1929-01-22 — Page 8

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BROUGH D

THE OVERLAND CHINA MAIL

WEEKLY EDITION OF THE CHINA MAIT

Published Every Friday at 8a,

(Telephone Central 22.)

ham St.

MEDICINE

THE POINTS OF THE PROFESSION

THE CHINA MAIL,

{slands, and with the history of forTM the additional courses and our professional institutions, may tests and certificates. Again, not well feel bewildered at the num-jall students, however industrious, ber and variety of ways in which have the knack of imparting what admission can be obtained to the they know to an examiner, and A REVIEW

"Register." They will see in the every setback due to failure in the table of contents to this Educa, examination room or to illness The profession of medicine, tional Number that there are, no means added expense. School and like every other, has its advan. fewer than twenty-seven bodies-examination fees, together with tages and its drawbacks, and all eighteen universities and nine the cost of board, lodging, clothes; who think of entering it should corporations-which either separ- and recreation, form the largest try to weigh the one against the ately or jointly issue registrable items of expenditure, and to these other: Our main object through-qualifications; and the number of must be added the money spent out this Educational Number of teaching institutions is even on books, microscope, instru- the "British Medical Journal" is larger. Nevertheless, although ments, and so forth. Since pro-

to be of assistance to prospective we have no single State examina-fessional education muat in any students and their parents, and tion in medicine—no "one portal," case continue for Ave years at to those who have lately joined as it has been termed the medi- least (a period exceeded by the our ranks. Thus, while the pages cal courses of the various univer- vast majority), and since the cost that follow give full information)sities and schools in Great Bri- of living in different parts of the about the steps that must be tain and Ireland run on parallel country varies much, while per- taken and the studies that must lines, and the obligatory curricu-sonal expenditure varies still be pursued in order to become a lum is much the same for all) more, it can only be said in a gen- registered medical practitioner. students. As however, the in-eral way that anyone who thinks the Educational Number as a dividual teaching and examining of entering the profession should whole is much more than a mere bodies have different standarda be prepared for an outlay of at abstract of prospectuses and re- and requirements, the choice | least £1,500. Something between. gulations. It is intended to serve should be made early, so that a two-thirds and three-quarters of as a kind of guidebook both for definite plan may be followed. Athe whole amount would probably those wishing to know what a candidate may, through ignor-be spent on maintenance, and the medical career has to offer, and ance, either choose a portal beset rest in fees, etc., for tuition and for others who, having obtained a with so many difficulties that examination. The composition legal qualification to practise, are time and energy which might fees charged by the different uncertain about the line of work more profitably be used in some medical schools are stated in the for which they are best suited. other direction are wasted in paragraphs relating to each on As in past years, this introduc-efforts foredoomed to failure; or, (other pages of this issue. In tory article gives an opportunity on the other hand, he may choose making any kind of "trial estim- to review some aspects of medi- one which too late he finds does ate" the manifold helps available cal study and practice to-day, in not open the way to a career suit-nowadays for the reduction of order to put the situation as weed to his taste and ability. It is expense should not be ignored. see it before those who think of therefore important to gain some At nearly all the medical schools devoting themselves to medicine, idea of the value, in different more scholarships and and thus help them to gauge their walks of medical life, of the vari- prizes are offered now than in the fitness for the calling and the ous degrees and diplomas, and of past; at the Scottish universities |prospects it holds out.

the comparative difficulties they bursaries are numerous; and the Carnegie Trust (whose regula-

tip

money

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The intending student will find present. in subsequent pages an account of All who wish to enter the pro- [tions are summarised at page the course of training required of fession must comply with certain 387) gives pecuniary help to him, the places where it can be conditions. These are regulated many Scottish students. The obtained, and the universities by the General Medical Council, main thing to bear in mind is that, and other licensing bodies, which which is a statutory body set up as compared with other profes test the knowledge gained and under the Medical Acts; a sum-sions, the period of training in confer degrees or diplomas en-mary of its functions and requiremedicine is long, and for most titling successful candidates to ments is given at page 375. Many students expensivé. Further become legally qualified medical changes have lately been made guidance on this matter will be practitioners. Sections are in in the medical and pre-medical found. In a memorandum, cluded also on post-graduate curriculum, and this section, as drawn by the. Registrar medical study, on the higher well as the article on Professional of the General Medical Council, on qualifications, both general and Study and Examination, should the procedure to be followed in special, and on the many and be studied with care. It is the order to enter the profession. varied spheres of medical work business of the General Medical This pamphlet gives much useful open to registered medical men Council, so far as possible, to see information, including a compara- and women at home and abroad, that a suitable kind of training tive table of the cost of study and The details given are founded for and the requisite degree of know-examination at the various in- the most part on official informa-ledge are secured to the student, stitutions. tion, and are arranged along the and it is the business of the medi- Medical students are not com- customary lines.

cal schools and examining bodies monly the sons or daughters of Groundwork of Medical Study to give the training and test the wealthy parents; very often their "The most important thing in knowledge in accordance with the education puta a heavy strain on the education of a really good requirements of that Council.a slender family purse. Hence, doctor is his general education." Every student, after passing ex- before setting out upon this long This is the plain truth, spoken the aminations in the subjects of gen. and exacting course of study, it other day to an American audi-eral education and in the pre- ia usual to weigh, not only the ence by an authority on medical liminary sciences of chemistry cost, but also the prospects. An education in Britain, Next and physics, must take a course overcrowded curriculum would be in importance is a good scientific of training at a recognised medi-Hard to face if all that could be education--a thorough grounding cal school, covering a period of at discerned at the end of it were an in the basic principles of science, least five years, but usually ex- overcrowded, profession. With- Upon these the student of ordin- tended to six years or more. out forgetting the adage "there is ary intelligence and industry can Examination of candidates as always room at the top," the build up an adequate technical to their fitness to practise medi- youth and the girl of to-day, when equipment for the practice of his cine, surgery, and obstetrics is reckoning up their chances in any profession. Medicine is an art left to the licensing bodies, which calling, will wish to know the founded on science: hence the are of two kinds the univer-probable numbers of their com- need for a real training in science sities, and certain medical cornetitors for the work that is wait- and the scientific spirit. The porations in England, Scotland, ing to be done. temptation to take short views and Ireland. The requirements Numbers of Medical Students. and short cuts is very strong in of these licensing bodies are sum- The following brief survey of the early years of the medical marised elsewhere under separate the numbers of new medical stud- curriculum, but a greater mis-beadings. One of the functions ents in recent years should be take cannot be made than to work of the General Medical Council, read with the notes and tables at any branch of preliminary besides that of keeping the printed at page 874 on the num- study as though it were some-"Medical Register" and maintain-bers of registered practitioners. thing to be thrown aside and, for- ing discipline within the profes More new students mean more gotten when the examination im- sion, is to make sure that the doctors five or six years later, mediately ahead has been passed tests at each stage do not fall though, as the chart shows, there The student who has had a good below a certain standard, and that is in normal times a fairly con- general education and who use the studenta. examined have stant wastage, due to one cause or this to master the essentials of undergone prescribed courses at another. each of the fundamental subjects approved institutions. Successful For the last thirteen years of need have little dread of examin- candidates eventually receive the nineteenth century the aver- Moreover, these sciences either degrees, in the case of a age entry of medical students, in give a drilling in exact methods, university, *or. diplomas or Great Britain, and Ireland had in precise manipulations, and in licences, in the case of a corpora- been about 1,800, but for the next vigorous reasoning, which will tion; these qualifications entitle thirteen years the average was bear immediate fruit in the clini- them to claim insertion of their about 1,400. During the war cal part of the curriculum and names in the "Medical Register." period,, although many left to prove of lasting benefit through Every student, as soon as he observe with the forces, the whole out professional life,

tains his qualification to practise, number studying in the schools The purpose of a gound train- should at once register; otherwise grew steadily larger. Thus in ing in medicine is to raise or he cannot hold a public medical 1914 the entries rose to 1.600, and scientific principles a solid struc appointment, or sign any certi in 1916 to 1,918; in 1916 they ture of practical knowledge and ficate required from a legally were $1,875 in 1917 they rose |practical skill. Students who qualified practitioner (such as a again. to 2,150, and in 1918 they keep this in mind will look upon death certificate), or recover pro- were 2,263; while in the follow- cram work" as a weakness in the fessional fees in a court of law. ing year, when demobilisation foundations, and therefore as a Holders of diplomas and licences was in active progress, as many hidden danger to the superstruc once made up the great majority as 8,420 new students were regis ture Chemistry, physics, and of all medical; men, especially in tered. After 1919 the number of elementary biology, prepare the England and Wales. But univer- entries rapidly fell. They were way for anatomy and physiology, sities have greatly multiplied, and 2.581 in 1920, 1,808 in 1921, and and so for medicine and surgery so many practitioners, are now 1888 in 1922. In 1923 they drop- and obstetrics. All cauthorities graduates in medicine that a stud-ped suddenly to 549. This abrupt are agreed that these preliminary ent at the threshold of his career falling off was, however, more ap and intermediate solences form will do well to consider the advan-parent than real, the reason being TGL G.5450 FIRST FIGOR BANK OF CANTON BUILDING the only appropriate introduction tages of possessing a degree, the introduction. In that year, to the study of medicine. It has though it may be desirable to under the new regulations, of a been well said of the great John take also a diploma or licence. pre-registration test in elementary. Hunter that he studied anatomyThe medical degrees (M.B., M.D., physics and chemistry. In 1924 and physiology to get help in etc.) granted by, the universities the students entries were 1,048, diagnosing and treating his in Great Britain and Ireland are in 1925 they were 1,070, in 1926 patients. He studied dead things mentioned among the particulars they rose to 1,260, and last year. to understand the living, and ob about each university printed in they were 2.114. served living things to understand their sections the dead. A knowledge of

ers.

Cost of Medical Education:

how this body is made and how For the ordinary student the it works must provide the basis cost of medical education resolves for all the more practical sub- itself into the cost of the training jects of medicine So much for at medical school and hospital, and the groundwork

the cost of living during the five

Portals of the Profession or six years of the The obvious goal of every The expenses student is the entry of his name main headings vary consi in the Medical Register," which Besides differences in the

is the official statutory lat of made fo qualified medical practitioners differences ker by the General Medical Coun-well as

are not

of qua Beck examination

these diplomar

um

two

(To be Continued.]

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BY VEARING CFOOT EASE

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