1927-10-10 — Page 2

China Mail 德臣西報 中國郵報 All

HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI

BANKING CORPORATION.

*Authorland Capital.

Lanai and Fully Paid-up ....

Hang Punda pir

Sterling £6,000,000

MİLYON *********4813,400,000

$60,000,000 $30,000,000

Samarys Llabdity of Proprietors....$20,000,000

HEAD OFFICE: HONGKONG,

M

OGUET OF DIRECTORS :- Hon. Mr. D. G. M. Barnard,

Chairman,

A, Il, Dompton, Mag. Deputy Chairman,

W. It. Ball, 'Kaq,

· Kgs. Brown Kaq,

+ A- Mazgowan, Bag. -

W. E, Faltendon, Hej,

T, G. Waall, Esq.

11. P. White, Kaq.

Chief Managat

0.0.8. Stacie, Kaq.

lan. Mr. 4. O. Ilyaws, BRANCHES-

AMOY.

BANGKOK

BATAVIA

BOMBAY VALUSTTA

CANTON

OH TOD

COLOMBO,

DAIKIN KOOCHOWI

HAIPHONG

MAMBURO

HANHOW

LLALBIN

HONGEEW

Wat

2100

JONORE

КОВЕ

KUALA

LUMPUA

LONDON LYONS MALACCA MAMULA

MOUKDEN

NAGASAKI

NEW YORK

PRKINO

PENAKO

RANGOON

SAIGON

HAN FRANĢIьOO

BBAKORA

BINGAPORE

SOURABAYA

BUNGHI PATANI TIENTSIN TOKYO

THİNGTAO

КОКОНАМА !!

Chart Aoasta opened in Local Varrency and Fixed Deposite required for que yanz or aborter periods in Local Darmacy and String Da terma which will bequatai on applioxyJul

Hong Kong, 13th September, 1037,

HONGKONG SAYINGS BANK.

The Bulawe of die' abore Bank in con- ducted by the HONGKONG AND BUANOUAI BANKING CORPORATION, Halse may be adained on application,

FOR TUN HONGKONG ★ SHANGHAI MABILINU CORPORATIUN,

♣ C. Eynes,

Chief Manager

Mongkong, 13th September, 1987.

BANQUE DE L'INDO-CHINE. .

* HEAD OFFICE:

96, Boulevard Haussman, Paris.

Subscribed Capital...Fra.72,000,000,00 Pet-Up Capital ..Frs.65,400,000.00 Reserva Fund

..Eta.89,884,519,10

BEANCHES:

Bangkok Hanoi

行銀曲工法中

BANQUE FRANCO-CHINOISE

pour le

Commerce et L'industrie (Incorporated in France)..

5. Chater Road, Victoria, Hong Kong.

HEAD OFFICE: 74, Rus`St, Lazaro, Parts.

Capital fully paid up ....Fru.40,000,000 Special working capital...Frs.50,000,000 .Frs.13,276,000 Reserves...

BRANCHES:

Marseilles

Haiphong Hanoi

Paris

Lyens

Saigon Peking

Shanghai Tientsin Hongkong Phon Ponh

BANKERS:

FRANCE: Bociate Generale, Banque Nationale de Credit, Banque de Paris et des Pays Bas. LONDON: Midland Bank Ltd.

NEW YORK:rving Bank Columbia

Trust Co.

JAPAN'S FINANCE.

STRAIGHT HINT FROM AMERICA.

HOW TO RAIIE LOANS.

Tokyo, Saturday..

THE CHINA MAIL,

COMMERCE

AND

FINANCE.

CHINA BUSINESS.

AMERICA SEKS SPLENDID FUTURE.

China is the country America le looking to and when China begins to clean house there will be some FIVE YEAR TRUCE, splendid business opportunities. In every line. Even now, business con- ditions are almost better than one could expect under the unsettled status of affairs, -

Such is the opinion of M... Polin,

ADVOCATED IN BRITISH INDUSTRY.

MONDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1927.

RUSSO-ASIATIC BANK

STATUS IS QUESTIONED BY DEPOSITOR

case,

a

BOILS MEAN BAD BLOOD.

Dr. Williams' Pink Pills Banish Bolls By Purifying and Enriching The Blood.

puscles...

branch of the Russo-Asiatic Bank, As a depositor in the Shanghai Dr. G. Cornet, an American real- dent of Shanghai, published in the break out on your body it is a sure When boils, or othor eruptions, Russian

newspaper, "Shanghat sign that your blood is in bad condi the Russo-Asiatic Bank intend to you until blood is made pure and Zarya," a letter asking "When does; tion. They will continue to trouble fulfill its obligations to its cliente ? good. As a remedy in many forms This question has been worrying of skin disorder Dr. Williams' Pink. depositors for more than a year, the Pills have given splendid results, "Zarya" states.

Dr. Cornet asks that the liquide directly on the blood stream, purify- A five-year truce In British in-

the reason being that these Pills act dustry is suggested by Sir William of the Oll Export Company of Call- tion commission of the bank give ing it, enriching it, and rapidly J. Noble, chairman of the Cairn fornia, who, with Mrs. Felin, is full reply in the same medium increasing the number of health- Lino and former president of the now in Tientsin on a combined busi- within three days' time, otherwise Mr. Thomas Lamont, the New Chamber of Shipping, in a letter to reas and pleasure trip through the he will be "obliged to call on legal giving, strength-buliding, red cor- York banker, the nature of whose the London "Times." He suggests Orient. It will last several months. authorities for assistance." visit with Mr. Jeremiah Smith is that this period of respite from

"For almost a year," says Mr. the subject of much speculation, strikes and lockouts be utilised for kerosone in the world, according to China is the largest consumer of

Charles Hedge, of South Woodslee, speaking at the Japan-America the development of a new spirit ir Folly, her gross consumption on some of the things which he had remedies but they did not help me Ontario, Canada, "I was a great Society's dinner, stated that though | Industry

sufferer from bolls. I tried several Messrs. Morgan's were

ng tho basis of better 1926 amounting to 260,000,000 been led to believe would prove the and I was becoming thin and looked always understanding between workers and ready to do their best to facilitate employers leading to the goal of in- petroleum products, chiefly kero- gallona. And the demand for

worn out. I was advised to take This is the second visit of the Dr. Williams' Pink Pills and did so Every description of Banking and the flotation of Japanese loans on dustrial peace.

sene, is increasing constantly not- Polins to Tientsin in the American market, Japan, if she

"The real issue, in my judgment," withstanding China's difficulties. of his journey which has taken in appeared and I have not been Exchange Business Transacted.

wishes to raise money in America. Sir William writes, "is not between Polin's company is the foreign the Philippines, South, Central and troubled with them since. In other the course with the result that the boils dis- respondents throughout the world.

must firstly adopt modern and more the 'ism' and another. No system marketing organisation of the Call Northern China, Manchuria and ways, too. I feel better." -A. ROLLIN,

effective industrial methods to im- however perfect in theory, can of it fornía Petroleum Corporation, one Japan. They were held up at prove her industries; and, second- self solve our present troubles. of the loading distributors of petro- Dairen on account of the cholera lame Pink Pills are also a proved Hong Kong, 21st April, 1927.

ly, offer attractive securities. With There are three essential elements teum in America and China.

Acting through the blood Dr. Wil- reference to the latter, which is sine in every industry-labour, manage THE CHARTERED BANK OF

epidemic, missing their boat by remedy for nerve troubles, digestive qua non, Mr. Lamont emphasised ment, capital-and each in turn has several months now and in contact were impressed by the progress and the special ailments of ladies. Though Polin has been in China three minutes only. In Dairen they weakness, neuralgia, rheumatism, that "the security which would be its own Utopia, interesting for with many Chinese, he declares his evidenced in the beautiful buildings Your chemist supplies them, or post INDIA, AUSTRALIA & CHINA.

welcome to the British investor e academic discussion, but of Ettle relationships with them both in and the general cleanliness every free, $1.50 per bottle, 6 bottles for Incorporated by Royal Chater, 1863. not always welcome to the Amer-present practical value.

business and socially have been ex- where.. Polin regards this territory $8, from the Dr. Willams' Medicine HEAD OFFICE: LONDON,

can."-Reuter,

"What is needed is not a new tremely pleasant, quite contrary to as especially promising.. Paid-up Capital

system, but a new spirit-the sub-

Co., 60 Kiangse Road, Shanghai. Reserve Fund

stitution of co-operation, sympathy Roserve Liability of Proprie

and confidence for antagonism, sus- tors

dustrial peace lies. It would lead to that wider distribution of wealth which is one of the greatest safe- guards a nation can have. The first duty of all employers is to recognise the aspiration of labour for a higher order of life is a thing to be encouraged and helped. Many do so but not yet all.

Cor

Manager.

.£3,000,000 £4,000,000

£3,000,000 HONG KONG TRADE.picion and mistrust. That way in-

Agencies and Branches:

ALON STAD

(Mining States)

AMRITSAR

BANGKOK BATAVIA BOMBAY DALOUTTA GANTON JAWNPORE СЕБИ COLOMBO DELHI HAIPHONG HAMBURG HANKOW HONG KON HOLLO IPOH

KARAUSII

KLANG

KOBX

KUALA KANGSAR

Perak, (V.M.8.)

KUALA LUMPUL

KVOIDING

MADRAS

MANILA

MKDAN NEW YORK PKKING PENANG PRIKAWAL FURET RANGOON BAIGON BEMARANG SKREMDAN SHANGHAI SINGAPORE NOURABAYA TAIPING ___[{T.M.8,} TÁVOY TIENTSIN TOKYO

THINGTAO

YOKOHAMA

ZAMBOANGA

(Philippine Islands)

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE REPORT.

The fortnightly market report of the Hong Kong Ge..eral Chamber of Commerce, states:

Cotton Picce Foods-Nothing to report, market very quiet. The latest quotations are those of the 4th inst. Eg. Shakel. 19.20d. and Mid. Amer. "Spot" 11.82d.

The Acid Test,

HONG KONG MARKET PRODUCE.

"Another matter which the em ployers must considor is how far Beef Sirloin it is possible to give effect to the

# Prime Gut

Cotton yarn. Market remains not unnatural desire on the part nominally unchanged since our last of the workers to have a larger report and no business has trans-share in the activities of the indus-

Foreign Exchange and General Bank-pired during the interval. Nominal try on which their well-being, de-

Pondicherrying bualness transacted.

bettambang Hong Kong Saigon Cantho Mengtze Shangmi Cauton Nam-Dinh Singapore

Dubouti Noumea

Tientala

Fort-Bayard Papeete Tourane Haiphong

Puking Yunnanfu Backow F P'nom-Penh

BANKERS:

IN FRANCE: Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris; Crodit Lyonnais; Banque de Paris ut des Pays-Bas; Credit Industriel et Commercial; Boclete Generale.

IN LONDON: The National Pro- vincial & Union Bank of England, Ltd.; Comptoir National d'Escompta Pirls: Credit Lyonnais.

ول

IN NEW YORK: J. P. Morgan &

Current Accounts opened and Fixed Deposits received for 1 year or shorter periods at rates which will be quoted on application.

J. R. GEORGE,

Manager. Hong Kong, 7th March, 1927.

THE BANK OF TAIWAN, LTD.

(TAIWAN GINKO).

HEAD OFFICE:-Taipeh, Formoza. Incorporated by Special Imperial Charter, 1899,

Central Bank in Formosa.

Co.; French American Banking Cor-Bank-Notes issued poration; Guaranty Trust Co. of New York.

Average amount Yen 45,000,000

quotations are as follows:-

pends. Some firms have tried the experiment of having as represen No. 103. $170/190. No. 123. tative of the workers as a co-opted: $175/135. No. 168. $195/200. No. member of the board of directors, 208, $210/215. Arrivals Ni). Ship-but that is a development which, if ments 4,600 bales, Bargains 11,000 made prematurely, would result in the workers' distrusting their own representatives so honoured.

bales.

Woollens. Clearances are fair but there is no new business to re-

port.

APPROXIMATE

Butcher Meat.

J

Corned

Roast

E

Breast

Soup

#

Steak

#

JJ

Steak Sirloin Sausages

Bullock's Brains...

12

Tongae, fresh..

15 Tongue, corned

Tall Liver

Trips

#4

2K

RETAIL PRICES.

Poultry.

Capons, Smal

DU IKKE ##KISH UK LE

Oct. 7, June, June. 1927. 1818, 1914. Cts. Ct. Ct.

45. 80

each-

per

18

22

21

22 21

doz. 80.

30 25

24

24

៖ នŞ | នគិតគឺ|

70 36

អូនត៧ដ I ឥឥ | | គ | | |

គឺ គឹអន អ៊ូ គ ភគីភីឌĒ

| ៩ |}}

| | | | |.

སྟེ བ ར འཚོལ བབྱེ ད མཙྩེ ྤ

Pigeons, Canton

Holhow

Turkeys, Cock

Turkeys, Hen

Pheasant

Quail Partridges

本地 澤廟 炸:

#sach 55

海口购

Fruits.

each

pair

each

Oct. 7, Juno, June,

1827. 1918. 1914.

Cts. Cle. Ct.

牛靶

fb.

28

24 - 12

Chicken

29

23

12

#

23.12

Capons, Large

28

22

Duck

24

18

Doves

28

20

+

18

Eggs, Hen (cooking)

28 24

22

+

Egga, Hea (fresh)

40

85

Fowls, Canton

新鮮絡號

40

24

20

Fowls, Hainan

per set 15

12

Geers

Mexch 65

60 80

60

Head

#

+

Heart

>$1.20

-$1.20

Ib.

24

*

P

Hump, Yait Feet

24 90 18

TJ

Snipe

Eldboys

each 8

10

15 10

12 12

20 29

lb.

24

7

·18

G

7

met $1.20 $1.00 $1.00

Ib.

48.. 28

*48'

20

46

24

40

Almonds

#

b.

00

35

35

M

Brains

27

"

Apples (California):

Foot

Per set 8

12

金山洋菓

20

#7

Fry

Ib.

18. 16.

4

28

18

"

18

12

Head

19

16

20

Heart

Lemons, Chios...

Beach 19

10

each 15 10 10

lb,

12

བྷ་

21

Kidneys

15 10

全山棒線 each

27

Liver

17

lb.

48

24

荔枝干1b.

25

Pork Chop

36 25

28

."

Leg

38

Loin

42

60 70

#

Fat or Lard

24

70

Pientain

cach

12

15

10

Pomelo, Siam

Walnuts

48

20

20

Ib.

20 25

Grapes

-30

20 18

jo

.26

80

20 19

40:20

20

$2

The workers, however, have it in their own hands. By care and thrift they can either indivi- Raw Cottons-No anles to re-dually or collectively through their port.

own organisations qualify for repre- Metals. In spite of lower quota-sentation on the board. It is along tions from London, very small bust- these lines that real democratic ness has been booked. Bars and control might become operative. Angles are on offer from $3.85 to right men in the right places Calves' Head & Feet.

By that method and by putting the $8.90 without buyers. Wire Nallathey would demonstrate 1-8 in. are reported done in small an educated democracy can re-

that Matton Chop quantities as low as $7.15.

Galvd. congise its own aristocracy. That 染 Wire 18/22 Gauge has been booked is the acid test which, if success- Interest allowed on Current Accounts JAPAN: Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe, at $11.00 to 11.30, but buyers show fully passed, forms the vindication Pig's Chitlings

little keenness. Locally prices are of democracy, whether in the indus- FORMOSA: Giran, Kagi, Karenko, steady, but little business has been trial or political field.

Kealang, Makong, Nanto, Shin- done, and onquiries from consuming chiku, Taichu, Tainan, Takao,

districts are on a small scale. Tubes, Tamsut, Toen, Heita, Taito. CHINA: Shanghai, Hankow, Amoy, Galvd. 62 per cent.;; black 73 per

Foochow Swatow,

cent. Tinplates, 110 lbs., $10.40; OTHERS: Hong Kong, Singapore, 100 lbs., $9.80 (nom),

Soerabaya, Semarang, Batavia, Bombay, Calcutta, London, New York, Dairen.

and Fixed Deposita according arrangements.

to

Every description of Banking and Exchange Business transacted. Safe Deposit Boxes to let.

CH. LEM

Manager

Hong Kong, 28th February, 1927.

NEDERLANDSCHE HANDEL MAATSCHAPPIJ.

INETHRELANDS TRADING SOCIETY)

BANKNES

Established 1014.

Hong Kong Oños :-il Qanon's Road Contes Authorised Capital ........... Gulder 150,000,000

Paid Up Capital.

Bevera Punds

(112,100,000) Gaildo 80,000,000- ($20,000,070.) Guildors 1,000,

Head ÒMoo!-AMSTERDAM”“)," Eastern Head Ofoes–BATAVIA, BRANDIIAH:-Bandjermasin, Baudowy), Som- bar, Calcutta Cheribond- dal, Djember, Njokýakarta), The

Hota-Kadja Modan Kadang Falembang. Pekalongan Fong, Pontianak, Bangoan, Kotzeniam )) Kamarnagh Waghal, dibelga (Sumatr Sonrabala, Boera karta (Hola), Tegal, Tilia}}up | and Westauradan.")

*) Thess offices have sate depoal: boxes to ist.

Kondax Bankeric National Prorinošal Bank, Ltd.

Correspondents all over the world

Banking business of Yorr devoriptlası transacted, “

G. STEENSTRA

1. Hongkong, Suraj July, 1927,

Manager.

BRANCHES AND AGENCIES:

Osaka.

Canten.

LONDON BANKERS:

gestion, for which, I fear, some of "I should like to make one sug- the leaders of trade unionism are not yet prepared-that is, to change their attitude with regard to the principle of payment by results. Flour Market report. Stock: Most of us require an incentive to American 300,000 bags, Canadian sustained effort, A fixed rate of | 100,000 bags, Australian 15,000 wages for a given number of hours cannot provide it. It is the inalien-

#

Leg Shoulder

17

Saddle

牛油

2+12$59QEZEQEREMUEBLESSÉBITSOBSCENAROBEBAIXO

$ # 8

The London County Westminster and bags. Markot: Small, and general" able right of every man to improve

Parr': Bank.

ly dull. Quotations: American his position by Increased effort if Shoop's Head & Feat.. per set 85 The Bank har Correspondents in the Commovetat Patent $4.80 per sack, American he wishes to do so and the oppor Contro la the European Continent, Komis, Min churia, Taingtao, Japan, Indo-Chlos, gim. 1 Straight, 53.12-$3.35 per sack; tunity presents itself.

Stc.

and Back; Australian No. 1, $3.45 per

Fadippine Islands, Jara, Attica, U.9.A., Australia, American Cut off, $3.15:$3.40 per

Intarsi, allowed on Current Accounts, Fixed Deposits at rates which will be quoted on application, Deposita tri Yen can be accepted

J. IHARA,

Manager. HONG KONG BRANCH:

3, Des Voeux Road Central. Hong Kong, 22nd September, 1987..

.

THE BANK OF CHINA..

行銀國中

(pecially Authorised by Presidential

Mandate of the Republic of China on the 22nd of November, 1917).

Autherised Capital Pald-up Capital Reserve Fund 1:

.$60,000,000,00 18,278,000.00

9,629,425.24

HEAD OFFICE: PEKING,

HONG KONG BRANCH:

4, Queen's Road Central,

London Bankers: The National Pro-

Mutual Interests.

kill ambi-

re-

Vp

P

Heart Kidneys Liver

Mutton

"Perhaps the greatest weakness Backing Pigs, to order. sack; Canadian Cut off, $8.12-$3.18 of the present methods of trade Suat, Beef por sack; Canadian Straight, $3.10- unioniem lies in the tendency to $3.15 per sack; Canadian Mixture, destroy incentive,. to $8.00 per sack; Canadian 2nd Clear, tion, to stereotype mediocrity, and Veal $2.90 per sack.

to perpetuate a false class dlátine- 13 Sausager Window Glass Market very tion. It is mainly by intentive quiet.

production that costs can be Saltpetre,

duced, and it is only by reducing Stocks 18,000 bags. costs of production that markets Duli market with downward ten can be secured, employment main- Barbel dency of the market.

tained and cuta in wages avoided Bream or delayed.

Canton Freib "But if and when wage cuts are Water Fish. necessary they ought not to be confined to wage earners, managers,

Carp directors, clerka

and foremen Catfish

WAGES IN JAPAN.

The returns of the Department should all join in the sacrifice that Codfish of Commerce and Industry in Japan as to be made. That would de- Craba show that the general average of monstrate the mutuality of all in- Cattle Fish wage Index numbers for August interests. Further, if a reduction has Dab 18 principal cities (wages for the to be made in the competitive pace Branches and Sub-branches all over three years from 1928 to 1926 be- trades, it should be followed by a China and Correspondents in Europe, of 0.4 per cent. In comparison with sheltered trades. That would pracele, Conger

ing taken as 100) was 100.7, a fall corresponding reduction in the

Dog Fish THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, America, and other parts of the world. the previous, month. Of 52: kinda tically reduce the cost of living and Fresh

LIMITED.

vincial and Union Bank of England, of business, for the month under the lower remuneration imposed on Frogs

increase the purchasing power of Yellow Ltd.

view, 10 show a rise in wage, 17 a Established 1880.

Trust Company of fall and 25 no change. Contrasted all. That would be true socialism Garoupa Capital (fully paid-up) Yen 100,000,000

with August one year earlier, then practice, constructive in alm, Gudgeon New York Bankers: The Irving general average of wage index nun ethical in character and Just in Reserve fund

Yen D6,500,000 National Bank,

bert for the month under review application.". Head Office:-YOKOHAMA. Branchos, and Agencies at:

Alexandria,

Batavia.

Bombay,

Buenos Ayres, Calcutta,

Carton.

Changchun.

Newchwang New York

Onaka

Peking. Rangoon Elo de Janeiro. Salgon.N San Francisco. Fangten (Mukden). Seattle.

Semarang Shanghai Shimonosek

'Dairen (Dalny).

Hamburg.

The Equitable Trust Company of show a decline of 1.7 per cent. Now York,

Interest allowed on Current Accounta

and Fixed Deposits. Terms on applica

How, Bra

Every description of Banking Bual- THE BANK OF EAST ASIA, LTD.

ness transactodika

····Loans' granted on approved securities, Special facilities for Home Exchange

SHOU, J. CHEN,"

Manager.

THE BANK OF CANTON, LTD.

Established:1912

Hankow,

Harbin

Hoa oh.

Sydney. Tientsia

Prid: Clas

Vladi

Clored)

Head Office Hong Kong.

pital (ELI) Garren07).4-31,000,000

HEAD OFFICE; HONGKONG,

10, Des Voeux Road Central, Hongkong. "Authorized Capital .41′ 100,000 0,000,000 1,200,000

Paid-up Capital Boserve

BRANCHES AND AGENCIES Bateria Bombay

Francisco Beattle!!

pore

LONDON BANNE

Calcutta Canton Haiphong Peris Honolulu Kobe Kowloon London Makila

Correspon of the world?

very

Taip Tientalt

Herrings

Halibut

Labrus

Loach

Lobsters

JAPAN'S RICE CROP.

Mackerel

Monk Fish Mullet

Tokyo, Octal The Department of Agriculture Oyst and Forentry places the estimated Parro rice crop for the present year at Pare 61,942,000 koku (one koku equals Pike 4.96 bushels) The Agures show Plates an increase by 5,910,000 koku a Pon compared with the yield of the pre-

lous yearToho:

•£*$1,000,000 GIFTED TO OSAKA

*

#

* * * * * * *83998 [2Я----88821112ARA1****** |

No.

Fish.

lb. 32

19 24

36 20 16

E ENIGIENE BET

86 12

21

29 16

.28

16

28

14

109

Bananas (bride's)

Carambola

Cocoanuta

LADE DE REN NE SE ###-

Lemons (America) Lichees, Dried

Oranges (Canton)

Orangen

Pears (Canton)

Peanuts i

Persimmons, Large'

新會差

Vegetables, &c.

each

28 18 16

28 16 [27

9

42 20 25

35 23 20

108

40 16

20 10 18

40 25 30

32 25 40

1816

22 18 20:1828

85 22:18

65 22 24

Artichokes

Beans, Spront

A Long

Beet Root

Bitter Squash Brinjale, Green

Bod

Cabbage, Chinese

(Shanghai).

Cane Bhoots, bunch

Cauliflower" (Lärge):

(Medium):

(Small)

Carrots Celery Chinese Chillies,-Pried

Red

Green

Carry Shad Cucumbers

Garlie

Ginger, Young

Horserad

Indian Lettuce

Water

each

80

168221

18

24

15. LEBTS | § . . 5 | | | I.

Interest allowed on Currerit accounts. Deposita received for fixed parloda at

be out had on söylentionA

AFE

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