1927-08-13 — Page 11

SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, 1927.

KAIPING COAL

FOR ALL PURPOSES

HOME,

FACTORY

AND

BUNKERS

POWER

HOUSE

TUGS &

LOCOS

THE KAILAN MINING ADMINISTRATION.

Head Office:-TIENTSIN.

Agents:-DOWELL &CO., LTD., Hongkong.

Hong Kong's Artistic Photographers PHOTO TAKEN, DAY AND NIGHT

The

YING MING STUDIO

No. 50-52, Queen's Road Central.

DEVELOPING, PRINTING AND ENLARGING." (Official Photographers of the "China Mail.")

好彩

GOOD LUCK

"GOOD LUCK"

BRAND

i

NEW SEASON GINGER

Most reliable, good strong colour, mellow and well preserved.

The China Ginger Preserving Co., Ltd.

No. 16, Banham Strand, East

Telephone C. 989

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The World's Favorite Brand.

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· Ltd.

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General and Commercial Printers. and Bookbinders.

BOOKBINDING IN ANY STYLE FROM PAPER COVERS TO FULL, LEATHER EFFICIENTLY COMPLETED PRICE MODERATE.

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OUR SERVICE AT YOUR DISPOSAL

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5, Wyndham Street, Telephone Central 22,

THE CHINA MAIL.

MOTORING SECTION

MECHANICAL NOISES great extent such noises can be,

SOURCE OF ELUSIVE ENGINE

SOUNDS.

DODGE ENGINES.

SEALED AGAINST GRIT AND DUST,

reduced by careful can design, and this point will be discussed later; but in any case it is neces- sary to leave a small gap at the It is a matter of common know-tappets, so that the final closing

Probably no single mechanical ledge that as soon as the exhaust of the valve is purely spring-con- feature now in uae is more effec noise of a motor cycle is quiatened trolled.

tive in prolonging the life of a several irritating mechanical A very simple experiment can motor car than the air cleaner de noises at once leap into promin- be tried to prove that this noise vice. The cleaner is now standard ence. They were there before, of is quite audible. If a cylinder equipment on Dodge Brothers' course, but were deadened by the with valves fitted on the bench motor cara, and is very simple in beat of the exhaust note; and and held firmly while a valve is construction, consisting of only the they are now all the more irritat-opened by some means just a frac- outer shell and the fan. The ing in that they are not heard on tion of an inch and then suddenly cars and that their source seems released, the valve can easily be to be indeterminate-now appar- heard loudly clanging down on to ently definitely located in the tim- its seating. The acceleration ob- ing gear, now almost certainly intained in this way is certainly the primary chain, and now in very much higher than when the the gear box.

clarifying of the air is accomplish- ed by centrifugal force that in the rotation of the fan, through which ticles of dirt against the side of the all the air paases, throws the par- outer shell, and they drop through the bottom of the cleaner, allowing valve closing is controlled by the only the clean air to pass through Any rider who has passed along cam; but at high rates of revolu- to the combustion chambers. When a road fenced off with posts and tions, even when the valve clear- | we realise that an automobile en- wire must have noticed that he ances are very small, and even gine breathes as much as from 50 can hear himself passing each with the slow closing curve that to 100 times the air that we do we separate post. The noise of the can be obtained by masking the can readily see that the air cleaner, machine's motion is reflected back inlet valve, the valve still strikes by preventing dirt and grit from from each post to the rider's car; its seating with considerable mixing with the engine lubricant. and although this characteristic force.

ensures longer life in the main and noise is heard in exactly the same

It will be understood that wide connecting rod bearings, the pie- way and in the same volume on

valve clearances immediately

tons and rings and the cylinder walla. ears, yet there is on analysis a involve a great amount of valve distinct though subtle difference clatter; and in the design, there- in the quality of the noise. Com-fore, considerable attention has to pared with the steady, surf-like be given to the temperatures of whish from the tyres in the case the various engine parts and to of the car, there is in the motor expansion co efficients, do that as cycle echo an undercurrent of far as possible the valve clearance clicking and jingling-definitely may remain the same throughout mechanical noise.

the normal range of engine tem- It is these noises, then, which perature, and may as far as pos- have lately been brought to the sible change but little from the designer's notice by the present-minimum setting when the engine day quietening of exhaust notes, is cold, and which must be eliminated to The third cylinder noise is gen- produce a more perfect motor cycle. They can conveniently be divided into two classes: engine noises, and gear box and trans- mission noises.

According to figures furnished. by the Professora of Automotive Testing Laboratories of Purdue University. 50 per cent. of the wear and tear on an engine is caused by road dirt and doat which enter through the intake. Likewise this same dust combining with the oil of the engine is the chief ingredient of the so-called carbon which no- cumulates in the combustion cham- ber. It is appreciated by the auto- in equipping their car with an air erally known as piston slap. This cleaner have eliminated 85 per cent. Dodge Brothers' is, of course, particularly notice-engineers in testing the new device able on sports machines fitted in the dustiest desert they could find with aluminium pistons, where, in North America declared it to owing to the double expansion measure un to Dodge Brothers" coefficient of aluminium in com- exacting high standards. parison with cast iron, large

Taking the first class, this can further be classified under three sub-headings, cylinder and silen-clearances have to be allowed be- cer noises, crankcase noises, and tween the piston and cylinder timing gear noises:

walls, especially at the piston As to cylinder and silencer crown above the rings. Even on noises, there are, of course, differ-engines with cast-iron pistons this ences in the amount of noise from noise is still present. these sources on different types of

Its cause is the reversal of machine. Although audible on piston side thrust at the top dead certain two-strokes, the actual centre of the compression stroke, sound of the explosion, termed when the rise of gas pressure "cylinder ring," is but rarely takes place due to the firing of the heard on present-day engines, charge. It must be remembered especially of sports type, in spite that throughout most of the four of the fact that modern engines stroke cycle it is 'the momentum produce more powerful explosions of the flywheels which is causing than did the old low-compression the engine to revolve; and there- units. The increased heat gener-fore on the compression and ex- ated by burning the fuel in a more hause strokes the flywheels drive efficient way has necessitated the piston up the cylinder with a thick cylinder heads and walls and considerable thrust, against the deep finding, so that the sound of front wall, due to the angularity the explosion is deadened, except, of the connecting rod. of course, when knocking or de- tonation takes place."

At top dead centre the connect- ing rod is vertical, and there is then no side thrust, and when the Cylinder "Ring.”

piston again descends on the inlet The noise, however, is still stroke the thrust is still against being generated, and adds its the front cylinder wall. On the quantum to the total mechanical explosion stroke, however, the noise; and it has been found bene-case is altered, and the pressure of ficial on some cylinder designs to the burning gases drives the minimise this ring by joining up piston sharply over against the the horizontal fins by vertical ribs rear cylinder wall, causing a sharp at two, three, or four points round hammering knock. the walls of the cylinder.

|

mobile driver that Dodge Brothers

of this trouble.

KEEPING A FIRM CONTROL

Anything which makes for greater safety and which can also be carried out at very little cost or trouble should at once commend It- self to the motorist.

at intervale round its circumfer-

DAILY CROSS-WORD. PUZZLE.

(This cross-word puzzle has been made by an expert but our readers are warned to look out for occasional phonetic spellings, such as karbor, plow, and althó.)

12

13 H

15

6

7 A

[14

B

12 13

15

.. 17

18

19

20

6

22.

123

24

25

R6

27

13

30

10

33

341

36

37

38

139

40

42

43

[84]

45

146

#7

49

50

54

HORIZONTAL

155

THE INTERNATIONAL SYNDICATE.

[ HORIZONTAL (Cont) 1-What is the great 42-Cleanse

vulture of the Andes 44-Prefix. Form of "ex"

calfed?

45-What do you call a

master of literary stylo?

6-The part that is

within

11-To affirm

|48-One (Scot.) 12-Eighth month of Ro-149-What are the lowest

man your (abbr.) 14-To pull with force 18-Name the Egyptian

aun-ged 10-What Italian poet

wrote "Orlando Furleso"?

19-A musical note 20-Censuro 21-Englan

+

22-To designate a per

son for a position 25-And not 28-African antelope 29-A vegetable $1–Passajaway in

church

12-Not at any time 43-Part of the body 34-Large wash basin 16-Find fault contin ⚫ually 38-Withdrew 40-Wha la man's arch-

enemy1

tides called? 31-A sense organ 52-What is another

VERTICAL (Cont.) 10-Who was Elijah's

Buccaner? (Bible) 13-What palm-trée pro-

duces coconuta? 17-Serving to repel 18-Those who offer 23-To double in narrow

folds 1

24-Hidden

20-A acull

29-What Is mightier than the sword? 30-Time-period 33-To concur

$5-What is the violet

family of plants called?

37-What is the most

name for soapatonul 27-Edge 54-Superior mental endowment 156-The highest point

VERTICAL 1-What does a dia. mond consist of? 2-Roughly elliptioni A compass point

(abbr.) 4-What is another

nams for a play? 5-What la “klag” in

French 2 6-Possessive pronoun 7-Brlet

8-N. central State

(abbr.)

-Who was Italy's

greatest modern tragic actress?

famous country of. 6. Europe?

SB-Who wrote the Tälem of Munchausen? 39-The same thing

repeated

41-At sen 43-Austion |46-Still

by

47-Man's name |50-Short for "Albert" |63–What is the chemical

symbol for aliver?

(The solution of the above cross-word puzzle will appear in Monday's issue along with a new cross-word puzzle.)

WHEN OVERHAULING.

When the cylinder block of an

When the grip of the driver's hands is made less sensitive by heavy gloves, it is well to slip over the brake handle a tight-fitting piece of rubber tube, which will offer a good hold and incidentally is leas chilly to the touch than the metal. Spoed drivers frequently nut a few inches of binding on to the spoken of the steering wheel and ence. The owner-driver also can easily do this and the binding will engine has been removed during an enable him to have a much better over-haul there is always the risk hold on the wheel. If good quality of a piston turning sharply on its cord, such as cotton whiplash of little-end bearing and cracking a a dark colour, is used, then the piece out of the skirt by knocking work will be quite attractive. in against the connecting red. appearance as well as useful.. can be prevented by tightly pack- The covering of the control ing the insides of the pistons with pedals with leather or rubber fabric paper, so soon as the block is lifted (such as a piece of old outer tyre) suficiently clear. prevents the risk of the foot slip- ping off the clutch or brake and the foot from the heat or cold

The twenty-first international which is conveyed by the metal of Paris. automobile salon the pedals. The method of attach-held on October 6 to 16. ing such pedal covers will vary,

furthermore haulates the sole of

DISTILLING WATER.

The only cure for this noise, of but the ingenious amateur will soon The silencer noise is of a some-course, is to keep the piston clear-devise a means of bolting or lacing what similar character. If specialances as small as possible while them in place. çare be not taken in the design of avoiding the possibility of seizure, the expansion chamber, a distinct and it is owing to the smaller tem- silencer ring is set up, due to the perature range over which a exhaust gases at high pressure water-cooled engine works that and velocity striking some part car engines are somewhat quieter and causing it to vibrate at audio-than motor cycle engines in this frequency. Exhaust pipes very respect, through having closer often enter the silencer at right piston clearances. angles to, and only a short dis- In the case of aluminium pis- tance away from, one of the walls tons, design again plays a big of the chamber, and in such a case part. The piston should be auf- it would be possible to counteract ficiently long to avoid tilting in the ring only by lagging the the cylinder, ie, from one to one silencer, thickening or stiffening and a quarter times its own the wall, or by fitting a bolt diameter; while, owing to the through two of the walls, or by high position of the centre of some such attempt to get rid of gravity, due to the thick crown, in the hose connection of the It has been stated that a break the vibration.

the gudgeon pin should be posi-windscreen wiper is sometimes Exhaust pipes should lead into tioned well above the mid-point of the cause of difficulty in starting the expansion chamber so that the the piston.

One way of obtaining distilled water quickly is to direct the steam from the sport of a kettle of boiling water against the side of a jug of cold water. The steam condenses on the walls of the jug and can be collected by standing the latter in a clean basin. process can be kept up indefinitely provided that the kettle' is re- plenished and the water in the jug replaced when it gets warm.

The-

gas can expand and thus be re-i It is possible to compensate the car. The break will run the

vacuum tank dry.

duced in pressure before meeting slightly for the greater clearances the direct opposition of a baffle at the crown by employing several plate, which, especially if riveted narrow piston rings, while a wall. Several special types of in position, is very liable to set up scraper ring in the skirt also helps piston slap, are also available, silencer ring.

to reduce the noise. The full-such as the Ward "Aerolite," or Reverting to the cylinder, a skirted piston is, of course, quiet-types with a split skirt and a ring. common noise is the sound of theer than the slipper or relieved inside which presses the skirt valve coming down on to its seat-type, owing to the great bearing edges into close contact with the ing. It is true that to a very area in contact with the cylinder | cylinder wall.

This

will be

YESTERDAY'S SOLUTION.

ARID RAPS SET WEB EMOTI

OXEN H TOUR

TUO UNKEMPT NAG OTHERS D AIRGUN WE AN BET CO TA IN UR SEDAN BA } ISLETS NJQ0IN

M_ED YEAST ER £ AS OF TRY QA SO SUMMED 4 DAYING TEE SOOTHÉO ROY ZEST HIE ENOW KEEN C GRIN

(TROT LOST

NEW AT

"OTHE NTERKATIONAL STUPIGATS,

PIONEER

UNDERWEAR

-BORDER STRIPED AND PRINTED

CREEPS

FOR

SUMMER FROCKS.

CHY LOONG.

New Season. Preserved Ginger. Best quality-Prompt attention to Exporters.

Office:-231, Queen's Road Central, 2nd floor. Tel. Central 2580, Factory:-500-504, Canton-Road, Yaumati Tel K. 865.

CHI WAH.

TAILORING,

Once known as Chison: Perfect fit guaranteed.. 9, Wyndham Street.

TANG YUK, "DENTIST

. Successor to

the late SIEN TING, 14, D'Aguilar Street.

TERMS VERY MODERATE

Consultation Froc.

FOR SALE.

Packets of Foreign

POSTAGE STAMPS

No two stamps the same in any packet.

Packets that will please you. GRACA & CO.

Dealers in Postage Stamps, Gar- den Seeds, Pictorial Post Crads, Toys, etc.

No. 10, Wyndham Street.

P.O. Box No: 620 : Hong Kong.

CAHE AT LAST

THERE IS LAND!

THERE'S A GUY!

STANDIN' DOWN"

THERE WE'LL ASK HIM WHERE

WE ARE!'

by Int'l Feature Service, Mac) Grant Britain sights

BRINGING UP FATHER.

HEY- 15

THIS

·RUSSIA?

BONG!!!

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