1927-04-16 — Page 11

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A WEEK'S PAPERS IN ONE.

THE "OVERLAND CHINA 'MÄIL.”

On account of the Easter holidays, this week's “Overland China Mail" will be published earlier and will be ready on Thursday. Copies can be obtained either at the office on Thursday and Saturday, or on the streets and news agents.

With all the daily local news and "China" despatcher reproduced, this number of the "Overland" is again full of interesting matter. The news ir amplified by explanations and footnotes. The accompanying comment and "war" pictures will make a complete narrative for friends in other parts of the world. Features include:-

ነ

Experiences of British and other foreign refugees from different parts of China.

Descriptions of evacuations by, all nationalities, includ

ing even the Russians.

Details of Chiang Kai-shek's quarrel with the "Reds" in the Kuomintang Party.""

What is being done in Hong Kong to entertain the Servicemen. sent out here..

For weeks the Home papers have given abundant evidence of the demand for "China" news, Your people will be expect ing to hear further from your Oblige them by sending them the "Overland, which will tell them what they wish to know.

READY TO-DAY. Homeward Mail closes on Saturday at 10.30 am

SINGLE COPY

THE CHINA MAIL.

DEMOCRACY.

DR. SUN YAT-SEN'S THREE PRINCIPLES

NATIONALISM EXPLAINED.

LAST TWO LECTURES OF THE SERIES.

understanding that we shoujd Zagn": the good things of the past even if we reject the evil. Now Wb are at the parting of the ways and the people have no sure tradition to follow. AS

The other day I wat în ansancos--|| tra" templo in the country, and I'|| hotleed (as... Indeed I have seen alsewhere) on ong side the charac ter for filial piety written large on the wall; on the other a sear where the character for loyalty had once been. Perhaps the villagers had seraped it out or may be soldiers. who had bean billeted. thera.. it shows However that may be, that there are people in China who think loyalty is unaccessary in a republic because they think one is only loyal to an emperor, Fool

The "China, Mall publishes to-day the fifth and the sixth lectures of a scries of six lectures in which the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen explained his three principles of Democracy and Nationallara. In these two lectures the "Father of the Republic" refers to the Wash-cannot a man be loyal to his coun ington Conference, the building up of Nationalism, boycotts as a political weapon, certain lessons China can learn from the foreigner, and China's destiny as à Great Power,

ין

FIFTH LECTURE.

China and the Washington Conference.

one:

try? To a people? To a cause? We must keep both these words f our country fe to prosper.

A Lesson From.The Foreigners. Then take humanity—love of mankind; the particular doctrine of So your frat duty la to spread our Mak Ts2 and of Jesus. We throughout China the knowledge of need this too. We used to speak of these three perils; and when all the Covernment which loves its men realise it what then? The people as its own children." When answer is we must Äght 'as & rat China first met the outside world does when it is cornered.. But to her people thought that the for- I have shown you how Chinese do that we must be desperate and aigners surpassed them in this vir- Nationalism perished when we were that means realisation that our ture of humanity. They opened enslaved by the Manchus and how plight is desperate. It is for you, schools to teach us and hospitals to now that we are slavez- to the my hearers, students, officers and cure us. In this respect we are harsher domination of the rest of officials, to spread this knowledge behind the foreigners, not in the the world, we are in danger of among the people.

conception of humanity as a virtue losing. not only our independence

Foreigners say the Chinese are but in its application. We must as a state, but also our existence ke & heap of sand and so we may take a lessor from the foreigners as people, unless we recover our appear. But though we are not yet in this matter and restore this vir national

nation neither are we isolated tue to its old place of honour. consciousness. How this to be done? In two ways units, we have family and class Next, trustworthiness.. I mean, One is by rousing our four hundred loyalties All we need to do is to good faith in dealing with neigh- millions to a knowledge of their extend these until they are danger. A wise man once said, national loyalty. They must be beure and friends. In this the Chi- nese far surpass the foreigners as state without foreign enemies is in the foundation on which we build can be seen in the Sphere of busi- danger of destruction," and again, from village unity to district, from ness. There our word in as good "Danger may bring about success."

district to provincial. and from as our bond. Foreigners admit He meant that people who had con provincial to national unity: This this and contrast the Japanese bust- fidence. In their strength might be should be easy for us. Foreigners ness man unfavourably with ours. como careless und auccumb to at- are individualists: Their law takes They have nothing but praise for tack: while danger creates energy no cognisance of a man's relation-our merchants who will ineur, heavy. to oppose it. have explained in ship to others but deals with him loss rather than go back on their my previous lectures how we are solely on his own merits; so there word. In public matters the Chi- kely to perish unless we get back in no connecting link between him nese never destroyed the indepen. our national consciousness; and I and the State such as we have in dence of other countries. Korea have explained who are the enemyour family system, It is much used to be a dependency of China, the Great Powers--and the three easier to combine a few clanss than bub in practice it was independent. weapons they use against us, econo-t is to unite several million in During the war a Japanese friand are four of mine was maintaining that Japan mic and political pressure and the ividuals. Say there

Clan joined the Allies out of loyalty to weight of numbers. Take political hundred clans in China. domination by military or diploma-fights in Kwong Ting and Fukten her alliance with England, though tic action. The first may be very show how strongly the clan holds neutrality, or ever joining the Ger- rapid. The Sung Dynasty and the together. It should be no great mane, would have been more ad-

task to combine the luns.. Ming were both overthrown in should begin by bringing about not the Independence of Korea one We vantageous to her. I replied, "Was single battle. The Empire, of Napoleon was dsciroyed at Water-combinations of all persons of the of the terms of the treaty of MA loo and that of Napoleon. II at same surname; Next of those clans Kwan? Did you not domsad this! Sedan. We may be destroyed any between which there is some tie: at the point of the bayonet? And day, so weak are our defences. Our and when all realise the peril of have you not annexed Korea? Don't nearest enemy is Japan with a huge their country, they will form the talk to me of the sacredness of army and feet. Our feet at Pak greatest combination of all and the treaties. England is strong and Hok Tam could not cope with two Great National Republic of China. China is weak-that is all about Japanese destroyers, and Japan has When this is accomplished what at-i more than a hundred destroyers, tack have we to fear from odt-

side? She could overwhelm us at any time. Our coastal defences. Rre negligible and we could be invaded anywhere. So far Japan has not moved: Perhaps the time is not ripe. But If she did, we could not hold out ten days.. America has a largon fleet even than Japan and form of universal military training. Her standing army is small but her potential force is immense; If we fought America we should be wiped out in a month. Then there is England with the strongest flest In the world within 40 or 50 days steam of China and bases in China and using what the Indians make natural to them as it is to the Chi- itsel-Hong Kong for instance, themselves. At first the English Hose. amall in extent but with great re-made light of this movement, but as

Room to improve. sources and militarily speaking the Indiana devised more and more But the old virtues are not We want grasping the throat of the Southern means of non co-operation, econo- enough by themselves. provinces of China, both a naval mic conditions in England began to also to recover our former culture. and military station. Although the be disturbed, and, they took Gandhi You will find in the old philoso- garrison is not strong enough to and threw him Into fail. The suc-phera a higher conception of this subdue the country, it is more than cess of this movement grew from than the Europeans. have to-day we could cope with. But apart the unanimity of the Indians. And in their theories of personal be from Hong Kong the naval and mill-if the Indians whose independencehaviour, family organization, state tary forces in Australia and India has already been destroyed, could government and rule of empire. could conquer China in two months. bring this about, we Chinose who But foreignera unless they have are still independent can the been many years in China and have same. It is quite easy, to refuse to studied the Chinese classics, or arc On the continent of Europe, work for foreigners or to go. abroad scholars of great natural ability, France has the strongest army in as slaves; to reject imported goods like Bertrand Russell, do not ap the world and two or three thou and support home industries; not to preciate thie. Most foreigners re- sand acroplanes. They are in

use the notes of foreign banke but gard us as uncivilised and refuse to Annam, our nearest neighbours, to use Chinese Government money associate with us because we have and connected with Yunnanfu by instead, in fact to bring about com- forgotten our old code of manners. railway. At the most we could plete economic severance. They We spit on the floor, break wind in hold out for two months. We are may be increasing in numbers, but public, and neglect our teeth and at the mercy of any great power. we hitherto have had a great popu-finger nails. The first step then How is it then that we have been lation and flourishing industries, towards regaining our national con- able to survive so long? Not from It is only because we have been idence is to improve mannera. any power to resist, and not from dazed and half swake that we have Another quality we must recover. want of will on their part to destroy allowed foreigners to oppress us. is that of inventive ability. ua but on account of their jealousy If in future we follow the Indians had it in the past. It was China of one another. They are afraid lead and build a nation on the which discovered the they will come to blows with one foundations of our clan system, we printing, porcelain and gunpowder; another as they did in Europe: Now need not fear military, diplomatic Chinese introduced tea and silk they do not want war, and they or economic oppression. These are to the world. They were the first do want to reduce armamenta: For the two methods of defence of to use the arch in building; and the of the this reason they held the Washing-which I spoke the first construc- Europeana. got the idea ton Conference, or rather oatentive, the building of a nation; and suspension bridge from the Chi sibly for this reason. The real ob the second destructive, the boycott nese bridges in Thibet.. We have ject was China and the subjection of foreigners..

Reducing Armaments.

a

4

After several thousand years of Chinese supremacy, Korea was still Boycott as a Weapon

a nation; Twenty years of Japanese Once we are combined it will not power and she is so no more. This be difficult to resist the foreigner.will show how far China is in ad- Take the case of India, too weak to vance of other countries in trust. resist English political oppression. More than anything else, the

worthiness... but able by means of the doctrine Chinese pride themselves on their of non-co-operation to fight against love of peace. The foreigners economic pressure. Non co-opera- | tion means withholding what the have been holding their peace con- English want and refusing, what ferences at Versailles, the Hague, they offer. It means refusing to Washington, Geneva and the like, work for them when they want because they have lost so heavily workmen, and refusing to buy their in the war and are afraid to go to Percefulness is not goods when they offer them for sale war again.

·SIXTH LECTURE.

China's Destiny as a Great Power.

,

We

compass,

the talent That is proved by the fact that Chinese pliots can mosuage aeroplanes, the newest invention of the West; and this shows that we. can adopt Western Science which le the source of the strength of Europe. Therefore, if we adopt the latest devicei, such as the use

of China by diplomacy. If they had set on ús with rities and bayoneta, "we should have realised that we must defend ourselves. But they destroyed us unawares with a pen and paper. True, we. had our representatives at the Can- ference and everybody talked about I have already traced the causes of electrical power rather than "the interests of China." But se of China's fall from the greatest steam in ten years, wa can over soon as the Conference adjourned civilisation in the world to the post-take the foreigners a

all the newspapers began to talk tion of "secondary colony and In ten years we can do what about a consortium, and the plot shown how the remedy is a return Japan has done; and an we are ten thickened day by day Military at to national consciousness. The times as numerous and, thirty-times tack. would give A few days of next step is to show how we can re-as large, we shall be ten times. na life, but if once tho representatives rain our position as a nation. powerful, There are only sevER China's greatness in those days| great powers, and we shall be the of the powers get together and pat their signatures to a sheet of paper, was due to her military vigour at strongest power in the world. We we shall parish in a morning. An- the outset: but military success is have a great responsibility. If|| other thing I have shown you in not all, witness the Mongols whose we merely follow others „arample, detail what a vast sum the Chinese Empire extended further than it will be a calamity. We must]. pay yearly as tribute to the for: China's ever, did but was short make up our minds to resist : Im- eigners. In ten years at the pre- lived in comparison. A nation, to perialism everywhere, and to help sent rate, this will work out at be stable must rest on a moral the small oppressed pations and so $7.50 ahead of the population; or basis. It was moral excellence reform our own varnment and $15 a head of the male population, which enabled the Chinese to ab- bring peace to the world. or excluding old people and chil-sorb Mongols and Munthas Into

dran, 246 4 head off the working their own civilisation. Therefore, The, old" British population. A great samt: Soon we our new nationalism must be based working together li the shall be so impoverished that we on virtue

„Bridgeman, shall be unable to carry on.

Building Up Nailena

As for the third of

Cofipopul

You all know the standard virtuss afcöld China. Loyalty, hama

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