1928-01-10 — Page 11

TUESDAY, JANUARY 10, 1928.

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Dr. Sun Yat Sen's San Min Chu I'

The Three Principles of the Feople, Translated into English by Frank W. Price; Edited by L. T. Chen. Prio; cloth, 514"X8", $; paper, 5"x7", $2. The Three Principles are the great forces that are now driving Chins forward. This book, published by the China Committee of the Institute of Pacific Relations, is to supply the demand of Westerners and over-sta Chinese who wish to know Dr. Sun's political theories. The translation is complete and faithful to the original. Geographical and historical references have been verified. Brief was to explain familiar names and references have been adder. Each chapter is placed with a brief summary.

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By Dr. O. D. Basiniiwen. Irios, $3.50 This book is cleverly written as an answer to Rodney Gilbert's "What's Wrong with Chitul." It presents the

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A collection of forty-three timely essays on the viul questions confronting China and the world. These readings in current literature öffer practica auggestions for the solution of China's problems. The book is intended for a text for general reading, or readings in Civics and Social Schnee.

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THE CHINA MAIL,

stration the things : which were

From a sluice in Kalawewa the only somewhat loosely proved by his engineers of King Dhatusena. predecessors.". His instrument was without theodolites or levels, and (Continued from Page 2.)...

the creative human intellect, little guided simply by the knowledge if at all alded by any tools or that water flows downhill, con- great cause-the cause of healing

atructed a wonderful canal, called appliances. and alleviation of human suffering by his life-long fight against

Measuring the Earth.

the Yodi-ela, winding in and out But conaldar now the case of between, mountains and extending superstition and magic. Every one of you in the Faculty of Medicine Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who died for fifty miles to the town of owes him an undying debt; and in 195 B.C., and who set himself Anuradhapurs, which It supplies to this day. It is a those of you who go out into China the task of measuring the size of with water to grapple with problems of sanità- this earth upon which we live, only work to which any modern engineer tion and disease among a people very partially explored at that might gladly point as his master- inhabitants of the piece: and it was achieved by whose trust ls still largely placed date by the in geomancy, if I may so translate Mediterranean, and believed by human wit and patience, assisted the phrase fung shui (most men to be flat. The only only by the simplest and most

instrument used by Eratosthenes primitive appliances.

Unfortun- whose belief in demons is still very was a gnomon, that is a 'staff ac ately we do not know the names of real, and much of whose pharmacy erected that the position of its the men who designed and "super- and medicine is to this day non-shadow indicated the hour of the vised the

construction of *this rational, cannot do better than take day. He had ascertained that at glorious work of fine intelligence." the life and work of Hippocrates as Syene, the modern Assuan, on the But what they did has inured to your inspiration. If on

the one day of the summer solstice at noon, the benefit of generation upon hand you admit in humbleness of a well was lit up through all its generation of their fellow-country- heart that fow men can rival in depth by the sun's raya, so that men and still stands as a monument genius the Father of Medicine, yet gyene lay on the tropic. He knew to themselves and their King. on the other hand you may justly that the distance between Syene strengthen yourselves by reflecting and Alexandria that in equipment and in store of acquired medical and general scientific knowledge you are Im measurably better endowed than was Hippocrates.

On Mathematics.

THE

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A Profound Lesson. WAS 5,000 stadio and he made the assumption that

Members of the Congregation of these two towns lay on the same the Hong Kong University! Is meridian.

there not a profound lesson for Accordingly he set up a gnomon ourselves in all this? Are we not at Alexandria and observed that, on lapt to exclaim that here In the day of the summer solstice at Hong Kong University we are call- The Faculty of Arts in this noon, the sun cast a shadow from ed upon to make bricks without University at present includes the the gnomon at an angle equivalent straw? Do wo not say that our study of mathematics. This is as to one-fiftieth of a great circle endowments are insufficient? That it should be, for in art alone is the With these data he calculated the we would achieve much more, if human mind truly creative. and in polar circumference of the earth only we had the money? That we no realm of thought is this fact to be 250,000 stadla, or about are cramped for space in our more apparent than in pure 29,000 miles. His data were in buildings and restricted in our mathematics. Take, for example, accurate and therefore his reault teaching by lack of equipment? All

with

to

character

arithmetic and geometry. The was not correct.

this is true enough and sad enough. most abstract construction of which Modern scientists have deter. Our weapons may be blunt. But human thought is capable is the mined the earth's mean polar cir. surely it will not become us zero of arithmetic, self-identical, cumference to be 24,856 miles. snap them and fling them from incapable of differentiation and But the method of Eratosthenes, our hands. Rather must we stoop Ita quantum insusceptible of in- depending in fact on the compari-to build with worn-out tools the crease or decrease, the very type son of a line measured on the house not made with hands, that and symbol of that existential earth's surface

the corres- marvellous structure of human in identity which forms the. sub-ponding are of the heavena, is telligence and human stratum of thought. We construct precisely that by which modern which wrought with no other ap- the zero of arithmetic as having science with exact data has ar-pliances than fortitude in adversity, neither magnitude nor position.

in patience rived at a correct measurement;

observation, per Let us then restore position and I commend the achievement of cipience in obscurity, daring in while still abstracting extensity. Eratosthenes to the mathematical speculation, caution in reflection, Such a construction is the geome- undergraduates of the

truthfulness in all things and lov trical point or the unit of arith-Faculty as

a remarkable illustra ing-kindness towards metic. Neither can be found any tion of what car be done in and will ever remain the noblest where in rerum nature; but, when applied mathematics with the creation which this earth can show.

symbolised, they form the starting points of the sciences of plane geometry and of pure number.

aimpleat appliances.

True Pioneers.

Arts

I need hardly dwell on the ob

Go further and restore extensity vious fact that in other realms of

construction auch

gress was possible...

Battle Dust,

all men, is

Graduates and Undergraduates of the Hong Kong University Is there not a special lesson herein

It will not become you to hang real pro craven-like along the battle-fringe

as well as position. For example, art-poetry, prose, history, drama, for you too? Men and women alike, take two goametrical points and painting, sculpture-the Greeks you will most of you be called upon! connect them, in the most direct were true pioneers and that their to do your life's work in China;| manner possible. Such a con-wonderful achievements were the and in these days there spreads a struction we call a straight line. work of the creative human intel-cloud of battle-dust But here again

over China, we may make lect with little or no help in the which is no dreamer's vision but a various distinctions according to way of books, libraries, museum or terrible reality from the night of the nature of the extensity we other appliances, and with a legacy which we can nowhere escape. restore. Thus we may concern from the past that had often to be ourselves only with the length of unlearned before any the line neglecting entirely Its breadth. Such a thought-construc-

or to creep away from the field of But in the science, of engineering fight because your swords are not tlon is the geometrical line. Or the case is different. I suppose of keener edge. again we may make a thought the earliest efforts of human en- Here in this University by that it has gineering were employed in impatient and faithful work you must length and breadth without height. proving the cave-dwellings of Such a construction we call a plane primitive man and in the manufac auccour to your fellow-countrymen fit yourselves in due time to bring superficies and it is the abstraction ture of hunting implements. In and to save on which plane geometry is based. both these respects the Greek con- cause of civilisation in China, by a great cause, the Finally we can construct extensity tributions to mankind came com- your heroism and, if it be re- paratively late. Other TRCES, quired of you, by the sacrifice of Egyptian and Mesopotamian were your lives. geometry, which no longer ab- the pioneers. The Greeks perfect- stracts height from length and ed. Moreover, it is

Never in Its history did China the voice of have more bitter need that her sons the engineer which is loudest in and daughters should prove them- We see then, that geometry con- the outery against being required selves to be unselfish, honest, well- structs its definitions, axioms and to make bricks without straw, and taught, well-disciplined, courageous postulates and that even in its most not without reason, for materials and truthful. complicated theorema the progress are necessary

Never had to the

engineer; greater need of that King's son

of three dimensions and this is the fundamental construction of solid

breadth.

she

Bore beset

is by construction. Three straight without them he is severely hand-who, though wounded, lines can enclose a apace, because capped and perhaps cannot work and weaponless will snatch up were we construct them to do so. But at all; while the invention of toola It only a broken sword and lead this is our own constructive act, and appliances is one of the chief men with it to salvation.

glories of the engineer. Thus Archimedes of Syracuse,

one

for otherwise two of the three lines might be parallel, in which

May your country's dire distress case another line crossing them temporary of Eratosthenes, to faspiration! And may your train- a con be to you both a clarion-call and an would not close a space, or each whom he dedicated his Method is ing in this University fit you, of the lines might be in a different famous for inventing

a tubular

and all, to come to the rescue of plane.

acrew, still used in pumping water, The figurea in pure mathematica and for combining pulleys so as to of the world, but now falling in!

a civilisation, once the admiration are such as thought makes them, rafse immense weights. and the elements of which they are

ruin before our eyasi Yet even among engineers the constructed contain only the pro-

greatest Are those who can perties with which thought has transcend the limitations of their endowed them. It is for this rea- environment and who, even if they son that the demonstrations of do not make bricks entirely with- pure mathematics possess a cer-out straw, nevertheless come pretty tainty and universality such as no

near to doing 80. other sciences have achieved. In

uncharted seas.

Irrigation Works.

REBUILDING A BRIDGE.

S.R. Service Alterations.

London, Dec. 1.

the

other words pure mathematica la A good example of what I mean par excellence the science in which are the wonderful irrigation-works

A big engineering job is being bricks are made without straw or, constructed in Ceylon long before undertaken by the Southern Rail- to use A more *appropriate any knowledge of western engineer- way engineers on Sunday in con- metapher, the science in which ing science came to that island. In nection with the reconstruction of thought unaided by anything ex-the latter half of the fifth century a bridge carrying one of the South- ternal to itself sets out on strange A.D. there reigned over Anurad-ern Railway main linea over voyages of exploration through hapura a famous king Dhatusena, River Medway near Maidstone. whose tragic story is one of the This bridge is on the route used as most moving episodes in the annals an alternative to the Tonbridge line Mathematics has truly been of Ceylon. His engineers with for the heavy Continental boat ex- preases running between Victoria called a Greek science and so far local labour and the most primitive and Folkestone and Dover, and in as pure geometry is concerned, the appliances dammed back the order to bring the bridge up to the mathematician's technical equip waters of the Kala-oya and built standard that will take the heavy ment still is almost wholly Greek, the marvellous reservoirs, known as King Arthur and Lord Nelson class The first great name is that of Kalawews and Balaluwewa, which engines now hauling these trains, Thales of Mlletus (about 624-547 originally had an area (it is said) it has been necessary to reconstruct it completely. The lines between B.C.), to whom are attributed the of 40 miles in circumference and Maidstone and Barming will be an- theorems that a circle is, bisected extended as far as Dambulla.

tirely closed on Sunday to railway!

Euclid of Alexandria.

by any diameter; that the angles The total length of the combined traffic, in order to allow the old at the base of an isosceles triangle dams of these two reservoirs is timber flooring of the bridge to be are equal; that, if two straight about six miles and they are in replaced by the now steel floor, lines cut one another, the vertically places as much as 60 feet high. which is 125ft. long and 26ft. wide, opposite angles are equal; that, if Therefore, the labour Involved in and weighs 180 tons. This work two triangles have two angles and their construction must have bean will necessitate the temporary re- moval of both railway tracks for a one side respectively equal, the enormous, far exceeding anything distance of about fifty yards, and triangles are equal to all respects; accomplished in Hong Kong, where during the twenty-six hours this and that the angle in a semi-circle we are so justly, proud of our re-work is in progress passengers will is a right angle. Aservoirs. Much of the work has be conveyed between Maidstone His greatest воссевног was stood the test of time; and to-day, East and Barming stations by a ser Euclid of Alexandria, whose when the reservoir is full and one vice of motor omnibuses... Certain Elements in thirteen books, was approaches. It by road, there is a slight altérations have also had to still the work from which I was fine view from the foot of a little be made in the train service be bought geometry as a school-boy: forest-covered hill over about eight Maidstone East) on that day

tween Victorix and Ashford (via Euclid flourished about 300 B.O.; square miles of water with distant pamphlet giving the full service is and, as Proclus said of him, he mountains in the background." Nor obtainable at Southern Railway ata- "brought to Irrefragable demon-i fa this all-

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