1927-07-30 — Page 12

12

“DEMOCRACY.”

The Fallacy of Individual Liberty.

SECOND LECTURE SERIES.

Sun Yat-sen on Need For Cohesion.

1

DISCIPLINE IN SCHOOL AND CAMP.

In the second of the further series of lectures on Democracy, the late Dr. Sim Yat-sen expounds the three watchwords of the Republie-Nationalism, Democracy and Socialism-and refers to the mistaken actions of students and others due to a misconception of the ideal of true liberty. The lecture stresses the need of discipline and loyalty both in the schools and in the camp if the nation is to omerge strong and coherent,

GROWTH OF REPUBLIC.

The second lecture is as follows: European writers in speaking of Democracy always couple it with liberty. It was liberty for which

power falling into the hands of the people. Ever since monarchy be- came the established system the principal object of the monarch was the preservation of his throne?

tary succession. So that popular

THE CHINA MAIL.

liberty of which they were starved but to the Chinese the idea means no more than does money to a

HOUSEHOLD CAVALRY.

reduction of units led to the amal- gamation shown in the title of to- day. Special privileges were for Guarda. For many years after the Restoration none but gentle-

savage. So those students whe NEW STANDARDS FROM THE long associated with the Life

preach liberty are out of date. Why even in France and America, the pioneers of democracy, not every-

KING.

one has liberty. Students, soldiers. TRADITIONS OF THE TROOPE" men of good birth and education civil officials and young people under twenty are all denied it. When our students got hold of the

1

The Household Brigade con-

tains the youngest and the oldest

SATURDAY, JULY 30, 1927.

A NOVEL PROTEST,

LORD HOWARD DE WALDEN'S

NAME.

PUBLISHERS' APOLOGY,

The were enlisted as troopers. place of private gentlemen was coveted by ex-officers, and hence the phrase "enlisting a captain." taken exception to the use of a

Lord Howard de Walden has

name in the novel "The Madonna

CAMPBELL MOORE

LADIES' HAIR DRESSERS.

BOBBING SHINGLING WAVING

By Expert

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19, Queen's Rond C.

Tel. C. 151

idea of liberty, there was nowhere for them to exercise it except in regiments” of the Army. A few

Corps d'Elite. the schools themselves, and this weeks ago His Majesty presented

The Blues bear to the Life of the Sleeping Cars," published by has caused much trouble in the new colours to the Irish Guards, Guards precisely the same rela. Mesers. T., Werner Laurie, Ltd., na a result of which the publishers schools under the guise of liberty. the Benjamin of the infantry, tion as the Coldstream do to the have had to call in all the copies The Europeana in admitting that liberty is a limited thing cannot while soon he will present new Grenadiers, that is to say they of the book issued and strike out which Lord claim that everyone is free.

But standards to two of his oldest re- were raised at the same time, but the flctitious name our new students have broken giments, which form the House- with an original New Model, in Howard de Walden thinks might be UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITERS

of a preponderatingly regarded as referring to him. The every hound in the name of liberty. hold Cavalry. At the present day place Their view was never accepted out- the Household Cavalry consists of cavalier, personnel. The new re-passage in the novel reads:

"Then I will continue," said the side so they could only exercise it two regiments, the Life Guards giment at once became a part of

Professor, referring once more to in the schools but this is not true (1st and 2nd) and the Royal the Household troops, but it was liberty.

his paper... House Guards (The Blues), and not until the beginning of the has its origin in the ashes of that nineteenth century that "it could "New Model" Army which was be said to enjoy in its entirety and disbanded at the restoration of complexity the august rank of Charles II. in 1660. At that date Household Cavalry"-to quote an the country longed to breathe a official history. It had, however,

What Is Liberty? Foreigners who do not know Chi- nese liberty do, not realise that the Chinese have from old times enjoy- ed freedom, and it is not stange that the Chinese students of to-day should have forgotten this:

"Sunrise and work Sunset and rest Dig wells and drink Plough fields and eat

What is the power of princes

to me?"

1

the Europeans have been struggling and the confirmation of the heredi-This old song proves that from re-i for the past two or three hundred movements which endangered his mote times our people knew the years, and three ideala, Liberty, position were suppressed with reality of liberty even if they had: Equality and Fraternity were be- vigour. On the other hand so long no name for it.

hind the French Revolution, cor- responding to the three watchwords of our own-Nationalism, Demo- eracy and Socialism. Let us now consider these three ideals.

A "Reap of Sand."

to the When Revolution came Bat it brought the idea of liberty of liberty is very familiar, for they

with it. To the Westerners this iden

have been fighting for it for three hundred years. But if you talk to the Chinese villager or man in the street about liberty he will not know what you mean. It is a new conception familiar only to those

as the throne was not endangered I have explained the meaning and the people could do what they liked history of the idea of liberty with without interference. The happi- the intention of showing both that ness or misery the people was not has its good and bad sides and Even is not the stered thing which Euro- concern of the Emperors. now after thirteen years of Re-peans once considered it, and also! publican Government, the unsettled to show that the reality is not un- state the country has maintained known to us Chinese. In fact it is this divorce between State and the excess of liberty which has the Revolution in people. Looking back to Manchu necessitated times we see the Emperor associat- China. Therefore the Chinese Re- ed with a hierarchy of officials but volution has a different object in hardly concerned with the common view to that of the European revo- es, lution and consequently follows a people except as payers of taxes. This explains the low level of poll-different course. It was the strug- tical intelligence in China and their gle for liberty which has disunited indifference to the personality of the Chinese people and taken away their ruler. So long as they did their power of resisting the poli their duty and paid taxes the people tical and economic oppression of were left to fend for themselves, foreigners, Our tusk in future is Thus they suffered little direct op-to destroy individual liberty and pression but indirectly the weak create a strong and consolidated ness of the Government left them society-a block of concrete rather than heap of sand grains. In- subject to the economic oppression of foreigners which ate up all their dividual liberty not only prevails in aubstance until the people were the schools. It corrupts the Kuo- brought to their present state of mintang itself. That is why the destitution.

Republic has never been stable

Restriction of Liberty.

since the overthrow of the Man- chus: that is why my Crusade The indirect form which this against Yuan Shih-kai failed when oppression took accounts for the he borrowed money abroad without lenient attitude of the Chinese lo- the consent of Parliament, murder. wards the Emperor, just as the ed Sung Kau-yan, and broke up the different form which monarchical Repablie. On that occasion every oppression took in Europe accounts province wanted act for itself, for the emphasis placed on Liberty so did every general, every captain, in that part of the world and their and even every private soldier. struggle for freedom of thought, There was enthusiasm everywhere speech and movement. In Europe for the revolution with no cohesion all these have been won. But if under the surface: while Yuan had we want an instance of restriction his old army all loyal to him. That of movement to-day, we need only is what I mean when I say we want look at the example of the treatment cohesion not liberty. of Chinese in the Netherlands East Indies and in French Indo-China.

National Liberty.

Upper photo shows a dweller in the inundated Mississippi area on the balcony of his flooded home with the few belongings he was able to save, optimistically awaiting the recession of the waters. Lower photo shows a common scene along the ficoded rections of the great ilver,

non-military atmosphere and the maintenance of a standing army was viewed with dislike. But the fanatical outbreak of the Fifth Monarchy Men showed clearly the necessity for keeping a small per manent force for the protection of His Majesty's person.

►

"Lady Wynhan's devoted ad- mirers in chronological order have been Lord Howard de Wallpen, the Duc de Massignac, Secretary at the Embassy, George Wobbly, the burlesque singer, Somerset Whiffle, M.P., and Leo Tito, the dancer at the Ambassn- | dors."

"Best Amenda."

The publishers have now struck out the name "Lord Howard de Wallpen," and issued the follow- ing

With reference to the passage on page 16 of our publication "The Madonna of the Sleeping Cars" it has been pointed out to us that one of the characters therein mentioned might possibly be identified as Lord Howard de Walden by reason of the unfor- tunate similarity in the fictitious name employed.

We desire, therefore, to take the very earliest opportunity of stating to his lordship and the public that every atep possible is being taken by us to correct any false impressions which may have been produced by the un- happy choice in the name of a purely Actitious character and our publication of the same, and we trust that Lord Howard de Walden will accept this full and frank acknowledgment of our unintentional error, and this ex- pression of our regret and apology, in the apirit in which it is offered and as the best amenda -it is in our power to makė,,

T. Werner Laurie, Ltd. Lord Howard de Walden has approved the terms of the with- drawal announced by the publishers.

SOVIET IDEA OF TRADE.

Sir Arthur Balfour, who has just returned from the Geneva Economic Conference, told the British En- gineers Association, at a luncheon its attractions for gentlemen of at the Hotel Cecil, how he met the birth and education, for no less a Soviet Delegation there. All their one than Dick Steele once rode in speeches were propaganda, he said. its ranks. In both these corps The main theme of them was that d'elite survives the old custom of you could only trade with Russin preserving the title "corporal of through the Government. "One of the Soviet delegates, after my reply, horse' 'instead of sergeant,

As the Life Guards and Blues in which I safil I could not under- Java was once tributary to China! How then do I reconcile our and part of the Chinese Empire. watchwords, Nationalism Demo- The actual history of the pre- are brigaded together, or take the stand why there was no one else Since then it has passed to the cracy and Socialism with the sent Household Javalry dates field as a "composite" regiment, declared that the reason was, there who have studied European poli- Dutch, and now if any Chinese goes French Liberty, Equality and Fra- therefore from January 26, 1661, their battle honours tally to a was no one else in Russia whom we

They fought at can trust." tical conditions. Now foreigners there, be he merchant, student or ternity? Liberty I take to mean when King Charles II. established great extent.

workman, he must allow himself to national liberty, equality to mean will tell you with one breath that be questioned by the police and to the destruction of tyrants and the "His Majesties own Troope of Dettingen in 1743 and in the

not know what be taken into a small room and rule of the people that is demo- Guards, His Royal Highness the Peninsula, They were in one of continued, was a serious business. liberty is, and with the next that stripped for the medical examina- cracy, and fraternity to be my Duke of York his Troope of the finest charges at Waterloo. It was not a laughing business, be did splendid service cause the lies were hard to catch tion; have his finger prints taken socialistic doctrine which will make Guards, and His Grace the Duke They and his body measured before being all the people happy. But liberty of Albemarle his Troope of in Egypt and South Africa, up. allowed ashore. Once ashore he if it is to be national liberly de- Guards." Of these the first i must report his address: If he wants mands discipline and loyalty both named had been formed during went through everything from to travel he must get a travelling in the schools and in the camp. It.

the Chinese do

the Chinese are like a heap of sand.

in and

the Great War

Mons to the armistice. In

The two conceptions are in fact in- consistent with one another; the sand metapher implies that each individual has liberty to go his permit; if he wants to be cut after is only by making our nation thus the king's exile by his cavalier addition, the Blues display hon- own way. It is when you mix sand 9pm. he must have a night permit strong and coherent that we shall followers: the second, also a

in 1794, the names "Beaumont" with concrete that it solidiftes and and carry a light. These regula- emerge from our present state of Cavaller unit, had been in the ours won under the Duke of York

tions are nothing but a relic of the slavery to a dozen masters which Spanish service. the grains of sand lose their liberty. old restrictions from which Europe has made us not so much a half In 1685 the 1st and 2nd Troops and "Willema" recalling great Now we know what liberty in It once suffered.

colony as a sub-celony mare unfor- were styled Life Guards of Horse, cavalry charges of the past. means the freedom of individuals Besides this there were in Europe tunate than the real colonies of and a century later had settled within a community to come and ga

restrictions on trades, handicrafts Burma, Corea and Annam. and beliefs. Think of the people at their pleasure and we have a of one

[The third lecture will appear district being forced to wo for this. So that when the adopt the same religion whether in next Monday's "China Mail"] foreigners allege that liberty is not they wanted to or no! and you will understood in China and also that the Chinese are like a heap of loose wand the two statements are contra- dictory.

Liberty And Democracy. Now what is this "liberty" for which the Europeans have

strug

understand why the doctrine of liberty met with such acclamation| and why so much blood was shed in the struggle for it and why it ls go reverenced now it has been won,

Now it is most important for us gled and shed their blood in the pressions "Democracy" and its a3- to grasp the meaning of these ex- past? In the first place we find the sociste "Liberty." word associated with the iden of Democracy. Democracy is a Greek "Democracy's" Three Forms. word and the conception of demo- We see how it came about that eracy was familiar in ancient times Liberty was the watchword of the both in Greece and Rome. With the French Revolution and Indepen- fall of these nations the word fell dence, of the American. But the out of use, but it was revived withintery of our Revolutionaries was the past two hundred years when "The three forms of Democracy," its. Pevival took the form of a strug-and why? Because neither gle for liberty, and this conception "Liberty" nor "Wealth" is suffi- kas now reached China from clently far reaching to embrace the Europe. If we wish to understand aims of our movement; but our how it is that the idea of liberty Three forms of Democracy in- thaa coloured modern European cludes them both. So that when thought we must take some expres- Europeans tell us that Chinese] sion such as "prosperity" which is political thought and civilisation equally familiar in China. If you are hundreds of years behind that say to a Chinese "may you become of Europe because we do not realise rich," he understands at once what what this "Liberty" le, they are you mean, In a land where the talking nonsense. We have indivi people are so poverty-stricken as dual liberty, or they could not com- they are in China, the word "riches" pare us to a heap of loose grains of calls up an image of security which sand; and besides European think- all understand and desire. So to era now admit that the liberty of the Europeans oppressed by their one individual must be restrained

ruling classes the word liberty if it conflicts with the liberty

of took on a similar meaning. The another and that liberty is not the Feudal System which sprang up inviolable principle it was held with the splitting up of Europe into to be. It is possible to have too amall states after the fall of the much liberty.

Roman Empire left the common people with no rights and neglected

Students' Misconception. by the ruling classes except as a

Let me explain further. If you source of revenue. Their political ask the ordinary man what are the sufferings were as harsh as the chief necessities of life, he will say economic suffering of the Chinese "food and clothes. But there This explains the high value which something far more indispensable: I mean the air we breathe. Wel

they agt on liberty two hundred take it for granted, just as we take years ago, WAN

our Uberty. But once hold your breath or restrict the air and you

Relations With State,

In China the destruction of the will realise how Important it is..The Feudal System did not result in Europeans fought for the political

down into the two regiments I am not in the habit of which remained as the 1st and attending cinemas.-The Bishop 2nd Life Guards until a post-war of Birmingham.

to trade with.but the Government

This question of Bolsheviam, he

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