1929-07-05 — Page 4

NYKUNE

REDUCED THROUGH RATES TO EUROPE VIA U.S.A. VARYING

FROM £83 TO £120 ON SALE

From Hong Kong to Shanghai

SUMMER EXCURSION RATES ·

and relura

23

Nagasaki

55

J

Moji

Kobe

"

"

Yokokama

H.K.$120 165 190

210

235

"

SAN FRANCISCO via Shanghai, Japan Ports & Honolulu.

SHINYO MARU

Wednesday, 10th July. Wednesday, SIBERIA MARU

24th July, SEATTLE, VICTORIA vía' Shanghai & Japan Ports.

MISHIMA MARU

29th July. Monday, IYO MARU

Monday, 12th August. LONDON, MARSEILLES, ANTWERP, ROTTERDAM via

Singapore, Penang, Colombo, Suez.

HAKONE MARU

SUWA MARU

SYDNEY & MELBOURNE via Manila & Ports.

AKI MARU

KAGA MARU

Saturday, Saturday,

18th July. 27th July.

Wednesday, 24th July. Wednesday, 21st August.

Thursday, Saturday,

11th July. 27th July.

COMBAY via Singapore, Penang, & Colombo.

AWA MARU

† NAGATO MARU

SOUTH AMERICA (West Coast) via Japan, Honolulu, Los Angeles,

Mexico & Panama.

Tuesday, 9th July,

THE CHINA MAIL,

CARGO HANDLING

SHIPPING

HOW GREATER SAFETY CAN

BE ACHIEVED

}

SECTION.

may therefore be quite proper. It would be most natural to let such control be of the same nature and extant as the contro, which siready exists with other structures of a similar character and of fully equal importance.

the

and it must, on the other hand, be detailed and specific if it is to be of any use, otherwise the strength-To- quirements will in reality be left to chance judgment as now. What does, for instance, "working oad" or "fac- tor of safety

onnection mean

of with the estimate of the strength a mast subjected the pressure oblique ex otherwise from a boom? Ard what do these expressions mean in connection, with the calculation of the strength of so simple a thing as a bolt subjected to combined shearing and bending?

societies

With regard to the inspections of hoisting gear for the purpose of as- and condi- certaining its scantlings ITS OPERATION ON BOARD

The control with the quality of the tien, it may be said that they can- material in other parts of a ship's not be undertaken too often on ac- wear, and [J. Bruhn, D.Sc., Det Norske Veritas.).

structure is now in the majority of count of the exceptional Landable attempts during recent cases undertaken by the classification tear the gear is exposed to. If such years have been made at increasing societies, and it consists in certain examinations are to be of real value, by State regulations the safety of specified tests being carried out at they ought in fact to be made im gear is being manufacturer's

establishment. mediately before the workers engaged in the loading and unlading of ships. It is only right This has for many decades been used, and this is no doubt the rea- that the various Government should found quite sufficient for the purpose son why the classification establish such regulations regarding of securing the necessary quality of generally decline to undertake re- this work as will reduce the risk of the material in the main structure of guiar surveys of gear as they do of injury necessarily connected with it. a ship and in details such as masts, the remainder of a vessel.

It is impracticable for outside au Maoy of the suggested regulations yarda, rudders, shafts, &c, and there will, however, not have the intended would thus appear to be no reason thorities to undertake sufficiently fre- effect of increasing

Lo the greatest to expect that it should not be suff-quent examinations, and these must, of the eient also for the purpose of secur therefore, if they are to be made, be possible extent the sufety

the

officers undertaken by

of the ing that sound. materist is employed workers.

or by the workmen themselves. The first condition of safety is in the making of hoisting gear.

Ashiy short statement that this is made of

materia The extent to which such examina- that the hoisting gear

tions will reduce the risk of acci should be in accordance with the redents will necessarily depend on the quirements of one of the recognised classification societies ought, there- capacity of the ship's officers or the for the operators for the work. It requires fore, to be quite suficient purpose of securing the desired safety seme fair practical knowledge of en- to judge cor- gineering to be able in this respect.

rectly of the importance of wear anil No Scantlings The strength of the hull of a ship, faults in the material at the various the rudder, the shaft, and the masts parts of the gear. is secured through the classification People without any knowledge of societies or State authorities soci

each ongineering have often great faith in cribing definite scantlings in

cntire hoisting case, and experience has shown that tests made this is a sufficient guarantee for gear by simpl lifting a weight, or on a portion of it by subjecting it safety as far as strength is concern-

scund material and is of proper de sign. The second condition that it is kept in good repair, and the third that the werkmen themselves cxer- cise the necessary

care in using it.

of their of increased effect in the direction safety, the order of importance of these three conditions ought to be the nature of reversed, judging by the accidents which most commonly

occur.

ANYO MARU

NEW YORK, BOSTON via Panama

† ATAGO

Saturday,

SOUTH AMERICA (East Coast) via Singapore, Cape Town & Ports. From the point of view

KAMAKURA MARU

9th July. Tuesday,

Sunday, MARU

21st July. LIVERPOOL via Port Said, Constantinople, Genoa.

20th July. † DURBAN MARU

"

CALCUTTA via Singapore, Penang & Rangoon.

† GENDA MARU

Tuesday,

9th July.

+ RANGOON MARU

Monday,

15th July.

SHANGHAL. KOBE & YOKOHAMA.

HAKOZAKI MARU

Sunday,

7th July,

MITO MARU

Wednesday, Thursday,

10th July. 18th July,

+ LYONS MARU

#Cargo only.

Reduced 1st Class Excursion Rates quoted between Manila and Australia,

For further information apply to NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA.

Tel. Central No. 292 and 3897. (Private exchange tó all departments)-|

K.

SAILINGS FROM HONG KONG SUBJECT TO ALTERATION.

LONDON,

HAMBURG, ROTTERDAM & Colombe, Suez and Port Said.

ANTWERP Via Singapore

Sunday, 14th July. Sunday, 11th August.

ALTAI MARU

ATLAS MARU

as to

To an experienced crane engineer it is not a dimicult problem to design and make a strong and safe hoist ing gear. He can, if necessary, make" exhaustive exanimation the soundnces

material he of the .and he can and must estimate the working stresses, and provide for a safe maximum. In doing this he may find it convenient to work with certain figures, for the so-called "fac- tors of safety" or "safe working bads." It is difficult to define ex- what these figures are for a like a hoisting gear, but in a gen- eral way they indicate the extent to which the weight to be lifted can be increased without the gear failing.

Marking of Gear

RIO DE JANEIRO, SANTOS & BUENOS AIRES Via Saigon, Singapure, is fully aware of the

Colombo, Durban & Cape Town.

BOMBAY Via Singapore & Colombo

DURBAN, LOURENCO MARQUES, BEIRA, DAR-ES-SALAAM, ZANZIBAR

MONTEVIDEO MARU

Tuesday, 30th July.

SHUNKO MARU

Friday, 19th July,

PANAMA MARU

Sunday, 7th Jaty.

CANADA MARU

Tuesday, 6th August.

& MOMBASA--Via Singapore, & Colombo.

CALCUTTA—Via Singapore, Penang & Rangoon,

BORNEO MARU

...... Thursday, 18th July.

Each designer may attach a some what different meaning to the ex-

working pressions

Joad

and "factur of

This, however, need not Safety" necessarily have any elfent эп the strength of the gear he makes, as he meaning of these figures, and can use them ae- cordingly. Two designers may thus very well use nominally very differ- ent "factors of safety," and yet ar the same strength. rive at exactly One may, for instance, use the figure the working stress in relation to the limit of elasticity of the material for repeated stresses, and the other the figure for the ratio of the work-

for

VICTORIA, SEATTLE, TACOMA & VANCOUVER Via Japan Ports from ing stress to the stress at which the

Shangha..

ARIZONA MARU (From Shanghai), Monday, 16th July.

MELBOURNE-Via Manila, Brisbane & sydney,

BURMA. MARU

HIMALAYA MARU

JAIPHONG—Yin Hochow a Pakhoi

MENADO MARU

Friday, 6th July.

Wednesday, 7th August.

... Thursday, 11th July, 10 3.m.

NEW YORK-Vis Japau ports. San Francisco & Panama.

HAVANA MARU

JAPAN PORTS.

SADO MARU AMAZON MARU

KASADO

BATAVIA MARU

KEELUNG-VI. Swatow & Amoy.

CANTON MARU

HOZAN MARU

FAKAO-Va SWATOW & AMOY.

DELI MARU

TAKAO & KEELUNG

BATAVIA MARU

Wednesday, 17th July.

Sunday, 7th July.

Tuesday, 9th July.

Sunday, 14th July.

Sunday, 7th July, 3 p.m. Sunday, 14th July, 3 p.m.

Thursday, 18th July, noon.

Sunday, 14th July.

Mor further particulars please apply to-OSAKA SKOSEŃ KAISHA. Tel. Central No. 4088, 4089, 4890.

M. TAKEUCHI, Manager.

American Express Travellers Cheques

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THE AMERICAN EXPRESS CO., INC.

4, DES VOEUX ROAD CENTRAL, Hong Kong.

SHIPBUILDERS,

SHIP REPAIRERS, BOILER MAKERS, FORGE MASTERS, OXY-ACETYLENE, AND

ELECTRIC WELDERS, MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERS.

actually breaks.

material

If shipbuilders are themselves de- signing hoisting gear, it would be convenient for them to get all the various parts of the gear which the manufacturer supplies, marked with the figure indicating the magnitude of the load, which the manufacturer thinke the item can safely bear. If such information is to be of

use, the manufacturer must, however, make it quite clear on which assumptions the estimate of the working oads are based. Are the loads, for instance, supposed to be steady or quickly

pres-

Tests of Small Value

on the

such

ed when the vessel is handled prato either tension or compression. A

of what consideration The classification porly.

soclefias little

tests really have so far in most cases not pre small value as a guarantee of the mean will show their.

of the sufficiency of the strength

ar In the first instance such tests on the complete gear can hardly be made under a sufteient number of the varying conditions as to nosition of booms, heel of vessels, &c., to cover all the circumstances under which weights of the magnitude used may be lifted,

WHEN YOU ARE ON LEAVE

keep in Touch with Horig Kong and China affairs by subscribing to the OVERLAND CHINA MAIL

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JUST REORGANISED.

3 Months $ 3.75) 6 Months $ 7.50 12 Months $15.00 including Postage,

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Further, and this is worse, if there is no snarent failure of the gear with such a test, that is no proof at all that it is safe to ft a weight of that particular magnitude, as

the stress may at any part of the gear be excessive with that lift. In fact, the stress may during the test have been higher than the limit of elas-

may the material

there-

ticity, and

face have been injured to such an ex-

tear would

tent

that

the

any

fail if

If a

CANADIAN

FRIDAY, JULY 5, 1929.

PACIFIC

SHORTEST AND QUICKEST ROUTE ACROSS THE PACIFIC TO VICTORIA & VANCOUVER

17 Days Hongkong-Vancouver, 14 Days Shanghai-Vancouver 11 Days Kobe-Vancouver, 9 Days Yokohama-Yancouver Y'hama Hong Kong S'hai

Leave Leave

July 10 July 13

Kobe

Licave July 16

Leave July 18

y'ver Arrive July 21

July 31 Aug. 9 Aug. 6 Aug. 8 Aug. 17 Aug. 21 Aug. 24- Aug. 27 Aug. 29 Sept. 9 Sept. Sept. 7 Sept. 10 Sept. 12 Sept. 21 Sept. 25 Sept. 28 Oct 1 Oct. 8 Oct. 13

Oct

Oct. 17 Oct. 26 Oct. 12 Oct. 20 Nov. 2 Nov. 5 Nov. 7 Nov. 18 Nov. 18 Nov. 16

Nov. 19

Nov. 30 Dec.

Oct. 15

Nov. 21 NOV. 18

EMPRESS OF ASIA EXPRESS OF FRANCE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF FRANCE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF CANADA EMPRESS OF RUSSIA Nov. 27 Nov. 80 EMPRESS OF ABIA

Dec. 18 Dec. 21 Jan. 15 Jan. 18 EMPRESS OF CANADA

Feb. 5 EMPRESS OF RUSSIA

Feb. 8 Feb. 11 Feb, 18 Feb. 22 EMPRESS OF ASIA Feb. 26 Mar. 1 Mar. 4 Mar, 6 Mar. 15 (E/Asia and E/Russia call at Nagasaki the day after departure from S'hai) Atlantic sailings from Montreal and Quebec every few days to Liverpool, Southampton, Glasgow, Antwerp, Cherbourg and Hamburg

--

$

Dec. 6 Dec. 14

Dec. BA

Dee. 26

Jan. 4

Jan. 21

Jan. 23

Feb. 1

Special Round Trip-Summer Fares.

From Hong Kong to SHANGHAI and Return

33

17

H.K. $120,00.

H.K. $165.00

H.K. $210.00

H.K. $235.00

153

IF

4

NAGASAKI KOBE YOKOHAMA

2)

1+

HONG KONG MANILA SERVICE

Leave Hong Kong

Arrive

Leave

Arrive

Manila

Manila Hong Koup

July 23

July 25

EMPRESS OF FRANCE

July 26.

July 28

Aug. 13

Aug. 15

EMPRESS OF RUSSIA

Aug. 16

Aug. 18

CANADIAN PACIFIC EXPRESS

TRAVELLERS CHEQUES PAYABLE THE WORLD OVER.

THE SAFEST AND MOST CONVENIENT WAY TO CARRY FUNDS.

Passenger Department: Freight and Express:

Tel. C.752 Tel. G. 42

Cables: "GACANPAC."

Cables: "NAUTILUS."

BRITISH WUCHOW LINE

JULY SAILINGS DEPARTURE HOURS:

Hong Kong 5.30 p.m. Wychow 2.00 p.m.

similar weight were again attempt. The Sai Kong (or the West River ed to be lifted. In other words, such is the third largest river in the Chin- weight tests on the entire gear may

ese Republic and second only to the even be the cause of accidente.

The same objections may be made Yangteze in importance. This magni- to the testing of

part of thecent trade route was opened to for hoisting gear, such as masta, bu eign traffic in 1897, but how many balts, cc.

The guarantee strength of the gear in part or in foreigners travel on this important entirety must fie in the sufficiency of waterway? The scenery along the...

If that is secured, route is beautiful. We recommend it the scantlings. and there is thus no risk of caus-

of the

ing any overstraining anywhere, it to any person who wishes to spend a

be may desirable to test the gear by short and economical holiday.

lifting a weight

even somewhat in

the weight usually lifted,

Excess

just

to

19

make sure that everything in working order. The case is

S.S. "TAI HING"

[1,068 tons Capt. Trott.].

JULY

FRI. WED.

5th 10th

.SUN.

21st

FRI.

26th

TUES. 16th

WED.

31st

S.S. TAI MING"

[849 tons Capt. G. J. Spink.]

JULY

MON.

*8th

SUN

14th

WED. 24th MON.

29th

FRI

19th

For information apply to-

Co., Ltd.

KWO G WING

87, Connaught Read West, Phone: Central 893.

quite

testing boilers to what can be done in the direction they may be quite unsatisfactory for

another purpose. pressure, and no com- with hydrault to

of increasing safety by technical re-

Tendency of Shipowners petent engineer, of course, would gulations. It cannot be expected that

The shipowners do not appreciate think of declaring the scantlings of people at large should have sufficient

the technicalities in connection with baller sufficient because the bailar knowledge of engineering to appre- had shown no weakness during » aciate

the safety of hoisting gear, and they correctly what can and what

to accept have a natural tendency hydraulic tast.

cannot be done by technical rules and

suggestiona aiming formulae, but ordinary common sense

at increased False Impression of Security

safety provided they do not involve changing how great is the allowscribed scantlings for holsting geat. It is, in the circumstances, parti- and an examination of the circum-

any unreasonable expenses. In that ance made for wear and other de- The explanation hereof is no doubt cularly unfortunate that the British stances of accidents which do occur,

way the regulations, which

are in terioration, &c.?

themselves quite unsatisfactory, may Suche

eh marking of gear is, on the that this gear is more liable than a Home Office have insisted upon such should convince even these that the ship's structure generally to be sub- load tests being made on the hoist cause of the accidents in connection

Jift- with

the operation of

be adopted apparently with the sup- hoisting gear other hand, to say the least, of doubt jected to sudden and unaccountable ing gear of ships, Applied to

part of everybody. Eul value as a means of furthering

strusses in the former case it may ing gear in workshops on land, they is in most cases carelessness on the

Unfortunately aafety regulations the safety of the workmen using the be said that it is the elements, wind, may, perhaps, be of use. but on part of the workmen themselves, and

are often made as a result of the gear. It is practically impossible for and sen a combination with gravity board ships they are unsatisfactory, not possible defects which could be

erroneous impression an accident has. thes to estimate the exact load

which cause the stresses, whereas in as they do not increase the safety, remedied by regulations and examina-

created in the minds even reduce it by over- tions. Most engineers are engaged in

people un- which comes on the various parts of the latter case it is human beings and may

able to judge of the importance of the gear, and it is, therefore, quite who are even more

material, and доме erratic in their straining

designing and creating, and it impossible for them to find

technical the accident as a proof of the neces- of secur- turul to actions than wind and water.

them to with those part of the gear would be

sity for new regulations. A charac- It is formulae and expression such as using the gear. If proper strength is to be security mos strained in proportion to the

ed for new hoisting gear. it would all

13 the fol the more unfortunate that these "factors of safety" and "safe work-teristic example of this stated working load The marking nevertheless be most rational to pre-regulations should be prescribed for ing load." If such engineers have lowing of blocks, booms, &c., with a work scribe definite scantlings for ships by the greatest maritime na-

the

no experience in the making ing load would undoubtedly only tend various sizes of gear, just as the to confuse most operators.

classification societies. do for the re- Independent Control Not Needed

mainder of the vessel, and the most The name of an experienced gear convenient manner of doing this mamfacturer will usually

in itself would

would be to ask the classification be a considerable guarantee to societies to establish in their rules shipbuilder for the reliability of the tables of scantlings for hoisting gear. year supplied, and the name of an if these institutions do not like to experienced shipbuilding firm will make

such

out

likewise be a guarantee to the ship-S

owner that he is getting a safe hoist-

ing gear.

กษ

Scantlings compulsory)

might be left

as far as the institutions are

as are now other similar

Few accidents take place with new regulations. It would oven in this hoisting gear. -Independent control, case be desirable, not to. let any un-

the design and with the sound certainty enter into the

determita- ness of the material used, is here- tion of the scantlings by the use of tofore not particularly needed. Still, "factor of safety or similar ex- faulty design and faulty material do pressions, although this can be done ocer, and some control with these without great risk of harm when the interpretation of their meaning

-DRY DOCK-

THE TAIKOO DOCKYARD & ENGINEERING COMPANY

Tel. Address

OF HONG KONG, LIMITED,

Wireless Call SALVAGE TUG “TAIKOO”-

V.P.G.N. 600 Meters.

TAIFOODOCE" HONG KONG

2. Central,

ANE PENNANT?

Length 787 Feet. Length on Blocks 750 Feet.

Depth on Centre of

Sill (H.W.O.S.T.) 34 ft. 6 Ins.

THREE SLIPWAYS Capable of Handling Ships Up to 3,000 Tons Displacement. Electric Crane at Sea Wall, Capable of Lifting 100 Tons at 70 Feet Ruckus.

BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE,

AGENT

HONG KONG, CHINA & JAPAN.

is left to an institution having an established practice regardag such

pointa.

creating false impression of

R

by

use

TIA-

at tion, and thereby cause other nations safety rules, they are able to sug- to make similar or perhaps less satis-gest without deeper consideration re

of the factory regulations modelled on the gulations involving the use

formulae which they themselves have same principle.

in dealing with found satisfactory their sido of the problem, although

The general public and politicians

As a rule have an erroneous idea as

A vessel was being unloaded and the work had proceeded without in- cident for some time, when sudden- ly, while there was no load at all on the gear, the boom fell down; and man, the cause being that killed &

(Continued on Page 5.)

BANK LINE LTD.

AGENTS FOR

The use in State regulations of ELLERMAN & BUCKNALL S.S.

expressions like. "factor of safety," "safe working load" without soch fixed practice or without exhaustive definitions and explanations does not mean anything, and will, therefore, not tend to improve safety, particu larly if the regulations are to be applied Internationally, and an inter- pretation therefore left to

People with widely different training and ideas.

CO., LTD.

SAILINGS SUBJECT TO ALTERATION WITHOUT NOTICE. UNITED KINGDOM & CONTINENT

S.S. "CITY OF CAMBRIDGE London, Rotterdam, Amsterdam & Hamburg S.S. "CITY OF ATHENS" London, Rotterdam, Amsterdam & Hamburg

NEW YORK, BOSTON, & BALTIMORE

on:

SLS "CITY OF MANDALAY”. SS. CITY OF BEDFORD", S.C. "CITY OF CANBERRA”.

Strength requirements based the "safe working lead" principle mayin many cases when definite figures are given, and with clear de- finitions be quite i satisfactory when applied nationally to workshops on land, where hoisting gear partakes more of the

of nature regular machinery, and where the operators ere usually in possession of more en- gineering knowledge than the work. men manipulating such gear on board ships,

It

it is a somewhat laborious work to establish satisfactory tables giving the scantlings for various sizes and arrangements of hoisting gear, and it cannot be done without a large amount of material at disposat as regards previous practice, under vary- ing conditions. It is a much easier tank to simply lay down a rule to the effect that the gear shall be constructed on the basis of a certain factor of safety, or for a certain working appctions

load" on the various parts.

Asatisfactory definition of these factors would be very cumbersomZE,

via Suez Canal

via Suez Cania!

via Suez Canal

BALSO AGENTS FOR

ELLERMAN LINE

9th July.

9th August.

AMERICAN & MANCHURIAN LINE

ANDREW WEIR & CO.

SERVICES TO

BOSTON, NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA &

S.S. "SPRINGBANK”

BALTIMORE.

MAURITIUS & SOUTH AFRICA

SS. TINHOW"

15th July.

9th August. 10th September.

AMERICAN & ORIENTAL LINE

31st July. ORIENTAL AFRICAN LINE|

$12th August.

Loading for Manritins, Hermion, Zelagon Bay, Durban, East London, Algoa Bay (Port Elizabeth),

Mossel Bay and Capetom.

Through

Bills of Lading larord to Beira, Quilimaine, Ibo, Port Amelia, Mozambique, Chinde, Inhambane Zanzibar, Mambosa, Kilindinh, Port Nolloth, deritz Bay, Walvis Bay and Madagascar

For freight or passage on my of the shows Hoes apply to

Telephone

Central 479L

THE BANK LINE, LTD.