1927-08-03 — Page 11

WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 1927.

DEMOCRACY.”

'Failure" Of The Representative System.

SUN YAT-SEN'S LECTURES.

THE CHINA MAIL.

HOTEL FIRE.

MANILA LADY'S NARROW ESCAPE.

IN MANCHURIA.

COMMENT ON SIGNIFICANT APPOINTMENTS,

Barious setback to the progress of democracy. And why? The idea was in the air! The power of the kinge had been broken; and one would have expected. it to pro- gress from day to day. One cause was the weakness of the

Tokyo, July 25. Mrs. Rose Mildred Beck, wife party which held that the power of I. Beck, narrowly escaped death cent appointment of influential fin

The "Chugai," discussing the re- of the people should be limited. in a Yokohama hotel fire on July anciera and politicians and believed in centralised gov-6, according to Information re- management of the South Man- ernment. The harm was done by ceived in Manila on July 18, says churia Railway, regards the change

to the

Imitations of European Government 'Undesirable.' the majority who worked for un- the "Manila Bulletin." Mrs. Beck as a preliminary step towards real-

CHINA'S UNITY ESSENTIAL.

In the fourth of the new series of lectures, the late Dr. Sun Yat- fen examines the forms which the popular movement has taken in other countries. He condemns. the representative system tried in China on the grounds of the personal greed of politicians, and states that what China should him at should be something higher than mere limitations of European forms of Government. An analogy is drawn between the union of states in America and Germany and the need it about. for unity in Ching.

AN AMERICAN ANALOGY.

of

: 92 ORIENTAL STUDENTS

GET DEGREES.

A United Press message from

a clear-cut line will be drawn be- It is understood that in future tween financial affairs and admin-. istrative matters, the S.M.R. being made responsible for the former, while, the civil government of the Leased Territory will concern itself

THREE KILLED.

+

limited democracy. In the French was stopping at the Tent Hotel in isation of the Government's post- Revolution this unlimited de- Yokohama. She left on the even-tive policy in Manchuria. mocracy saw no need for leaders, ing of July 4 for Sulphur Springs. In those regions has been ham- in fact it killed those who had the That night the hotel and two ad-pered by lack of co-operation be- Up to now the policy of Japan most talent leaving only a band of jacent buildings burned to the tween the S.MLR the milltary gar instruments: deprived of sight Klette, and export merchant of whose interests frequently con- rascals, blind to the truth, ready ground and one occupant, J. rison and the civil administration, and hearing the people could not Hamburg, lost his life. tell truth froin falsehood but fol-

flct. Consequently the Govern towed after any agitator. It was the following day she found that general system of administration. When Mrs. Beck returned on ment's intention is to unify the which caused the greatest harm Friends, told her she was lucky as natural resources of Manchuria. the reaction from thie extreme all her baggage had been burned. with a view to assisting the deve to democracy, and it was the de- the room she had occupied was

lopment of communications and the mocrats themselves who brought hard to get out of and had she remained in Yokohama over night Growth of Democracy. she might have met the same fate Elsewhere than in France the fas the one victim... small countries of Europe. Den- mark, Holland, Portugal and Spain, became more democratic COLLEGE HONOURS with all political affairs, with the feeling of these times. Books and newspapers have influence of different militarists the first revolutionaries. They As for England the English were made us familiar with American that we must end once for all. It killed one King; but ten years and European ideas about De- is this separatist tendency which afterwards they restored the mocracy. When we read some of 'causes the foreigners to say that monarchy. The English princes New York states:-Degrees were

BY BOLT OF LIGHTNING. us imagine that Europe and we Chinese cannot govern our- and nobles realised the power of awarded to ninety-two students America have secured what they selves and to demand that they the people and instead of resisting from Japan, China, the Philippine

New York, July 17. aimed at and we have only to fol- should organise the country. We them made a compromise with stern countries, in three of the lightning and three others killed low them to do the same. When should do more than preach unit them: but still it was not until leading American universities this by a storm which broke over the Three persons were struck by Islands, Hawall and other For Lowever we look at the facts weed China. We should consider 1832 that the common people.got year." And that the western democracies alliance with Japan, perhaps even votes and not until after the Euro-

metropolis with great fury: fol. are far from perfect. How is it with Annam, Burmah, India, Per-pean War that women had them, increased

Students from the Orient have lowing a prolonged heat wave. then that their ideals have not sia and Afghanistan,

In so that The English are generous to their World War and the introduction of ed at Coney Island where 110,000

number since the "been realised?

The deaths by lightning occurr these disunited countries may be dependencies. Ireland once kept the English language in the Philip persons were-seeking relief from When American Democracy come strong enough to resist down by force of arms has been pine and Hawaiian Islands has done the heat in the city. The storm overthrew English Absolution, it Europe. The eighteen provinces, made independent and so has much to make the American uni-came suddenly and spread havoc found itself faced with a differ- the three Eastern provinces and Egypt after an attempt to go back verslties popular in the Far East. ence of opinion regarding the true the districts were united under on a promise made during the the Columbia University, 605 atu-

In the 1927 graduating class of through the resort. nature of Democracy which split the Manchus and shall the Repub- War. India has the fuller suf-dents from the Orient were award-and there was a rush for subway A semi-panic seized the throng the country into two parties led by nic which inherited them allow frage it asked for: while in Eng-ed degrees; fourteen were awarded trains in which several were bad- Washington's principal support them to split up again? Rascally land trade unions are free to or degrees from the University of Chi-ly injured. Police reserves, were ers in the war with England, Secessionista like Tong Kat. Iu inganise themselves and workmen cago and thirteen from Yale Uni-summoned to preserve order. Hamilton and Jefferson. Jeffer Yunnan, Chiu Hang Tik in Hu can sit in the Cabinet. This tal-versity. son's party believed in absolute nan, Luk Wing Ting in Kwangai ent of the English governing

The Oriental students seem

Two persons were killed in a democracy, holding that every and Chan Kwing Ming in Kang-classes for going with the stream prefer the Fine Arts courses and 51 ault of the storm. The driver of to grade crossing accident as a ro member of the State could and tung, have a military federation in has hitherto preserved and sta-University alone, with the degrees a sedan, blinded by the rain, drove

were graduated from Columbia ought to take part in the affairs view, not a democratic one. It is blished the British constitution. of Government. Their view was not China's benefit that they aim

of Bachelor or Master of Arts, in front of a suburban train. An- based on a faith in the essential | at but their own.

Nevertheless, it is in Germany Many received degrees in philo-other was caught while swimming that the newest expression of the sophy and law and science.. tendency of human beings to act

in the Hudson and drowned.-- idea of democracy is to be found. for the best. Hamilton's party on

Those upon whom. degrees were United Press. the other hand had no such belief The Americans began with thir-unions of any country in, the

We must get this point clear. Germany has the largest workers' conferred include:- in the goodness of human nature. teen independent states and their world, but until the war demo- They feared that the evil elements unification was a difficult matter. cracy in Germany in the State would corrupt the

was behind This fact is! government and work for their own profit instead of the general welfare, leading in the end to a condition of anarchy: They held

that the governing power should

A Bitter-Struggle.

It was only accomplished after a that of England. long und bitterly contested strug-commonly ascribed to the policy gle between the parties of Hamil- of Bismark who united, the ton and Jefferson by the victory of twenty old states of Germany to

Chen Chang William, Doctor of Medicine, Canton.

Yan Kwang Poon, Master of Arts, Hong Kong.

.

MR. GEORGE BURY.

U. S. CONSUL SHOT.

Vera Cruz, Mex., July 17.

El Dictamente has received a telegram from Puerto. Mexico say. ing the American consul there had the former. Moreover, a com- make the powerful German Em-Bury, at one time Chief Steward of assailant, who was masked,

been shot and seriously wounded The many friends of Mr. George by an intruder in his home. promise was reached between the pire in spite of the opposition of the str. "President Madison," will Physicians said the wound was The be in the hands of a central two parties in which it was laid Austria and France. The in- regret to hear that he died on the serious.--Associated Press.

fled. authority and that the power of down that such matters as were fluence of Bismark who had in str. "West Sequana" on July 15, the individual should be limited on to be dealt with by the Central twenty years combined the twenty when near the ground that mob tyranny Government-should-be-clearly odd-states of Germany into the buried at Bea.

Hakodate, and was with no popular opinion to re-specified in the constitution while strongest country in Europe was strain it, is worse than the whatever did not appear in the not confined to the sphere of mili tyranny of a despot.

Union of States.

constitution was to remain the tary and foreign affairs only. He set backs. which it experienced. province of the different states; made the central government tool The first was Hamilton's victory Hamilton's party, called the

matters which were properly the strong to resist, and, in fact won pver Jefferson; the second, the ex- party of union, stood for the ment such as foreign policy and sign states but against the popu- aries; the third, the cunning concern of the Federal Govern-his victories not only against for- cesses of the French Revolution- amalgamation of the thirteen military and naval affairs were to lar movement at home. States-which had

More policy of Bismark. But we know joined to be outside the sphere of the over, since the Franco-Prussian that with all its possible abuses prosecute the war with England-state administrations... under a central government as

War, that is during the latter the idea of democracy will persist against the policy of local in Under this compromise the pow. half of the nineteenth century, and cannot be destroyed. Since dependence. At that time the er of the people was at first re-an economic movement arose the war we have seen the destruc- leaders of that one-third of the stricted. Members of Congress, alongside the political one: as the tion of the German and Russian. population which had supported and some local officials, were struggle for political democracy despotisms, and in many countries the British, had migrated into directly elected by the people gradually became less severe there the extension of the franchise to Canada, and the population of while the Senate and president arose the doctrine of socialism women. The attainment of the the thirteen States was still were elected by Congress, The (which I call economic de- vote in the most solid success small enough for the danger of system of direct election was, mocracy).

which democracy has won; and their conquest piecemeal by Europe to be a real one.

government.

China's Unity Essential.

a

Universal. Suffrage.

however, gradually extended Bismark and Germany; the extension of the franchise to until the President, the Senate and The light then developed into a noble and base, rich and poor, After a contest of speech mak- affect the public have come to be bour. The earliest socialists were garded by some as being equival- all local officials whose powers struggle between capital and In- ignorant and educated alike, is re- ing and pamphleteering. Hamil elected by a direct popular vote. Germans. (You all know of Marx ent to pure democracy. In fact ton won the day and secured the Still only men had the right to who was the greatest of them and Switzerland has not only the can constitution with its clear women had votes and the women's sian Revolutionaries), The politi-that if the people have power to union of the States. The Ameri- vote. Ten or twenty years ago no was followed by the original Rus vote; it has the Initiative and the distinction between the Legisla-movement of the past twenty cal and economic revolutionary

Referendum as well, on the theory tive, Judicial and Executive pow-years was opposed not only by doctrines were allied to one ant-elect their legislators they ought ers is the first instance in history men but by many women also on other. How then did it happen also to have the power to initiate of a ready made constitution and the ground that women were in-that the former met with success and repeal legislation. In some the first instance of a written ferior to men. Eight years ago, and not the latter? Bismark was states of America, the people have constitution. That the United States to-day are the richest and after a hard struggle, the women the man who saw that the move the power of recall also. They can most powerful nation in the world of England were permitted to vatement could not be put down by These north-western states of the dismiss their representatives. and then America followed sult force. What he did was to intro- is due to the constitution of the Their victory was due to the fact duce a kind of state socialism as United States of America with Union combined with local self- that the absence of men at the an alternative to, the Marxian their four forms which popular front showed that their work in doctrine. For instance, railways government can take, furnish a factories and elsewhere could be form an indispensable item in the model to the rest of the world. This fact has given rise to done by women,, and so the doc economic life of any country. Priestly government has gone; school of thought in China which, trine of woman's inferiority was (We can see that in the prosperity government by kings only sur- looking upon the vast power proved false. which the United States wieldˇto-

which the Chinese railways have vives precariously in England, day, considers that China, should

brought to the provinces through Japan and Italy. The question of copy them in all respects, begin- the aim of the European Revolu-France the railway system was ment

Now we can see how, although which they run). In England and the day is direct popular govern- ning with provincial, autonomy tionaries was to get power in the then almost entirely in private Representative System. and proceeding to federal govern-hands of the people, the school hands and the control over indus- When we examine the forms ment. In taking this view its ad- which held that the common try generally which this fact gave which the popular movement has herents make the same mistake as they did in proposing to adopt people were fitted to exercise to the capitalists, did much to in-taken, we find everywhere it has the European, watchwords of direct government has failed to tensify the conflict between rich resolved itself into a representa Liberty, and Equality as the three hundred years of revolution tionalised the railways but he had system in China and it has falled; prove its point and what two or Aand poor. Bismark not only native system. We have tried this Zoundation of a democratie pys has secured is in fact universal rules laid down governing hours our representatives are simply a fem. Their view, if adopted, suffrage. As for the French Re of work and instituted pension lot of slaves who have sold them would mean breaking up the unity volution it followed the teaching and insurance schemes for the selves for filthy lucre.There is of China into twenty-two pro of Rousseau on the natural equal workers. These ideas he took only one country which has gone vinces more if we add Mongoliaty of men, and was a real experi

from the socialists; but it was Bisbeyond the representative system and Thibet to eighteen pro- vinces and the three Eastern Terment in direct popular governmark who was the first to see the and that is Russia which has de ritories and Turkestan or include ment. The king and nobles were power of the state to secure corvised a system of popular self- listricts like Jehol and Teing Hoi. who dared to suggest that the with the resources thus obtained, self capable of expounding their killed or fled abroad. Anyone trol of railways and banks, and determination. I do not feel my- The United States began with populace were ignorant or Incom to better the position of the work- system of government, but I con- number of disunited colonies; petent was sent to the guillotine, era and to make them contented alder, it is in advance of the re- China has been a united nation ». The terror" found Government Before Bismark's time many Gar- presentative system. What I am greater or less extent for hun at an end and society, lalu waste man workmen used to go abroad aiming at however, is not an reds of years under various No one knew what the day would to find work, afterwards the pro- imitation of European forms of

nasties Union for her has bring forth. Even ame

the CESS was reverse This was the governm

ive -- my own int good government while dis- Revolutionaries themse ion has spelt chaos. Even so, careless word might me

not the self-government of and Danton and others like fndividual states but Union died with the King and many lic has made America great the nobles Reaction against Md powerful. It is this splitting Terror brought in Napoleon of China into the spheres of Emperor, These events we

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