1925-01-03 — Page 11

SATURDAY, JANUARY 3,

THE CHINA MAIL.

Forest Mining is all Wrong

PHOTOS

COMPRESY US FOREST SERVICE

The United States Is Beginning To Learn. That Timber Should Be Treated As a Crop-Desola- tion And Tragedy Follow Old Methods.

[By FRANKLIN JOHNSON.).

Horrible examples are not to be amazed at. As a means of teaching us what to avoid they have. their disimet

tion in the scheme of human affairs.. Take the waste pinees of Ameren, for i tance. In there scurred spots the has a ghastly 'example" of "our way of dealing with our forest remunera "-definito and tangible eviddenes of what happens to a land which neglect. its growing; wealth of timber supply.

The message of timber extravagance is a mesange of waste. We are using our forest products several times as fast as they grow. In plain English we are burning the candle at both "umis and the middle, and neglecting to" provide for a new candle, in a single dus we eat nearly as much furest aren as we plant' in an entire peur.

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How long can this last?

Reduct to the form of a chart the relativi igures furnish their own answer. The acreage shorn of Limber. to date, is represented by the large square, the anneal, planting is repre- sented by the smallest aquare. The total planting since the days of Ameri- cau, Independence represents, the "re- maining square, Insignificaßt in contrast with the inch and a half square of land Pobbet of its timber. With there com. parsons the answer is readily seen; the end is in sight,

Lutabering Has Moved West;

In most of the sintes exul of the Mississippí the lumber industry has become practically a lost art. Of the original timber supply in this region nothing is left but a

rentant-

PLANTING

OPER SELRING OUT YELLOM -

PRE NATION AL FOREST"

COLORADO

scrawny and struggling ten par cent. or less. The great lumber production ef New England, New York, Michigan and Wisconsin has passed into history The Gulf States have been passing. through similar experience.

To supplant the output of the eastern forests the nation he turned to the ret north-west, where Oregon and Washington are being drained of their forest resources. This means present penalties in the way of long hails and

محمود معلم

PLANTRİ YENİLY

34000 AGNES

Mining For Timber. Mining for rout is one thing: mining for timber is something different Selence has found no way of reproduse ing the coal resources of the earth and it is in-eścapable that each ton of fuel removed from the underground mines should reduce the total supply try just that much. With timber, however, the

PLANT

کرنے سے تیه

SLAITTE

30 BATE

ACRES

LUSTBEA: CANZO

denuded forest, deprived of their former been to disregard this difference and to treat the forests as mines for which there was no reproduction. '.

The real truth of the matter is that timber in a crop in the same senaë as wheat, corn, pumpkins and potatoes. It is something that can be encouraged to grow and multiply. In treating it as a have been guilty of inexcusable folly."

reminders of a former greatness. wealth and standing forth as ghostly

regarded his land as worthless. In the matter of timber, however, this has been the attitude of the entire nation.

mill, or allowed them to be destroyed We have cut our forests for the saw.

by forest fire, and we have then passed on to new territory.

Utilization ofthese cut-over innix has been insignificant. The condition.brings about a manken that is two-edged-and with both edges keenly sharpened.

tatod by William B. Greeley, chief of the United States. Forest Service, the nation is already in the midst of a timbor faming and to suffering accord- ingly. Mr. Grooley declares that the country is faced with “very tangible and conercto problems, which the present generation of Athericans must solve.""

"Mighty-one million acres of forest! tand, or about one-tenth of the original., virgin forgat ures of the United States, is now lying idle states the United Statos. Department of Agriculture This area is yearly increasing. This hand is not suitable for general farming and should be kept at work growing. forests, the only valuable crop-it can produce."

In that suggestion, according to keon students of the situation lies the solus tion of America's timber crisis. Inton- sive forest culture applied to an arba 'aquivalent to our present, forest area, is essential to meet the country's per manent timber requirements. Timber must be considered a erup, in the sumo soner that wheat and earn brer so can' slagred. The cultivation of trees is essential to meeting the dehands of the future. น

Trees Most Be. Encouraged. The Forest Service is fully alive to the need for tree planting on a whole- salo scale, In the National Forests there in extensive practice of this form of reproduction. This, however, is a small part of what is necessary. Privato corporation, heavily interested in timber production, are now taking active interest in reforestation and in the conservation.. of timber already growing. This movement of the lumbering interest's potnesson acute economic significance. By inaugurating what is knOW? "forestry manage- ment these companies will follow per- petual lambering on their lands.

Perpetual lumbering has been a thing unknown in America. It takes the place of the old form of lumbering which cut every tree and then moved on to new places of operation, leaving A wake of desolate and deserted lands. This was the wasteful lumbering which brought America to its present shortage af timber.

The tragedien. of migratory, lumber ing are spread across the continent, illustrating in a depressing manner the The successful farm cannot follow the effecta of idle or half-productive land

handicap, for when the timber is logging camp. Even where the soil is

exhausted the sawmills and the lumber. agriculturally venful there is a vital

asing plants move away. These take: with them most of the industria)

high freights. In meeting this penalty | situation is by no mease parallel. mining resource, not to be replaced, we in this process the United States has population. Such farms us may have

the nation is paying the price of genera tons or destrunice lumbering-the Jumbering which treats forests as n mine rather than a crop,

Timber can be reproduced, by simple methods of crop raising. The great mistake of the American nation has

Scant respect would be shown for the farmer who contented himself with a single crop of grain and thengeforward

The Tragedy Of Wanted Land left a trail of barren land, Idle and dia- carded. The country offers nothing more tragic than the vast areas of

bren established thus lose their local markets and the towns pass into decay. or disappear from the map.

EVOLUTION OF A CRANBERRY TART

HAND SPRING

The Bright Red Berries Grow In Dreary Marshes reduces the crop, makes picking difficult, I watch in the lonesome swamp land,

-Used By The Indian Before The White

Man Discovered Their Charm.

[By FRANKLIN' JOHNSON.]

That snappy, red cranberry sauce alaking in a glass dish alongside of your brown, and white turkey may appear a beginning, when you start on your holiday dinner In point of fact, however, this festive stage amid bright Fights and hilarity really the climax of cranberry history.

The Beene changes to a dismal, lone- somu murshland, tial and dreary, where the cranberries grow. This rod, acid. ittle berry is peculiar and exclusive, with requirements that suit no other crop. No ordinary farm or garden soil will produce cranberries, and the climate must be just so, antacid, marahy swamp with moderate, oves climate.

places in the United States where these berrica can be grown, and fewer yet outside of this country. It is quite true that swamps abound in all sections, but the southern swapipiunda must be counted out, for the reason that heat waves are not tolerated by this neid little fruit. On the other hand a tem- perature too low retards the blossom- ing and subsequent development. These, blossoms, by the wayy have a rozem blance to orchids, blooming in company with water lilles and the usual decora- tlons of marshy places.

Wedda A Nuisance.

and causes troublesome weeds to thrive, beneath the cokl and unsympathetic Different qualities of soil must also be

stars. considered in this connection. Some varieties are composed of peat, which allows the water to fain off quickly, while others have compact soil, where water drains off slowly,

Weeds are another problem to be attacked in various ways, although, ag with other nuisances, the best method is to prevent them from being estab. lished. After they do get a start, weed-

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the largest return to the grower com- patible with distribution and consump tiob. Here is where the consumer gets his innlags, for if prices get too high he doesn't cat the cranberries.

Although it may sound as if ther cranberry were extremely delicate, yok in one sense it is hardy and may be ridden over rough shod. The vine is a virile plant and may be trampled, by the raken and pickers Horses and wagons are often driven over the fields. One advantage in cranberry growing is that the fields once properly estab lished are practically permanent and seldom need replanting, except in case of mismanagement. One field i Massachusetts has been lao

operation

stored and marketed. The picking and wish to be a cranberry for the sake † hearty sighty years, under conditions o starts about the first of September, and of getting all this attention.

eternal. vigilance. the

This is the tale of the cranberry and its problems; but on holidayar in blissful

of those who toil, at the festive board arall forgetfulness of the "seumy side, and

we greet CRANBERRY SAUCE

the hand picking looks like hard work. Several central community houses" on the pickerà go crawling about after have been erected in recent years for the little berries. Some of it, however, the accommodation of the is done with rakes pulled through the growers. The berries are classified vines, which is speedier and easier, but when brought into storage. Those with more apt to do injury..

the best "keeping" qualities are, kept separate, and the poorer keeping berries rushed off for speedy sale in nearby towns...

The inventors, of course, have been trying out mechanical contraptions, and a machine that looks like a combination of a steam roller and an automobile

The berries are graded in most

with one wheel is thought, promising, although not thoroughly tried out yet, If it proven successful the grower with smooth fields that can be picked over bounce, while the decaying ones are not shaft of light is spoken of as a "beamy

Few people, probabl realize that

peculiar fashion by the: "Jumping" or A "BEAM" OF LIGHT, "bouncing" process. Somebody had the Ingenuity to discover that sound berries

A Complicated Process. This water question invaives resor-

ing by main force is one resort, though the easter and speedier method is spray- voirs, jumps and pump houses and other

ing from a brass-lined, pump with nome mechanical devices. In spite of this preparation that will not injure the equipment the cranberry regionu are.

cranberry vines, su iron-sulphate spray. hardly spectacular but carry un aspect

The trouble is that most preparations by machine will have the advantage in { so frisky strong enough to kill the weeds will speed. Some growers flood their fields For this reason the berries are sent because its shape resembles wooden of general fatness. The ditches have injure the vines as well. Weeds with for harvesting and scoop the berries down a series of stairs, or bouncing beam, such as is used in putting ap the effect of furrows in a ploughed field"

root systems in the same sall as the and the rectangular pump houses are

cranberry roots will finally crowd.out; "on the flood,” as they call it; this also boards, where the sound berries bounce building. The word "beem” had for the cranberries, or be crowded out by is speady but the crop may be spoiled, freely, while the decaying onen fall back original meaning a large not exactly suggestive of classic them, a survival of the fit, or the unfit, so the practice in gradually being given into separate receptacles,

timber or irun long in architecture. Dikes must be built to

as the case may be. Among the danger up. The more haste, the fewer berries. hold the water in the reservoirs and

weeds are the running briers, the choke)

Where The Berries Grow.!!! thickness. Then the word came thus maintain the needed supply. This

borry weeds, poison ivy, ruakes and In this foodlug process the berries The principal cranberry regions are used of a cross-timber in calls for headgaten, the construction of

kindred plants.

Aro, scooped out of the water and have on the Pacific coast, in Wisconsin, in other vessal, extending After the grower has found the right cat look a cranberry tart in the face must be taken into account. Where the

which requires experienced men. Who The grower finds, also, that the winds to be dried afterwards,

the Cape Cod vicinity of Massachusetts, to the other, to suppor sort of soil, a survey must be made to.

Mechanical Devices Uscien and imagine all the contraptions that

and in New Jersey. The marketing, or Locate the springs anil streams heces have figured in 14 evolution to the method of raking the vines is used they A number of simple automatic devices distributing, is, of course, the foal

upper, structure. sary for alternate draining and flooding holiday dinner tablol The original cranberry man was-of-the-fields In season of drought the

natural that should be raked in the direction of the are uned; as with other grope These "abeger In Wiconshy co-operative soll- ratural water supply drains off, and in

be called famous Lewis and Clarke expedition of winter danding often needed-to-pro- into service pecast warnings by its figure largely in the adventures of these along a board picking up crater on the growers, and later such centres were The Weather Bureau also in called prevailing winds, Floods and winds include a bicycle wheelbarrow that runs ing was first inaugurated by leading

which 1806 the food value of thin barry WAB discovered when Indians were observed.

tect the plants from frost. An expert to the district, officer nearest each cran-little barries.

way, and a little car that runs along a established in New England and New, long, and picking them in a swamp to go with supply, for while the roots of the vines winter warnings against expected · is, required for regulating the waterberry growing station carry fall and Their wild turkey dinner. To-day the

Mach Yet To Be Done.

* track fo the storaga warehouse. These orady. On the Pacifié. Count the 18 commercial cranberry farmer

may live under water, they will hot, frogts. These warnings are so timely After all the management involved The Berries, heed ventilation, and fan, Cranberly Erikaned Thare companies Grow

storage, houses "áre, dholy arranged.|| KIDWAIE- have organized," the Pazifié “Me grow there. Care must be taken, there and so near the danger period that in mining the crop, the process is still even low temperature, so there must stabilah grades for each variety, ship int through a series of methodical profore, to thoroughly understand, the few unforeseen changes occur. Betweenp: 'cessen. He first must locate the water raistions, and the entire drainage seasome, when the weather is tricky in the fist stage, my regards the cone and windowsThe building must be ditional and sking prices accord the Bo

bo mpen opening and closing of doors-ped, keeping in touch with market.com- spacial field required. There are fow system must be studied; poor drainage watch is kept during the hight, a dreary sume The grop must be harvested, kept clored, in wet weather. It malcos grades. A fair price is the one giving

Indiana Used The Berries.

wild Indian. Back in the days of the