1925-05-09 — Page 7

SATURDAY, MAY 9, 1925.

THE CHINA MAIL.

DID NEOLITHIC MAN

AN USE THIS

GATEWAY?

CEL/LO FALLS

COLUMBIA RIVER

Did. Neolithic man use the natural highway of the Colombia river gap in spreading East over the North American continent from the Purifie Slopes? Did he cross Bering Strails, go down the Pacific Cast and entering the first lange estuary penetrate into the interior Learned professors who have recently made a study of hutsan remains found in prehistoric mounds on the east of our North-west affirm that this is so and that primitive man moved down from Alaska, followed the fertile coastal regions and after enjoying the -tasteful salmon, pressed forward along the Columbia to the platenus of Oregon and Washington and finally deployed to the East and to all parts of the American Continent.

By KATHERINE LOUISE SMITHLE

Whathin in the early ape mat used the alumiti Haver asthe gateway dr Ambrizu is a theory full of ju sålilijas. but there is "no donht to-day ban the Columbia" forms ou of the tanat bejati- fat and interesting enta sunces mbt the North-western Stutas. There are three Jarge rivers that can be valled the most picturesque large Waterways

Aterista. The Hudson wh Palisades, the Mississippi with its greenelad bluffs and the lumbi wan 4 many miles of clit and their falling ensandes, The Yukon hd the Mississippi, are bair bungest rivers, but undoubtedly the Hudsin, Maxirsippi and Columbia are our most beautiful Jurge" strewers.

wày ap the Coast Ginny imaging) he raw

andt now aver, and a Yuath- and trip in 1792 bedaste amined to 3!1'n1riiiz Jus three haðdred years. adier, Volumbas de

histor

vague id deny Bra, discovered the grim Colanta a nad suited ap the stiem for a stamber of des, shame

Calambia Or Viregua

Komophia na Oregon, the pork að med, in places tear but

.

CARE MONIT

bbation of the Alps, the Rhine and Southern Haly withi the, wild grandeur the Aran van Cascades but is also ate ad or 12 miter and worthy as wat erg neering pro- Gong week & Pedenes Astoria „Jung, setant's, a basin of apprenmakely

and Seaside on the Parife and ruang th candle Cetane males,

as it pierres and enters the history there are many party at navigates of this and tailag waters. This Naturally, in a stream at this length

gorge of the Columbia and pasaur exty Columbia, and thereby became an

and other streiches were deals plstierial read hangs on clifs a munge important figure in thech'stury of obetween and which present aaheget-

places hundreds of feet above the countis, Caply Cook, who in 1758,

able phases of wild nature, *. One

Stream; 21 other points it is aštunity Beautiful reach is in the Banadian

at the level of the water. Petaresque Kootenays, and it seems hard to realize Bridges sana turbulent streams which that the same strain hundreds of miigs

apawh many feet beneath and for miles. nway. jona a bandary. Between

of its length the rond is supported by Oregon and Washington, and finally enters the Pacific near the great head quint walls of dry masonry, As, one tend Cape Disappointment, the San

drives along the magnificent reenery on both sides of the Columbia is unfolded | Roque of Spanish duya. Few of our

mile by mile, and within ten miles of vers have better oppurtunities for

travel there af eleven beuatiful water. sightseeing. It is possible to enjoy this river from the new National Highway waterfall in our country.

falls, including Multnomah, the highest At Hitchell's which skirts it shore on the south baat. Point is a tunnel with open windows o from one of the brats which make day trips up and down the stream.

plaid this redest had itled to notice the entrance, and ships of Vancouver, who deployed around these entorn best letorried" of the river from, Cupture Gray, When they act ut sen. Soon the river beame an important element in deter mining the North-western boundary and Discovered By Gray.

the newis and Clark expedition in Let us imagine Captain Girny, skipper 1804-6 led to the mouth of the string, und the settlement of the fur-1,ading of the Washington, setting out from centre of Astorin at that pomt. Then Buston or sorge commercial adventare came the expression, "the Oregon, ecun- backed by Yankee merebunts, Captain (try." "Where rolls the Oregon?" Kendrick, of the Columbia, also Bet out | Bew emme, this name as well as at the same time, and both Were bound Columbia Captain John Carver call. for the Pacific North-west. This wased this region the Oregon, and so muay

-in 1788, and in the following year, hay- | other explorer have dine, the same ing safely made the voyage round the Lahat investigators have decided it must Huru, they exchanged ships, and Giny | come from the Spanish Aragon, a name sailed for his home port, returning in given the whole North-west by the 1791 to the North Pacific Coast, On his [Spish explorers.

: An Engineering Feat. The Highway is one of America's newest pathways for the recreationists I is a great pathway for everyone who vits our North-west. Iw scenic beauties have been likened to a com

1.4

vut in solid rock,

The Buat Trip.

The crags, cascades and cloud capped Pills of the Columbia are also seen to good advantage from a steamer. At the Coust une seer Datch, French, Ger- man, Nogwegian, Russian, Italian and

¦

45: ONE or

س روی این بانگر اینم هم دیده ام

TIFUL FALLS:

Zaman vielt of every description, but ferns and vines are Gordon Falis; then the stapeneus svenery is wint aftructs. ;'follow Latourelie and Brida! Falls (the Now the jutetion of the Corabia laster" two require an excursion linck and Wihunette ever five white moun- from the river to enjoy). Next the “ tampraks, the glenes of two States Multnomah leaps from a- wall a dis- may be seen at one UmbM. Hood tance of 850 feet, the threadlike width and Mt. Jefferson an Oregon, and Mt.. deceiving the onlooker for it is thirty- Rainer, Mt. St. Helena and ML. Adama two feet witle at the top. Following Je Washington. Not far away tay be this grandest of the Columbia River's ven the site of the old. Hudson Bay falla come the Horse Tail Falls and the post, and the one time bezdquarters fleecy Mist Falls, such different and at Grain and Sheridan. The Gorge of fascinating. The Columbus dilqees some unique features that show to good advantage from the bunt. At its entrance are Table Back und Router Rock, the latter of great beauty as it curds in bald relict against the purple shadows of the bills.

Legend Of A Great Bridge. Shortly after attention is riveted on the Washington.shore for Castle Rock which Lewis and Clark called Beacon Rock looms up. It covers thirteen and a half acres and can be seen for miles. No wunder Lewis and Clark used it for Further up the river is Cape Hora, a landmark. The Indians, too, play isaga firent towérng pilluïs of rock their part in the stories of this inspiring

from perpendicularly

dve river. In one place, on the Washington bundled to twenty-five hundred feet. side is seen the north abutment of the They are palisades that rise "green "Bridge of the Gods." The legends say med and dripping to the vaulted that at one time the great stream was les and just beyond are revealed spanned at this point by a natural the Columbus'a special glory, its water- bridge, but Mt. Hood and Mt. Adams fails and eucades which dash from quarrolled and in their rage the great. lofty, precipices on, the Oregon shore bridge was shattered. and gteam through mist laden, ferns romantic, is the story that an Indian and boughs, The first falls inking brave from the Oregon side married an music as they dash through mosses, Indian maiden from the Washington

CONSISTENT TWISTS OF NATURE

Still more

THE NEEDLES side in spite of the opposition of their tribes. As they started across the bridge to his hume-they were pursued by her disappointed suitors and king- men. Hardly had they tunched safety than the bridge fell, carrying with it their advancing enemies. At any rate the bridge full and formed rapida in the river.

Indian play a prominent part in legends of this river. Castle Rock, 1,740 feet high, whene, summit has only recently been sealed by the white man, was an Indian lookout, and Memaloune Island was used by the Indians for many years as a burying ground, the dead being placed in pine" huts. On this island is the grave of Vinor Trevitt, a pincer river man whose wish was to be buried with the Indians. "If there should be such a thing #PURUTTOC- chance with the Indians." tion. this sceptic said, "I will take my..

The Dalles.

Fish wheels in operation gather the succulent salmon in many places and there are the Dalles and the Is of Celle-thirty feet high-and the locks which lift the boats to the level of the Middle Colunthia. All these are a part of the enjoyment of a trip on the Columbia. Above the Dalies the river becomes unnavigable,., CLIEN

by balastic formations and this streich ia a favourite spot among the indians, many of whom live near by. During the fishing season they can be seen far put on the rocks apearing salmon which are dried in the sun and used as food..

"This mighty river with a flow of over" 1.800,000 cubic feet of water every second greater than either the Mississippi or St. Lawrence-fed by overlasting snow fields and gleiers, winds its way through the Pacific North-west and at the mouth the tide reaches in for one hundred and fifty nilles. Its crags, cascades, cataracts and falls are worth going many miles to sed. 11 Neolithic man choss, thin water way to enter this continent he is be congratulated,or his good taste and forcaight At any rate present-day man can see no more picturesque river.

THE LEFT CAMOTOS.

BÌNG BUEND

Vines May Curve to the Right or to the Left, But the Twining is Uniform-Trees Have Similar Habits.

[By NORMAN MCLOUD.]

In climbing a pole does a vire twist, tast with the tree or post is effected by

to the left or to the right?

To Nature Lovers the question is full of interest; and since most of os find pleasure in the curious warkings of natural laws the answer is worth the Breking. Close cbxarvation ruvoòls striking individuality in the twining habits of plant growth,

Some vines twist to the right after the fashion of the hands of a clock in circling the dial. Others turn to the left and seem to grew backwards. In roost cases the habit is fixed through out an entire group or family. In others there is variation, even among vines of close inship.

menns of adherivý disks, as in the inne of the widely distributed Virginia Creeper. Another type of vine attaches itself by means of tendrils which bre thrown out in all directions to take hold of anything in rench, In this latter class are the gourd and the grape; ' the grasping tendrils of which are familiar to everyone.

WOOD PHALE THAT IS THE ING THE GRAN ALMOST Duo- RIABLY WNOS TO PHEAPEN?

PRAC

L THE TWIST

RED PAPAL

PYATURE 15 TO THE LES

An

THE RIGHTZE.

this nature, it is figured, would result in a left-hand twist "against the clock." On the other hand it is argued that some species are repelled by the sun and follow the clock-hands from left to right. Whatever the cause, the resulta themselves are full of interest and well worth noting for ourselves when opportunity is offered.

Tree Trunks Are Twisted. Vines are not alone in the peculiar characteristics of twining growth. The spiral tendency is definitely established for the trees as well. In many species of forest growth we find trunks that are as strikingly twisted as the vines which may have encompassed their trunks. In tree growth, of course, the spiral has less emphasis, but it is none the less noticeable and impressive.

On some trees the twisting habit manifests itself even in the develop- ment of the bar, and examination will ahow the outsid covering of the trunks winding their way toward the top in consistent apir. The real manifesta tion of this ch; acteristic, however, is found by the man engaged in aplitting a trunk for firewood. In work of this kind the labour is often doubled by the difficulty of separating the twisted fibres of the wood-an experience with which every tail-splitter or wood- cutter in famililar.

Constancy of direction is not found. in the twisting tendency of all trees, but there are several species in which the habit of growth is practically Juniform, and in which all specimonk will show the same characteristics of twining to either right or left: This is espechlly true in the case of the ches nut. The wood of this tree is altogétner apt to be marked by twisting Abres, and it has been found that in most cases the direction of the twist is toward the left. Specimens with the right-hand twining of the grain are declared to be comparatively scarce. In the case of the common beach the tendency is the sarke, and like the chestnut, theno trees produce spirals of left-hand twist. This is also true of the staghorn sumac, that, widely, distributed tree of the brilliant red borrita and scarlet foliage widely scattered throughout a large parvun oz tao. Ünited States,

Whether twining or otherwise fasten- ed to its support, the vine has a defnita object in view when the upward journey is undertaken. To the Nature student"

When it comes to the growth of tendrils the vines show fine disregard the climbing habit is essentially covered a wide field and brought to but not in the same direction, with

of the law of spirals. Thero no utilitarian, Asceading growth is waves light many interesting points which the this plant the growth is always to the

Families Vary.

Association Dr. Brook cites three sense of direction is a tendril, as these akry to the fulfilment of the vine's life average person easily overlooks. In left, and Dr. Brooks reports, that his variations. While a particular species grounds of his own home

Study of the spirals reveals curioux species of wisteria growing on the offshoots of the parent stem adapt Climbing Vines are Interesting forms mission of displaying its doors, to the discussing the subject for the American observation has never revealed

In the vines themselves to the convenience of the of growth, which depend on outside fitting bees and offering its seeda to Nature Association, Dr.

will stick to its habits with staunch of two species each ater and branch moment in choosing their direction ef, help for their mean of words and Abdon Cited 170099 prted out peculiaritieight hand where

Frederick exception to this dominant rule.

insistence, orber, members of the aime cerves to the right. On the third growth Reaching forth to find trig nguage the may realize thesembled to excrpa from the crowded Wibition to rise in the world they avd plant life of the surface the vine would for sunrise breading ordans edrooms dod Dutchman's ipsood example of the pecanETRY OF

which most of us will find suggestions and the climbing buckwheat, dodder, direction. The morning glorie ordre Opposite dire

ove farady will stake. 17 in. the opposite opposite besimi yap in peer which-to-fasten themtashvis

a grape dr, hoping "Lismaulvas of any upright object avail- | be submerged and hidden, and would

our own.

HO WALTEXECCOTY estend themselves in the affection one able, whether growing er utherwise. meet with failure in ita' efforts to pro». The support may be the trunk of avide the boos with material for the home garden is one of the striking suckle. With any of these plants the no departare from the established rule, received considerable attention at the

The case of the climbing bean of Among, those twisting to the left are family tendencies. Most of the plante: explanation of the constancy of vine ing the best foothold, right efter

the the wild yum and the Japanese honey. of this group twine to the right, with | spirals, That the problem should have down or otherwiis... tree, the post of a fence or the wall of making of honey and the birds with m

In this form of nature study a bullding,

́examples of individuality in vines. Thi amateur will and an interesting field 12 at least ona species, however, the hands of botanisti fa altogether material in caally reached, even by those Any object affording a valuable source of food apply in form of vegetation always twines to of experiment in trying to feres the gistom meats with completa reversal natural, because of the distinctiveness of us who live in crowded offe chants to climb is welcome, to the similar fashion the plant would be the right. Wild or tamo, sturdy or climbers,

cheated of a chance for reproduction poorly nourished, in sunlight on in

growth in the opposite direction, and the vine is always found twisting and peralatance of the twining charad Rambles in parks, gardens and wood ti through the scattering of ja avēdu by.

Efforts of this character develop the to the left Just why this variation tofistics of the various species. Several lands will open the way for an intereste shade, the bean twists in the bnti dirac full stubbornness of the vlocs and should occur has never been deterniinod explanations have been brought, for, ing Hold of obarvation Vandy ésach, na birds had broczon

To read much tion. No allurement of nature seems bring ultimate failure of the human although, the tendency is widely recog ward As one attempt at solution it many of the sserets of nature in the The climbing habits of the various to influence It to the left. The bean effort: In this respect the vines seem nized by students of natural Intence has been suggested that in some species arrangement of her products. The own as to the ways and means to be species of vines have boon given close rises in a right-hand spiral with to know what they want and to defy The popular. Nowering wisteria clauf wine the tip of the growing plant study requires little or not effort and adopted. Mast Climbers attach then study by students of natural science.persistence not to be overcomt.

the efforts of mankind to divert them another vine of variable charactorafics. in attracted by the ann selves by calling. With others the cun- | Observations along this he have

and drawn will be found wall worth the required The hop ving in similarly" constant \ from their couras,

"In his report to the "American Natúra toward the bright light. Infinence of l'attention.

More Than One Way To Chimb. In establishing themselves on thetr supports the vines have notions of their

|