bit easier with sales reported Tla. 7.30.
Lands, Hotels and Building-Hong Kong Lands were realised again at 860%. Hong Kong and Shanghai Hotels further strengthened and were negotiated al $8.65. Humphreys Estates are asked for at $14.10. Realtys continan in demand at $8.
Public Utilities-Hong Kong Ele
placed to
to a fair extent at kres were $591/$60, the market closing steady. China Lights (old) have had a smart They were dealt in early recovery, the
week at $12.70 but finished up CILINA 1954 magban, flanku, Amoy, Forebow, with buyers t $13.10. The
ทราบ shares are wanted at $12. A fair quantity of Hong Kong Trains wer taken off the market at $18.20 at the outsat, but the market has Rine? strengthened to $13.3/5. Star Ferrie can be placed at 806,
centrai duak 12 Lotmang. Bank-Notes in Average summi --Yan, 15,000,000 »HAKUDIES AND AGENCIES: JAPANI Lukya Jokelatum, Kubo, Draka. +UHAUSA-ÜROS, Jaga Barouku, Kuplung
Maksuga Masio, sáchlke, Tauchu, Taize10.
Tu, leo, auto.
Saator, Cunto. OTHES-Hong
Kong, "Singapcie, Katawang, The
Սոնաց, Lundon, New York, allez
LONDON BAŠEKRS
Sourabay
Calcula
Al Farison County Womerates and Porr's Bank
Thy Bank kon Verivapaudents in all tho, prév pcipu Couraerial Centres throughout the world.
A. NAUUKA,
IN FRANCE: Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris; Credit Lyonnais; Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas Credit Industriel et Commercial; So- ciete Generale,
IN LONDON: The National Pro- vincial & Union Bank of England,
HONG RUNO BRANCH
d. Dus voeux Bond Central. Hong Kong, lith Jennicy, 1020,
Manager.
THE BANK OF CANTON, LTD. t $95 and continue
Established 1912.
Head Ofice:-Heng Kong.
Authorised (spital (M.K. Camercy! ... 11.004,900 Pui Lp Capua BAK Reserve Fudgemen
BRANCHES
$50,000
Caulon, Shanghai, Hankow, Szałów, bangkok, New York pad San Franciano.
JONDON BANKERS :—
The Layda inn Limited. Correspondust in all privipal oilise of luc World.
Forely exchange wod backing buslces of
description
phill Hopes (
siram) at a ready Portal of Trom $5 to $40
LOOK POONG SHAN,
Chief Manager. Hong Kong, 19th February, 1027.
THE BANK OF CHINA.
行銀國中
(Specially Authorised by Presidential
Mandate of the Republic of China on the 22nd of November, 1917.)
Ltd; Comptoir National d'Escompte Authorised Capital de Paris; Credit Lyonnais.
IN NEW YORK: J. P. Morgan & Co.; French American Banking Cor- poration; Guaranty Trust Co. of New
York.
Interest allowed on Current Ac- counts and Fixed Deposits according to arrangements.
Every description of Banking and Exchange Business transacted. Safe Deposit Boxes to let
A. LECOT,
Manager.
Hong Kong, let May, 1929.
THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK,
LIMITED.
Established 1880.
Capital (fully paid-up) Yen 100,000,000 Reserve fund
Yen 105,500,000
Head Office:-YOKOHAMA
Branches and Agencies at:
Newchwang
Alexandria
Batavia
Bombay
Buenos Ayres
Calcutta
Canton
Changchun
Hamburg Hankow
Horbin
New York
Osaka Peking
Rangoon Saigon
Rio de Janeiro
(Dalny)
Mukden) Seattle
Semarang Shanghai Shimonoscki Singapore Soerabays Tientsin
San Francisco
Hong Kong
Hong Honolulu Karachi Kobe London
Kai Yuen
Los Angeles
Manila
Nagasaki. Nagoya
Sydney
Tokyo Tsinanfu
Tsingtau
Paid-up Capital Reserve Fund
. $60,000,000.00 18,278,000,00 0,629,125.24
HEAD OFFICE: PEKING.
HONG KONG BRANCH: 4, Queen's Road Central. Brunches and Sub-branches all over China and Correspondents in Europe, America and other parts of the world.
London Bankers: The National
Provincial and Unior. Bank of Eng- land, Ltd.
The Garenty Trust Company of New York.
New York National Bank.
Bankers: The Irving
The Equitable Trust Company of New York
Interest allowed on Current Ac- counts and Fixed Deposita. Terms on application.
ness transacted.
Every description of Banking Busi
Loans granted on approved secur. ities.
Special facilities for Home Ex- change.
SHOU J. CHEN,
Manager.
THE MERCANTILE BANK OF
INDIA, LTD.
HEAD OFFISE.
15, Gaschurch Birret, London, E. 0.
Authorised Capital
Subscribed Capital
Paid-up Capital
..£3,000,000
1,800,000
1,050,000
Reserve Fund and Rest: 1,612,047
BANKERS
The Bent of England & Midland Bank, Ltd."
Buigrok
Batavia Upah
Bombay
BRANCHLS:
Howals
Endy..
Calcutta
Kazaobi
Vladivostok
Collombo
Kota Bhar
(Temporarily closed)
Delhi Galle Hong Kong Madıma
Kuala Lumpur
Interest allowed on Current Ac- counts.
Deposits received for fixed periods at rates to be obtained on application.
H. MORI,
Manager. ong Kong, 11th March, 1929.
New York Pecang Fort Louds (Mauritius) Прадон Shaahar
Evantan (Palang) Bingapore Sourabaya
HONG KONG DRANCE. Every cition, of Bwing and Enchange Guiness tanncted:
INTEREST allowed in Currant tous and Fixed Deposits at Bates that may be montained
application.
GLO. ARDES:
7, Queen's Road Central
Hoog Kong 9th April, 1929
Manager.
AND
FINANCE.
MAIL,
CHINESE SPIRITS
SIDELIGHTS ON DISTILLERY PRACTICE
than with ball yeast. The large dis- tilleries all use this type of yeast
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1929.
control during the year it was found the rice tailings were added on ac- dount of the fact that the nitrogen-
H.K. FACTORIES
ous matter in the tailings were ea- THE EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG
GIRLS
NO CHANGE OF ATTITUDE
The report of the Inspector of
The
are
Types of Native Stills Two types of native stilla 470 used. The country type is very sential for the life of the yeast which home-made in appearance and ite converts the sugar of the molasses structure varies with each distillery into alcohol. Experiments were car- to a small extent. Essentially the ried out using ammonium sulphate as heating and boiling unit consists of the source of nitrogenous matter and shallow sheet iron pan holding about it was found possible to omit the rice 10 gallons set over a brick furnace tailings and ferment molasses with Factories for 1928 states that most fire. The pan is surmounted by a mother fermenting liquid and small brickwork collar on which the con- quantity of ammonium sulphate.of the factories in the Colony have densing unit is placed. This consists This method was adopted during the worked very much under their full an earthenware basin placed on year by two distilleries and the yield capacity for the greater part of the the ecliar. The bottom of the basin of alcohol per unit of molasses was year. This has resulted in a fur- is perforated 80 that alcohol and found to be excellent. This was an
ther decrease in the number of water vapour from the boiler may important change, as in the past all A FAYING INDUSTRY
rise into the basin. A shallow iron distilleries had been
toyoung children employed. compelled top of the basin make sufficient rice spirit to provide knitting factories in Kowloon, and pan is placed on Writing on Chinese Distillery Prac- and this is filled with water to form rice tailings for the fermentation of the cigarette factories in Itong tite in his official report, Mr. 3. D. the condensing surface. The spirit their molasses. The high cost of Lloyd, Superintendent of Imports and vapour rises from the boiler passes rice made rice tailings an expensive Kong formely employed large num- Exports, Hong Kong, states in an through the perforations and maid to fermentation unless good bers of young girls of 12-15 years appendix especially prepared to give pinges on the lower side of the cold market could be found for the rice of age. With trade in an almost some idea
in use of the methods.
water pan. There they are condens spirit produced."
stagnant condition no new learners now and in the past in local Chirrel and fall to the concave bottom of It was found that in the small were taken
cn and those children se spirit distilleries, that there has the earthen basin and run off country distilleries the usual prac been a tendency in the last year or through a small side tube to the retice Was to use three jars of for already employed have outgrown the so to introduce modern type stills ceiving jar through a tin
Should trade or zinc mented rice (the equivalent of 24 to age of registration. In the near future pipe. This type of still is very in-27 catties of dry ice) as a charge improve so and methods.
that extra hands to eficient and there is no doubt that, owing to
of for a still. From this one four gel-needed considerable loss of for higher rates of duty and inefficient spirit occare unless the water in the lot jar of 21 per cent.
it may be expected that to 2 per children wit again be engaged as or wasteful methods of working, the
rans changed very fre- cent. spirit was distilled. The dis-
Its use is being
The almost complete tilleries using this type of yeast learners. rapidly country districts plaes the same equivalent of dry absence from factories of children and it is only of interest on account rice in each jar but usually distil under 15 is but a temporary state of the fact that until recently it was une four gallon jar
of spirit from of affairs due to present conditions almost universal use in the New four Jars of fermented rice. This Territory. The fuel used was gen- spirit varies in strength from 28 and does not necessarily indicate a erally grass, brushwod of rice husks. per cent. to 32 per cent.
changed attitude on the part of The native type of pot still con- It
found Was
that the aver- employers. When trade improves Chinese spirit distilled locally was sists of a large iran pan capable of age alcoholic
strength of molasses originally distided from fermented holding 12 to 16 gallons which is mash after fermentation was 6% children will again be employed in Rice. In recent years however, owing set over a furnace in brickwork. A per cent. In sontz cases.
how large numbers. The total num- to the increase in the price of Rice brickwork cellar is build round it and ever,"
TAS as high as ber of children now working in a cheap substitute was found in on the collar a thick washer or gruni-
8
The usual charge per cent.
for factories is 100. These are em- Molasses which is a bye product of mett of hemp is placed. The condens each still was four wooden buckets ployed in knitting factories. No the cane sugar industry. In the er is moveable and when in use is containing. about 35 eatties each. In small country distilleries of the New set on top of the grummett.
some cases three large buckets were European firms in the Colony em- Territory red rice is still used, but The condenser is made of sheet used. The first charge distilled each ploy children under the age of 15 most of the larger establishmenta zinc and it is cylindrical and has the working day was found to take a much
years. use imported broken white rice or a appearance of a large dust bin. Alonger period to complete an account blend of broken white and red rice, dome is inserted inside this cylinder of the fact that heat was absorbed by
Dangerous Trades Both liquid and hard varieties are which is open at the bottom and the the cold furnace and brieltwork but
A noteworthy feature extensively used. They are imported dome extends from a point a few once this first charge had been puttrade is the increasing number of from Java and to a small extent only inches above the bottom almost to through the following charges took 30 from Formosa. Molasses produced the top of the cylinder. The outside to 95 minutes to disti A too fierce Women and girls employed. They locally in the Taikoo Sugar Refinery surface of this dome is cooled by fire had to be avoided as the liquor in are rapidly displacing the men in is in strong demand when available means of cold water when the still the still was liable to froth up and everything but the actual glies account of the fact that Java is in action and, In efficiently run boil over and thus spoil the distillate. blowing. This may be the result of molasses has in recent years arrived distilleries, a constent stream of cold
Classes of Spirit
the restrictions placed on the em- in A contaminated condition
The names Liu Pua, Sheung Ching, the
for unsuitable and is carried out under
small type of native still will ease in the
to exist. During the last year it has been found that spirit similar to that distilled in the old type still can be distilled from modern stills with a very small margin of loss and that the spirit itself is quite palatable te the Chinese taste.
on
ភ
this
of this
(it is water is left circulating through and Sam Ching; whatever they may ployment of boys in glass factories.
have meant originally, at the present The
or
work îs
often packed in imperfectly cleaned space between the outside of the oil drums) and the quality, from the dome at the inside of the cyline time have refereace only to different: women point of view of spirit output, in When in action the spirit, vapour much inferior to the molasses import rises from the iron boiling pan and strengths of the same type of spirit, conditions which make glass making ed a few years ago. Two distinct strikes the cold inner surface of the whether produced from Rice
Both dome. There it condenses and runs Molasses.
unhealthy The addition of water re- exceedingly types of "yeast" are used.
and Lypes depend upon the well-known into a small lip which runs round duces or converts the highest strength dangerous trade.
amylo" process of fermentation. the inside of the cylinder near the spirit, Sam Ching into Sheung Ching There is only one factory in the The "Yeast" contains a mould and a base of the dome aid from this lip and similarly Sheung Ching into Liu Colony where fireworks are made.
Fun. Liu Pun is term which has
an
forment and its use avoids the use it passes through a small outkinto dropped out of use in Hong Kong dis. Children are not employed, most of of malt for the conversion of Starch a short pipe and an to the receive tilleries on account of the fact that the workers being women.
to Sugar. The processes of sacchari- This type of
is fairly
The efficient fication and fermentation go on providing running cold water is left the minimum rate of duty is charged factory is modern and the work is side by side and the
eirculating over
the cooling surface on spirit the alcoholic strength
of carried on under fairly safe condi- con which is 25 per cent. and under.
BLK
an
new
cess
of expensive "malting"
is avoided.
use
Under these conwhi pro of the condenser,
yeast in use are ball and cake, yeast occurs in amall white about the size of golf ball. The mented material. These two mould and
Miscellanous. Green Island Cements (combined) ended up with a firmer undertone with buyers at $9. Transactions were reported in Hong Kong Ropes at 96.55. Watsons have takers at $11.30. Raubs were done in request. Langkals (combined) were realised at Ts. 14. Hong Kong Amusements changed hands af. $25. There are sellers of Hong Kong Government Loan at
per cent, premium. Telephones were bid up to $7.
Cotton Mill-Ewos continue their upward movement and sales to a fair extent were reparted up to Tls. 18% at which rate there are further buy- ers. Shanghai Cottone (old) are in demand at Ts. 1, while the new shares at Tis. 61 mark a further rise.
Exchange-The T.T. rate on Lon-
haj 89%.
don coulay is 1/11% and on Shang-
ber 24, October 9, and November 20, 1929.
As
tions, although from the nature of
The two types of ditions the amount of spirit obtained a result all distillers aim to produce the industry there is always a con-
within Ball should be
of spirit for purposes per cent.
昨 balls that known to be present in the fer containing exactly
alcohol if aver types con
of paying duty 25 per cent. of siderable danger
of explosions. that strength it is Another factory has recently been
Sold
1
yeast are mixed with of still not adapt themselves usually broken dow to £5 per established on the beach at China elay and made into the small readily to any system of Revenue cent before duty is paid. Lio
therefore casily crushed balls. This yeast will Control. The condenser must be de Pun
in the Kennedy Town and although termed completely ferment rise in from five tached from the still each time the Chinese
Spirit Shops is this a cracker factory is not actually which has been auch since no filling with powder or still is charged (filled up) and it is 25 per cent, spirit therefore impossible to have
broken down. any
Occasionally smuggled other explosive is done there: the
Fermentation
to ten days-the output of spirit per unit of rice is poor and the spirit itself is often rather acid. It has check over the amount of spirit Liu Pun is seized the strength of been found that this acidity is due which issues from the still as the which may be as low as 15 per cent. work carried on being the making to the fact that acetic fermentation condenser cannot be connected to a and if this evades duty it appears to of the tubes or cartridges which are develops to small exten: during the linckest receiver nor can the still be be fortified with a stronger spirit be sent elsewhere to be filled. fermentation of the rice. The spirit locked or sealed,
Tore sale. so produced does not keep well and
During the year investigations If made from Molasses and design- the use of this type of yeast
The rice is first boiled with a limitated, "To" e "native" Sheung Ching were made into the conditions pre- decreasing as many country ed amount of water (in order that is issued by the distilleries at exactly vailing in the white lead and ver- people prefer the favour of the the finished product may be dry) to 25 per cent, strength as mentioned milion factories with a view to as- spirit it produces to that from rice burst the starch grains. It is then above. If made from Rice it is certaining to what extent the work- and cake yeast. Cake yeast occurs placed on a large woder bench and casionally issued at slightly below 20dra in these trades-most of whom in flat square cakes or tiles weigh-spread out till partly cooled. The per cent. in strength but the general ing about half a pound each.
roughly powdered) practice is to distil at about 28 per are women-suffer from lead poison- cakes contain the mould and yeast is then which have been grown on a dry It in then left exposed to the air before payment of duty.
tracted during the counse of their conked rice and bean mixture and for an hour or so and afterwards Sara Ching is also made
From employment; and to consider what then mixed with China clay. This filled into earthenware jars the equi. Molasses, in fact it is the usual Mo-
measures can best be taken to mini- rice lasses Spirit distilled. The strength as
The yeast roughly mixed with it./cent, and break down to 25 per centing, or marcurial poisoning con-
po requires about twenty days to valent. of 8 or catties of dry few distilled is from 32 per cent to 34mise the risk from such industrial
complete the formentation of the being placed in each jar.
Enquiries so far made
sice under favourable conditions. It (usually shree) cattles of wality of breaking down to 36 per cent. to 52 show that a large proportion of the
are per cent. and it usually pays duty after diseases. gives an output of spirit per unit of then added and a small quantity
of per cent. In the case of Rice the
Forward Settlement Days.--Septem- rice which caspares very favourably yeast is sprinkled over the top Dem Sam Ching has a slightly differ. Workers show signs of "blue gum,"
with the theoretical yield and there the contents of each jar. The jars term js less risk of aceti fermentation are then stacked in racks six -to ent meaning. The usual practice is the typical symptom of lead poison- eight jars high in a part of the disto distil one jar of Rice Sheung Chinging, and some of the men also show. tillery premises as
free as possible and to add half of this jar of spirit toed symptoms of mercurial poison- from draughts.
In some cases the the next charge of fermented mash
The methods of manufacture jars are roughly seated with a piece placed in the still.
ing. The spirit thas of sacking and
a wooden bung, in distilled may be as high as 36 per cent in these factories are very primitive others the bottom of one jar stals in strength and is rarely met with and the sanitary accommodation to- the jar on which it stands. Brisk It has
been found in practice that gether with washing facilities most fermentation, if ball yeast is used,
ing four jars of mash it is
unsatisfactory esmmences within 2
and possible to produce a jar of 28 per being continued and may result in The enquirics are
fielen Wills, women's tennis champion of the world, returns From Europe on the S. S. Aquitania, with the Wimbledon championship safely tucked away with her many other vie tories abroad. She wore a beige frock with skirts well below the knees and—stockings! She told of her reception by Queen Mary and announced she won't be married until after Christmas.
hours
Είνα
the case of cake
cake yeast within 72 cent. 32 per cent. spirit which is hours. On account of the
(Starch
to Sugar and changes sold
ny Rice Sam Ching at a very the recommendation of certain pre-
to good profit to the distiller.
Alcohol taking place within the jars
a certain amount of heat is develop
ed in the fermenting mash and as a
result
ture
ventive measures to deal with these Spirits sometimes called by the diseases. name of Fa Tsau
distilled in a are
Further enquiries were
few distilleries which are ultimately made as to the use of white lead in
a small increase in tempera- denatured for
red for special Industrial pur house painting etc. It was found takes place. This increased poses e.g., in the vinegar, bean curd that lead paint is in ken. temperature remains fairly long as the fermentati Stendy as and tobacco industries. One method eral use in the Colony, but there
'continues employed is to re-d
re-distill molasses Sam providing the jars are not exposed to Ching to produce a spirit containing was no evidence that the painters changes of atmospheric temperature about 45 per cent of alcohol. In an themselves suffered any ill effects The jare are not opened or examin other distillery a special mash is pre- and it was not found practicable to ed till the end of the fermentation pared from wheat brar and molasses attempt to restrict its use. period as exposure to the atmosphere and the spirit distilled therefrom is is liable to develop acetic fermenta- call "rum" It has been found how- tion which it is essential to avoid. ever that it is extremely wasteful to The year wa marked by the The usual practice is to place a attempt to distil spirit of this (ie. occurrence of the first boiler ex- quantity of "rice tailings" (the resi- 40 per cent, to 45 per cent) strength plosion to take place in the Colony dae left in the still after the die from a Chinese stilf oring
to the fact
Accidents in Factories
tillation of rice spirit) in a large that there is a large loss of alcoho: for many years. This occurred in earthenware jar
jar or Kong. To this from various causes. Chinese liquor a Chinese factory at Shaukiwan and fixed proportions of molasses and merchants have recently expressed the resulted in the death of one man and water (warm in cold weather) are opinion that the terin "Fa Tsau" is
added and also a small quantity of only used locally, and denates strictly serious injuries to nine others. fermenting molasses mash. The lat. a mixture of commercial arrack and Later in the year another explosion ter plays the part of a mher fer water and not a spirit produced in a occurred in a Chinese factory in ment and its use enables fermenta local distillery,
connection with steam plant, al- tion to commence rapidly. The con
Fancy Spirits tents of the Kong are then thorough
though the actual explosion took
A few distilleries prepare various
ly mixed and within six hours fer- faney spirits on a small scale. In place in a compressed air chamber mentation will have commenced and actual practice these are made by ma- This resulted in the death of one at the expiration of 24 hours there cerating fresh and dried fruits or woman and injuries to several will be a brisk liberation of bubbles herbs in Sheung Ching. This business others. of carbon dioxide gas through a thick appears to be on the decline as far
Inquests were held in both
keum of
yeast
on the top of the as distilleries are concerned, and the cases and showed that the explo- fermenting liquid. During fermenta explanation appears to be that they fons were caused through careless- tion (as in the case of flee) a slight lack the capital and space necessary ness or incompetence on the part of rise in the temperature of the for to store spirit for the long peri
period re the boiler menting liquid takes place. At the quired to complete the process. Nomendations
end of 12 to 24 hours (the
time period varies af each diethows a sweet type of rice spirit and
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attendants.. Recom-
were roade by both
its manufacture is now almost entire-juries that periodical inspection of
second and final portion of molasses ly confined to retail spirit shops. The all boilers and steam plant in fae-
is added to the Kong and the liquid actual process involved varies to source tories should be made compulsory, is again. well stirred up. This stir extent but essentially ordinary Sheung and that only properly trained men ring is continued twice daily for the Ching is poured on glutenous rice
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left
@X-
period of fermentation which varies which has been previously boiled, then be allowed to operate such plant. from 96 hours to 120 hours accord, mixed with yeast and
The total number of accidenta in ing to the season of the year. It posed for an hour or so before sealing factories during the year was 59 was found during the year that fer up in jars or Kongs. After the addi-(7 fatal) as, against 48 (9 fatal) mentation of mokisses
proceeded tion of the Sheung Ching a small pre-for the eight months of the pre- normally if all the molasses was
is portion of molasses someimes placed in the Kong at one time in- added and the mixture, after sealing vious year when accidents were stead of in two portions as shown up, is left to stand for some months. first made notifiable. above. A small quantity of fat is Finally to sum up, only two kinds of Loften added to the Kong
of spirit are manufactured locally:-rice fermenting material to avoid exces- spirit and molasses spirit. These ara
During the year ended Septem- sive frothing due to too rapid fer used as the basis of all other locally mentation. This fat prevents the made Chinese spirits.
Whether the ber 30 last 49,998,000 trees were formation of large bubbles of scum strength of the spirit as issued from planted in Great Britain under the on the top of the liquid, and conse. the distillery is high or low really der scheme of the Forestry Commis“ quent overflow of the contents of the pends upon the customer and the stonera. Kong. As the result of Laboratory strength he demands.
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