1928-11-01 — Page 12

12

LIGHT FOUR

WINS A GRUELLING

.CLIMB

WHIPPET ACHIEVEMENT

LUBRICATION

INFLUENCE ON BEARING LIFE

FOLLOW THE CHARTI

THE CHINA MAIL,

FIVE OUT OF SIX

WILLYS-KNIGHT'S FINE FEAT

MODEL" 56"

With the Willys-Knight model

rapid wear, and a probable seizure, if the high speeds are indulged, in.: It is for this reason that car manu- facturers always caution drivers) against high revving" of new en- gines. It is impossible, even with the present-day machines, to pre- In a recent mountain climbing Countless articles have already paro a bearing surface that is ab- contest held on Mt. Tiadaghton, been written about the importance solutely smooth. To the eye or to "66" setting an outstanding per one of the highest peaks in the of lubrication in machinery, and the touch they may seem absolutely formance record in this country. Allegheny range of North probably as much money has been perfect, but there are always little America, a strictly stock Whippet spent in research in this direction four, loaded with four passen-in the automobile industry au hat gers, won the annual race to the been spent in the designing and Summit against ten other cars, refinement of engines generally. some of which retail around U.S. The manufacturer of every car $2,000 fo.h. Factory.

public demand for this lowest pieces which tend to bridge the oil which is reflected in the wide film. These pieces have to be worn off carefully. The heat that they priced Knight engined six, comes develop, caused by the friction set word from Australia of the signal up in the wearing process, is direct success of the same car in the an stresses the fact that all oil levels proportional to the speed atual automobile contests staged which they are rotated, and it under the supervision of the More than 1,000 persons from should be carefully checked, and should be remembered that the fus Royal Automobile Association of .the vicinity of Welsboro, the oil changed at regular intervals. Pennsylvania. U.S.A., witnessed

The Willys-Knight "56" in the To the average motorist this, on ng point of the white metal (of Australia.

Australian contests made an out- the event to judge the mountain the face of it, seems to be an un-which the bearings are made) is

comparatively low. climbing ability of the various necessary waste, ns in almost every

Another point requiring explana-siunding record by winning five cara entered. The Whippet nego-case when the oil is changed, as tion is the matter of how wear is of the events in which it was en- tiated the gruelling climb in 24 per directions, it still seems to have

caused. It may logically be astered and finishing second in the minates, clipping more than a good "body." at least to the touch; sumed that a bearing in which the sixth-a veritable clean sweep for rtinute off the former record and to the uninitiated throwing this surfaces are continually separated this model. which also was held by a Whippet

In Second Gear Despite the fuel that several of the cars entered were six cylinder models of other makes, the Whip pet four was the only car to climb to the peak of the mountain with four passengers.

Rules of the context demanded that each car be locked in second gear and make the start from the valley thousands of feet below the stop of the mountain.

four,

الم

its have

oil away is like throwing good by a film of oll should never wear The contests, which were open money down the drain pipe.

out. However, in the first place it to all stock cars of the world, in- The

may still

will be obvious that a certain cluded hill climbing, acceleration, "body," but the point is that mixed amount of wear must take place speed, slow running, economy and with it are impurities that score when the engine is started up be reliability. In the three various the bearing surfaces, promoting fore the film is fully formed, and, classes there were 49 competi- representing automobile friction, wear, noise, and compura-furthermore, any grit in the oil tors lively early expense for replace tends to become embedded in the manufactures of Great Britain, ment and adjustment. The reason soft white metal, where it remains Continental Europe and the Unit for this statement will be seen as to bridge the gap formed by the oil, ed States. we progress with the theme of how and to rub against the steel shaft. This at any rate, is the theory lubrication is carried on..

Gruelling Drive Compared with the records Every mechanism contains aadvanced to explain the fact that established in contests held in oumber of bearings in which rotat-steel shaft will become worn when previous years, the performance The cars were started at inter- or oscillating parts are support-the much softer white metal in of the Willys-Knight in 1928 vals of ten minutes and one by, and the more arduous the con- which It runs shows no sign of dam- Australian events has never he

These facta bring us directly fore been equalled by a car of any one they halted at the roadside, dition of operation the more eare-age. unable to negotiate the total disilly must the arrangements for the to the reason why manufacturers other make. tance with their loaded cars. But lubrication of these bearings be of the Whippet, once it got under studied. This is very clearly seen changing of oil. way, made the entire climb and in the case of a motor car chassis where, for example, the highly-load- a the finish line its motor was crankshaft receives very care 1unning smoothly, showing no signs of the strain and no indica-ful attention, the gear box and back

axle less attention, # tion of overheating.

number Its ability

of other bearings are left to the climb in to make the steep second gear with a full load is tender mercies of the driver and declared by experts to be a re-the grease gun, and stiil further markable tribute to the car's here are severni bearings for which power, inbuilt stamina and eth arrangements for greas

ing are made. cienry of its cooling system

Wear, Noise, and Friction LUXURY CAR

Kenerous proportion in the oil..

advocate the frequent In a recent campaign in Brazil It is the collec-under the auspices of the Good tion of grit and other impurities Roads Association, eight cars in the off that promotes wear, and were untered over the difficult 200| the only satisfactory, way of get kilometre route from Sao Paulo Ing over the trouble is to throw to Campos to Jordao and return them out of the system by chang as a manifestation of that coun- ing the oil. Of course, manufac try's demand for better highways. turers are now incorporating oil

In this gruelling drive over an filters and air cleaners in the equip almost impassable rond, a Willys- but while Knight Great.Six was one of the ment of engines, these are to a large degree effective, only two cars that reached Cam- they only put off the evil day, pos do Jordan and the only car of There always comes a time when the eight that made the return The importance of correct jubri-the amount of grit and sludge trip to Sao Paulo. cation for a working part can hard-passed by the alters reaches a dan- ly be over-estimated, in view of Its

STILL IN USE WINS ACCEPTANCE IN

threefold influence. First, inck of How Bearings Overhent WORLD'S MARKETS

lubrication results in an increase When an engine is running, the of friction, which involves a loss oil film in the bearings is conting STUDEBAKER ROADSTERS IN AMERICAN MAKE

HANDS OF PILOTS of power; secondly, a dry boaringally being sheared as the shafts will not run silently; and, thirdly rotate, and this naturally warms

HARD TO BELIEVE Immediately following a state-

Conge- ment by the Stearns-Knight Salesfielent lubrication leads to the oil by Auid friction. Corporation of Cleveland that rapid wear and risk of seizure. The quently, a suflleient quantity of off

What becomes of the Studebak- 'fe of a machine may, in point of must be pumped through a heavy August sales of Stearns-Knight fact, he said to be governed almost duty bearing in order to keep the cars that break endurance and elghts and Stearns-Knight sixes set a new high mark for any pre-entirely by the life of the bearings temperature down to a reasonable speed records is a question often which it contains. Commencing figure, especially as white metal asked by motorists who find it hard vious August In the Company's with the more important bearing fuses fairly readily. This expinins to believe that any car, regardless history, the John N. Willys Ex-surfaces. these are found in the the reason why, in a racing car of its durability, can stand up port Corporation reports splendid crankshaft of the engine, and their engine working at long periods at under the strains of long sustained Acceptance of these cars in the

duties are very ariluous, owing to Full load, it is usually found neces-speed such as the famous 25,000- principal markets throughout the the high speeds at which they run sary to provide a radiator in which mile run and still be in condition world.

and the heavy loads which they the oil can be cooled before being to run after the grind has been Despite the fact that Stearns-curry. It is quite common for a again circulated by the pump. In completed, Knight cars compete here with crankpin to support a lond slightly a touring car engine, sufficient cool- An answer is found in a pair the finest craftsmanship and en-in excess of a ton when running ating is obtained by allowing the ofl of stock Studebaker Commander gineering skill of the entire world, maximum speed; which may be to drain back to a fairly large quan-roadsters, both of which covered the product of the American anything up to 4,000 p.m. in a tity contained in the sump, from 25,000 miles on the Atlantic City manufacturer already has estab-touring car engine, and that it can which the pump draws its supply. Speedway at an average speed of lished itself in a teaching position do this without wearing out in a It is chiefly owing to this matter of 65.31 miles per bour. Both card in the quality car field.

few hundred miles proves eon-cooling by means of oil that it has are now in daily service, and both This position is attributed to lusively that there must be some- "become a common practice to force have more than 60,000 miles on the unqual beauty of the Stearns- thing separating the soft, white feed the big and bearings or pans, their speedometers. Knight body design, the excel-metal lining of the "big end" from directly underneath them, instead One of these famous Command- lence of workmanship, in mechani-the hard steel crankpin. This of lubricating them by spinsh alone, ers is in the hands of Abe cal construction and coach work, "something" is, of course, a film of because the modern engine is run Jenkins, who holds the trans-Com- and numerous features charaeil.

at such a high speed, that the big❘tinental record from New York teristic of the Stearns-Knight It will be quite clear that the ends are very heavily loaded, and harbour, to San Francisco bay. inbuilt stamina, double sleeve pressure of the sit as delivered to generate a considerable amount of made with a fully equipped stock valve engine, power, speed, quiet- [the bearing by the pump (amount-hent. The old-fashioned splash Commander sedan. The other is ness and smoothness of opera-ing to only a few pounds to the method, in such circumstances, serving Ralph Hepburn, the race 4i03, ayd its ability

to square inch) could not possibly of would allow a film to be formed, pilot, who is campaigning the big give the owner years of ser-self forec a film between the bear-hat would not keep the bearing board speedways in quest of the vice far beyond the life of other ing surfaces, as the pressure of the sufficiently cool.

| American Automobile Association motor cars using another type of film under load may casily amount

It should be remembered that the racing championship. engine.

to 1,000l. to the square inch or viscosity, or "body," of any oil de

Commanders Stearns Knight distributor more. What actually happens may creases very considerably as it That the Commander, loses none forces are being expanded every-m seen from the large secrets hotter, so that, in an overheat of its speed in spite of the mos! where in proportion to the pro-tional view of the bearing showned bearing the film thins down to severe use was demonstrated not chiction schedules at the factory the lustration. The space be danger point, while at the same long ago on the boards of the At which production is being ween the shaft and the bearing time, the white metal warme up lantic City Speedway during the limited so as to maintain high shell is purposely exaggerated. In until it approaches fusing point unique tests in which women driv quality rather than a large quan- the diagram the shaft is carrying Oil may also become unduly thin byers piloted Studebaker cars in 500

a downward load, and is rotating mixing with petrol passed by the mile endurance runs. tity output.

in a clockwise direction around the pistons when the engine is cool.

One of the cars used was Abe centre point. (B). The load

Minor Bearings

Jenkins' Commander roadster. presses the shaft downwards, but as Parls, such as pistons, which when the first of the four feminine soon as it begins to rotate it has have a rubbing, instead of a rotat-pilots seliled herself behind the pumping action which causes iting action, are naturally very dif-wheel for the start of the run, the to drag round a crescent-like filmficult to lubricate satisfactorily, be specilometer registered just 51,650 In its frame, make a pulp of brown oil until eventually, e point cause they will not automatically miles. puper mashed into a pasty mess

During the next

388 with hot water. Press this well) is shifted to the left of the generate an oil film.

Consequent minates the Commander whirled into the hellow between the frame entre point of the bearing (A) to Ty, all that can be done is to splash around themfie, and a half

an extent dependent on the loadoll on to the surfaces and hope for board speedway at '.an and the glass with a blunt putty

average knife or a fine plece of wood, jam and speed. Consequently, the point the best.

Of course, in the cass speed of 77.21 miles an hour for ing home thoroughly. When this the film where the pressure of a piston the side thrust ls taken 500 infles. fa thoroughly dry, a coat of varniale with the direction in which the pressure is comparatively small

on a large ared so that the actual · Many times 'during the run the will hold it still tighter, and pre-load is neting. This is clearly

speedometer rolled past vent moisture harming it.

shown in the illustration. "High Revving"

GENERAL HINTS

Curing Windscreen Rattle When a glass windscreen rattles

Freeing the Gear Shift

is greatest. is somewhere out of

cer-

4

the

Stili more difficult, to lubricate "eighty" mark. At the end of the Batisfactory are various minor run the pilot who drove the finish- bearings, such as the spring shackle ing lapis was so jubilant over the

It sometimes happens that in cars fitted with right hand gear changes, While this is going on a pin bushes, in which the range of performance of the car that she the driver finds it difficult to move tain amount of oil will naturally movement is comparatively small, kept on going for another five laps. the lever from one position to an- escape at the ends of the bearing while the load le high, and acts al turning them at an average of other. This is particularly common so that it is essential to the working ways in the same direction. The 82.1 miles an hour. with older models. The trouble, is, of "fla iuiniention," as it is called, result is to squeeze the lubricant away from the bearing surfaces,

In most cases, due to the jamming that there, should be a copious aup-while the range of movement is

of the sleeve which carries the hand ply of fresh oil introduced to the hardly sufficient to draw it between seen that the business of lubrica- lever at one end and the selecting bearing at a point that is farthest them again: As a result, the tion is by no means a simple one. lever inside the gearbox at the removed from the high pressure surfaces are greasy, but not film Manufacturers of cars, in conjunc other. It is important, if the section of the film. Furthermore, separated, so that unless they are tion with the various oll companies, driver wishes to retain an easy it is fonnil to be an advantage to gear change, that these sleeves cat creases in the sides as well as of really ample area wear to lable have spent large amounts of money should be kept well ofled, because across the bearing surface, to form left for long without the attention the result that they now know at to be rapid. If such bearings are en research in this direction, with not only is the sleeve to be rotated reservoirs from which the oil in round the shaft, but it has to slide fed to the high pressure.

of a grease gun matters are, of least a little about the problem. The as the driver moves the lever When a film of oll is formed be is largely on account of the difficul- every car Instruction book le net course, made very much warae. It stress that is laid on lubrication in across the gate. Another cause of tween bearing surfaces in this way, ty in providing efficient lubrication merely a "scare" section, but an hard changing in cars having this it will withstand an extraordinarily system is the binding of the sleeve high land without breaking down, for these parts that manufacturore honest endeavour on the part of owing to a slight distortion of the and can be squeezed until it is literare starting to incorporate fabric both manufacturer, and oil man to chassis; that is, If the outer end of ally only

und rubber shackles. Notable assist the driver of a car to get the a few molecules among these are the Belfex-Hobson besarvice and longest life pos the shaft is supported by the thickness. It is, however, essential fabric shackle, and the Silent Bloc sible from I chassis side meniler. The only way that the bearing surfaces should

arca.

to get over this trouble is to brace be smooth, as any projecting surubber bush, as fitted to Chrysler Make it a habit to follow the the chassis in such a way that the faces will bridge the clearance models."

olling hurt, provided with the car From the foregoing it will be religiously,

distortion is minimised.?!

space and rub together, causing

QUIET THAT IS RESTFUL

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1928.

Quiet as a bird in flight, silent even at great specil, giving genuine rest on thousands of noiseless miles—such is the great New Oldsmobile Six.

Rubber and sound-deadening cushions freeing both body and chassis from noises, plus exacting' construction methods found only in the manufacture of the most expensive cars, give you this quiet that is truly restful.

Oldsmoblie owners are now receiving, at a price difficult to believe, the advantages of engineering principles, and master touches of construction, denied to all but the most luxurious car owners.

Why deny yourself these comforts any longer?

OLDSMOBILE

Touring Roadster Sedan (2-door)

Sedan (4-door)

M$2,500.00 .M$2,500.00

·M$2,600.00 - .M$2,800.00

THE DRAGON MOTOR CAR CO., LTD.

Telephone Central 1246 or 1247

WONG NEI CHUNG ROAD, HAPPY VALLEY.

YOU CAN BUY A BIGGER CAR BUT NOT A BETTER ONE.

CHRYSLER

Plymouth

Plymouth 4-Door Saloon

"Can Enough Be Built to Meet the Demand?" That's What They All Ask as

Soon as They See and Ride in This Remarkable Car

The low.. sands who have already priced car inspected the Plymouth market is un

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an entirely new high gineering-

measure of low-priced quality and value,

PLYMOUTH||

The New Plymouth, The hundreds of thou-

And naturally, they have

Price $2,500

asked what is only an obvious question after seeing the new Plymouth -"Can enough be built to meet the demand?”

Be sure to see the new Plymouth. Check it over” in detail. Don't be con tent until you ride in it and drive it. Then you too will ask, "Can enough be built to meet the demand?"

Completely equipped, with leather upholstery.

Sole Agents:

Á. LUNG & CO.

SHOW ROOM:

19, Queen's Road C.

Tel. C1219.

SERVICE STATION)- Percival St, WYanchal, Tel. C. 481525