1927-04-23 — Page 7

SATURDAY, APRIL 23, 1927.

MANY “SHADES.”

The Political China of To-day.

EACH FACTION'S TERRITORY.

[By "Li Chang-yin."]

CHINA'S CHAOS.

THE CHINA MAIL,

ever into Mongolla itself, where he is side by side with Russia. .- In. China Proper, Feng Yu- hsiang has the two provinces in Confusion of Nationalist the north-west, known as Kansu and Shensi, which abut Central China.

on

Quarrel.

As the successor to Chiang THREE GOVERNMENTS TO-DAY. Kai-shek, the Hankow politicians have appointed Feng Yu-hsiang commander-in-chief

of

their

...

All Shades of Oficials.

The Hankow Central Executive Committee has appointed officials for Kiangsu and Chokinng pro- vinces whom General Chiang Kai- shek will not recognise as he re- gurds them as Communists Pro-Communists.

or

As a matter of fact, as the Hankow executive has dismissed How Canton's financial re General Chiang Kai-shek, Mr. Que Serious as the menace to Gen-armies. A moot point is raised sources will help General Chiang Tai-chi and others, it is only na- eral Chiang Kai-shek is through as to whether he will forsake his Kai-shek is explained in the fol-tural that they should retaliate the secession of the Communists, refuge and come down to join the Cantonese commander-in-the fray along the Yangtse River,

chief still holds the greater part

of the territory conquered and of the greatest importance, he has the maritime provinces while the Extremists are enclosed in Central Chim without a seaport, The accompanying rough sketch map shows how the eight- een provinces of China Proper are "governed" to-day.

First of all, it should be em- phasised that the people them- selves have little or no say as to their political inclinations nor can their tendencies be defined, even vaguely..

"Policies" are, decided by the party in the ascendant or, bluntly, by the circumstances in which each big 'general finds him- self.

Although the Moderates still hold the southern seaboard, the Kuomintang cause has received a serious setback through this in ternal strife.

!

Problem for the Powers. If only theoretically. General Chining Kai-shek has lost diploma- tie prestige. Just as the Powers had to "recognise" Peking as the| capital, so will the diplomats have to deal with Hankow as the ne. cepted seat of government of the Nationalists. It is only logical to assume that Hankow vil ertain. ly not consult Chiang Kai-shek in shaping their relations.

Of primary interest to the world at large is the Nanking pro- test and its sequel.

The Moderates now hold Nan- king (as will be saon in the crap).

TIBET":

BURMA

lowing:-

Shanghai, April 13.

of The disintegration or follow the Yellow River in Nationalist Government continues

make itself

another bid for Peking.

The Extremists have Hupeh each day to and Hunan provinces and the noticeable. greater part Kiangsi province which adjoins General Chiang Kai-shek's holding. An advance army of 7,500 strong was re- ported to be marching from Kiuklang down the River.

. Cut Off From Russia!

A factor which seems to have escaped the attention of military experts is that the Chinese Communists are now practically cut off from direct Russian assistance. Canton is "Moderate" so that no Soviet arms are likely to go there for some time. Every other part of the coast is also hostile. Going up the Yangtse from the sea would be too ven- turesome as the Moderates hold the south bank and the Northern Allies the north bank of the estuary. The memory of the "Pamiat Lenina" on which Madame Borodin was captured is still fresh. She was on her way to Hankow by the river route.

From the sketch it will be seen that in the interior, the Com- munist ground just touches the Christian general's zone, He is getting guns and munitions from Russia, via the North, and he can send aid down to Hankow by a tortuous overland road that is almost impassable for an army marching direct.

UNDERWOON & UNDLANIDA, A. Y

by disregarding Hankow.

At the same time, local appoint erala Chiang Kai-shek, Pei Chung the ments are being made by Gen more hai and Chow Feng-chi which are sometimes contradictory. several men being appointed to the same position.

ITALY'S LABOUR:

Attempts to Prevent Disputes.

GOVERNMENT'S CHARTER.

Rome, April 22. The celebrations of the anniver. sary of the foundation of Rome were made the occasion of the publication of the Government's Signor Mussolini's efforts to wipe chart: of labour crystallising out strikes and lock-outs.

nation.

The charter embodies the prin- eiples governing hours, wages and conditions and provides that pro- So far as finances are concern-duction must be centred on the ed, it is understood that Mr. general conception of the well- Soong could not accept respon being and greatness of the entire sibility for assuming office under such conditions and that he in-.

Syndical organisations must be sists that there must be unifled formed under. State direction the responsibility in his department. membership of which must be

Breach with Hankow Complete. | As the military are completely in control here, such unity is not possible.

free.

Capital and Labour must be conciliated or disputes submitted to "Labour magistrates."

Although we have not been able It is announced that the enroll- to confirm this directly, it is be- od Fascists total 2168,821, be- Hieved that this is one reason why aides considerable numbers en- Mr. Soong refuses to act locally. rolled in the Fascist trade unions. The Nanking Conference is be- Private initiative in production ginning to act against the Com-being regarded as the most effi- munists throughout their terri-cient instrument in the national tory.

interests, the organiser of a com-

Professional

A Central Control Committee pany is responsible to the State has Been organised which has im- for production. peached the Communists in a

associations of virulent statement which has ap-employers are obliged in every peared in the Chinese Press. way to promote the increase of This impeachment is the last production and the reduction of step in effecting a definite breach costs. with Hankow,

There are then three distinct Mr. T. V. Soong, brother-in-law of Governments in Chinn now: Pek-

The State will, intervene tu con- trol or assist the management only when private initiative fails!

the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen and National-ing, Hankow and Nanking-or the political interests of the

ist Minister of Finance.

Yesterday. the infor nation ar- rived that the Central Bank in

"North China Daily News."

TWO SEWING MACHINES NEEDED.

State are involved.

Night work is to be-paid for higher than day work. A work- er is entitled to an annual paid: holiday after a year of uninter- rupted service

Chiang Kai-shek started with Canton with specie reserve of HOSPITAL COMFORTS,

$8,000,000,had been taken over by the provinces of Kwangtung and the Canton Provincial Govern

Compensation must be paid in Kwangsi. He subdued in turnment and that Mr. Koo Ying-fan

respect of unjustified dismissal, also in the event of his death. an anherent of General Li Chai-

Com- The "Hospital Comforts

The sum and a former-appointee-of

Fascist State proposed Mr. Hu Han-min's, had taken the mitten" (to which Mrs. W. T. measures to improve accident and place of Mr. T. V. Soong's ap- Southorn and the Rev. W. Tunemployment insurance, to ex- Featherstone have been added),tend maternity insurance, to pointees.

The specie reserve of the bank begs to acknowledge with many initiate general insurance against Gramo- all illness, and to introduce special was built up during Mr. Soong's thanks the gift of 22

phone records from Mr. A. Hendowment insurance for young management.

Crook, Queen's College; also from the Diocesan Boys School workers. (on loan), four tennis posts, 2 sets

„CHINES EMONGOLIA

'INDO-" CHINA

CHINA PROPER AS IT IS DIVIDED TO-DAY.

EXPLANATIONS:~~~

territory shaded with horizoritai lines--provinces controlled by Gen

Chiang Kul-sbek, and

erni

Afoderates.

HONG KONG

hsiang (the "Christian general").

crosses independent, neutral or undecided.

NUMBER (denating cities):- 1-Shanghai,

2-Nunking.

the

3-Kiukiang,

4-Nanchang

(ie,

vertical lines--Communists. oblique lines-Northerners Marshal Chung Two-lin's Fengtien Party, General Chang Tsung-chang of Shantung and Marshal Sun Chuna- fang).

small dark shaded patch-Marshal Wu Pei-fu.

wavy lines-General Feng Yu-

General Ching Chien, whose have been men are alleged to responsible for the outrages on foreigners, has left Nanking for Hankow.

Diplomatic Puzzle.. "Should the Powers hand the second Note to Hankow, will the Foreign Ministry there be able to lay down the law to a city out side its jurisdiction? Or having dealt with Hankow in the first instance, through the accepted diplomatic channel, can the Powera now turn to Chiang Kai- shek instead?

Whereas previously, there has been much talk of "recognising" the Kuomintang regime at Han kow as representative of the southern half of China. that ad- ministration is now divided into two specific and antagonistic parts, each rapidly setting up its own administration.

The natural conclusion then is that the Powers will find it more difficult than, say three months age, to point to which Govern- ment as the one to approach.

As to actual territory, it should be added that Marshal Chang Tao-in (the Fengtien Party) also holds the three provinces, adjoining the north-east China, forming Manchuria, arud not shown in the sketch map. MEN Near His Friends.

of

Similarly, the Christian gen eral's sphere of influened extends largely into Chinese Mongolia and

5~~Changsha. 6-Hankow.

7-Pukow (where the Northerners now.face Chiang Kai-shek's army on the south bank of the Yangtsc).

8.-Peking.

D.-i-an, capital of Shensi pro- vince (the Christian general's bane).

Hunan, Hupeh and Kiangsi (which have now been lost to him), Fukien, Chekiang, a part of Kiangsu and a bit of Anhui,

"Little Buffer State.

Home workers are to be includ-i

Mr. Soong was dismissed from any positions which he may have held in Canton or rather his ap-football posts, two tennis neta cd in the benefits of the discipline pointees were dismissed through eighty-eight forms, ninety-eight and collective labour contract.- the influence, it is reported; of chairs, an organ, thirty hymn books Reuter. General Chiang Kai-shek because and prayer books, and kneelers.

Mr. Soong has repeatedly refused

to attend the Nanking Confer

ence.

three dozen packs of playing cards, four sets. of draughts, a chess set, six footballs, six tennis racquets,

Per the Rev. W. T.. Featherstone,

The satchel that was lost this

Soong Out of the Picture. dozen tennis balls, illustrated week by Mr. G. F. H. Taylor (Sub- Mr. Soong is still nominally papers from a local mess, illustrat-Inspector of Lighthouses) in a taxi' with departmental papers inside, Minister of Finance of the Han-ed papers from the Diocesan Boys from central to Kennedy Town, kow Government, as he has not School, two gramophones, a gramo yet been dismissed by that Gov- phone on loan from Messrs. Mou- has been recovered.

tries, gramophone records from Messrs. Moutrios:

ernment,

Actually, he is more or less The gift or loan of two ecwing- completely removed from the poli-machines, for the use of the Nurs- tical picture for the time being. ing Staff at the No. 7 General Hos- He came to Shanghai to co-ordin- pital, Kowloon, would be greatly

NOTICE.

LTD.,

TITE wish to notify our customers.

ate the finances of these pro-appreciated. The machines might THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK vinces under his Ministry of be sent direct to the Hospital or to Finance. He has been associated Mr. E. Rolpha or Mr. A. Morris at

the Education Offices. intimately with General Chiang Kai-shek and it is known that at one time he favoured the Nan- king Conference,

Yesterday morning, however, I took certain decisive steps which must be regarded as mark- ing for the present his temporarý elimination from politics.

$3,000,000 for Chiang?

A committed of bankers, an- xious to support the Nanking Government, called on Mr. Soong

EASTERN PORTS' HEALTH.

The health bulletin of Eastern ports for the week ended April 16

is as follows:

1,

Plague: 4 cases at Rangoon, at Singapore.

Cholera: 1 case at Rangoon, 19 at Bangkok, 8 at Haiphong, 16 at Saigon,

Small-pox:

66.- cases

at

at No. 29, Rue Moliere at 10.30 Rangoon, 4 at Tuticorin, 9 at yesterday morning to complete Bangkok 1 at Macao, S. nt negotiations for a $3,000,000 loan Dairen, i at Hakodate.

to General Chiang Kai-shek.

Mr. Soong declined to sign the can agreement, although the bankers pressed him to do so, on the ground. that he would not assume such responsibilities at a time like this..

From their start at Peking, the! As the bankers have been mak- Northern Allies came downing advances to General Chiang through Chibli and Shantung to Kai-shek on the assumption that Kiangsu and Anhui, their Emit Mr. Soong endorsed their agree-. being the Yangtse. A Fengtien ments as Minister to Finance; arm advanced (further inland, they returned to their headquar along the railway) in the directers for further consideration. tion of Hankow. Wu Pel-fu's The fact of the matter is that shaded patch has served as a there is a great confusion among buffer state between the North officials here than there has ever erners and Hankow, but the been before. Fengtien men are slowly break- ing through, like the Germans in Belgium in 1914. No sign of

move by the Christian general's tween Feking and the Christian Kuominchun has been detected; general. The tuchun is General he must be left out of the reckon- Yen Haieh-shan who has the ing until he has had more time to unique record of having been in reorganised power since the 1911 Revolution: In the south-west there are the By maintaining a policy of provinces of Szechuan, Yunnan masterly inactivity, he has not and Kwejchow which are so poor been embroiled in, political or in communications that one gen military upheavals. According eral cannot get any distance. One ly, he is tolerated and continues faction prefers, Canton, another to function. If he were pressed, neutrality and a third may like a he must be counted on the win- working alliance with somebody ning elde, whichever it is. else: Conditions fluctuate to The above is the confusing such a degree that classification state of affairs that cach day to-day might be incorrect to confronts non-Chinese who take morrow,

an interest in China. Boldness is needed to predict when one kind of "shading" will cover the whole map. I can only add that the varieties" were not so numerous three, or even two, years ago,

Record of Long Service... Up north, there is a neutral province This is Shansi, be,

Continued at foot of next Colomn

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