1924-07-30 — Page 9

A

WEDNESDAY, JULY 30 1824

throw the blame on any process there as a source of infection and it appeared to him as the attempt of a dying man to catch a floating

TYPHOID.

Jemployed in constructing the new motor road from Mount Keilet Road to the Peak Tram Station. DISCUSSION OF SOURCE OF The heavy rains of June and July

INFECTION.

must have washed into the straw. - reservoin a great deal of Alth which may well have been mixed with "axcreto from typhoid

OTHER SANITARY STEPS,

At the meeting of the Sanitary Board yesterday afternoon, three important subjects were discussed at some length viz.:-

carriers.

THE

CHINA MAJAN

יי

Both

1!

EPIC OF A FORD, !

WANDERWELL FILM.

TO-MORROW.

He would also like to a large audience present.

These

KYNE NOVEL FILMED.

"KINDRED OF THE DUST" AT STAR."

chosen with equal care. The story of Kindred of the Dust is lald in the herole north-west--the home of drama and romance-and the

porary measure the boiling of all his contention was that they should milk was advocated and as a per-go slowly before granting applica- manent remedy the supply of ations wholesale. better water to the Dairy Farm. He proposed that the applica The question of water supply and tions be refused. the contamination of the catch- The Director of Public Works Question Of Latrines,"

Having travelled through more concern of that seconded.

more than forty different countries Dr. Koch was proceeding. to meats" was no

Mr. Tso said the remedy of deal-in the course of their trip round.

Beautiful Mirisin Cooper, who state that Dr. Pearse kid stated at Board's but of the Water Depart

ment which 11.64 autocratic ing with Chinese who did not keep the world in a Ford car, it natural scored such marked success int the last meeting that latrines used although the Board got a comple-thair closets in a sanitary condition ly follows that Caplain Wander- The Birth of a Nation," "In- Dairy Farm Water. by coolies employed in the erection mentary copy of the report of the lay with the Board, It was a well and his sister, Miss Aloha tolerance" and other big pictures, The incubation period of typhoid of new buildings had not been bacteriologist and analyst rogard simple matter for the Board to Wanderwell have some interest is the leading woman in "Kin fever is so long-two to three erected in a manner conforming to ing the water and any questions cancel the permite. He was of the

ing experiences to relate. weeks-and its onset so insidious the regulations when Dr. Pearse naked by the Board were explained, opinion that Chinese should be experiences will forms the imbject dred of the Dust," a First National (1) the outbreak of typhoid that every case notified may be interjected and said that that was Dr. Koch asked exactly what given the chance to educate them of a running lecture in the Star picture showing at the Star fever in the Colony and its prob-expected to have been infected not so.. He had stated that the toats, had been made of the water selves in euch matters.

Theatre to-morrow evening to ex-Theatre this evening, Raoul A. able source of infection; (2) anti-three weeks at least before noti erections were not in accordance used by the Dairy Farth.

Applications Refused.

plain the remarkable cinema film Walsh, husband of Miss Cooper, Dr. Pearse said that lio examined malarial measures in the Colony feation is made to the Medical with the wishes of the Board

Mr. Wong Kwong-tin endorsed which will be screened at the same produced the film from the well- and (8) the general question of Oficer of Henith. Typhoid bacilli although they might be in accord water befors and after the Come Mr. Tso's remarks and asked for time. This film. Around the known novel of the same name by the granting of permission to rapidly die out in reservoirs so ance with the regulations.

pany's so-called filteration. The information se

to how many World in a Fordy will be given. Potor B. Kyne, author of dozens install water closets, with part-that any attempt to detect them

Dr. Koch said that it all leads upltored water was not

one whit Chinese, who used the flush system, together with the lecture, ef both of "best sollers," and one of the cular reference to Chinese houses. several weeks after their pre- to this,

He was of the opinion better than the unfiltered.

had failed in respect mentioned by the matince and the night per "Saturday. Evening Post's" most were bad. There were present at the meet-sumed date of access to the water that owing to the erection of these

the Chair and if there were formances, and after the interest popular writers. Playing opposite Dr. Wong said that the fact (bay complaints received liv. the the Wanderwelis journey hos Miss Cooper is Ralph Graves, and ing:-Mr. N. L. Smith (Chairs usually a failure. However, the new houses and the habits of the there had been 1 European cases Department as regards Eupen aroused locally, there is sure to be the remainder of the cast has been min), the Hon. Mr. H. T. Creasy bacteriological tests of the Dairy evolics employed on them the and on Chinese indicated (Director of Public Works). Dr. Farm water made at my request breeding of flies. was encouraged some food raise suck as the eating know how many Inspectors were W. V. M. Koch, Mr. S. W. Tsp, has undoubtedly shown that the and that in these carriers was the of raw vegetables or the drinking employed by the Board to inspect Mr. Wong Kwong-tin, Dr. W. W water is badly contaminated with source of the trouble,

of inhoiled milk. Pearse (Medical Officer of Health)th which may reasonably be

Touching the warning issued by Dr. So said that even if water water closets and if one or more Dr. A. G. M. Severn (Assistant assumed to have been mixed with the M.O.HI. regarding the necessity milk was alright in the ordi- could be detailed for such work.

He thought they ought to Medical Officer of Health), and Mr.hunun excreta. The huntun ele for boiling water and milk he (Drary way there was always the courage the flush systera as G. S. Kennedy Skipton (Secretary ment yan not be entirely Koch) might say that he drank danger of contamination from flies.

as possible.

Mr. Two said he would like to eliminated from work on a Dairy unboiled water from the pipe, also A campaign against flies was the The Pokfulam Water supply is Farm, and although it is possible unboiled milk and he had not yet fixat essential.

point out that the night" soil system contaminated, according to the for the Dairy Farm Company to had un attack of typhoid. He was

was the worst system of sanitation under the gun. It was a system statement of the M.O.IL, Druse no unsterilised wator in their convinced that the outbreak would W. W. Peurse, who even advocated workshops it is desirable that have been more widespread if the

which in his opinion, bred infer that it should be cut out of the their water supply shall be modi- milk or water supplies were con-

To reply to Dr. Koch's securd tious disease carriers. It was high publle water supply. Dr. Pearse fed so that no water shall be used taminated:

question asking for a report time that the night_soil wystrin also stated that his investigations that has not pässed through the

There is one lesson it ought to anti-malaria measures in the was stopped....

not prepared to recommend that PINKETTES KEEP YOU WELL had led him to the conclusion thit Government. filter beds.

This teach us, said Dr. Koch and that Colony, the Chairman said the The Chairman hastened to point an inspector be detailed for theda ing the hat season of the year by the epidemic was milk-borne and could doubtless be managed by is that there ought to be some sort Sanitary Department was originally out that there was nothing racial in purpose of Inspecting W.C.eping the systeat clean and the blood Pedara-ionally when needed that as a result of examinations of bringing water to the Farm from of

an anti-plague Department and is the question. It was just a um They had neither the time nor the onl public health laboratory activities and the activities of its fer as to whether or not the staff for such a purpose.

They dispel roastination, gently stimulate water used at the Dairy Farm he the Peak or more directly from attached to the Board for the pur-Inspectors were still 60 per cent. Chinese poorer classes were auf- The motion for the refusal of the liver, bazial billousness, vertigo, sick sidas prevent diarrhoea and had come to the conclusion that it the Elliot filter beds. The Sani-pose of carrying on research work,

noti-plague. At the same time fibiently educated to use the system, the applications was then put to the dy untery, keep the skin clear and the was quite possible that the causetary, Board can if it wishes require It is by the mercy of providence they did not lose sight of other properly. Dr. Tao had said that meeting and carried. Messrs. Te baths of Thoy niso raliovo Piller of the epidemic was this weak the Dairy Farm to use no water that there are not more of these dangers and malaria was one of there was nothing worse than the and Wong Kwong-tin rofed homists everywhere sell Pinketten, or point in the armour of the Dairy but that which comes from the outbreaks in the Colony. In con them. If it was true to say that night soil system. To his mind against...

pass free. Ho cents the vial, from Dr.

Farm.

Government mains. The Manager clusion he said that the statement there would be no malaria without there was one thing worse, and This concluded the brisiness illiams Medicine Co., 40 Kiangse Road,

Shanghai... of the Dairy Farm has now pro- of the 31.0.H. seemed to him only nosquitoes it Wak qually that was a badly kept water closet, before the meeting. mised to cut out entirely.the use guess work.

that there could not. be mosquitoes without water. Therefore it was a question of ridding districts, where houses were, of stagnant water by training nullohs.

to the Board),

i3 .

+

In the course of the Sanitary Board meeting Dr. W. V. M. Koch, in reply to whose question the of unsterilised water. but it Dr. Pearse said that the amali statement of the M.0.H. was made, would be safer to have water from number of cases in different parts stated that the cause of the the public supply after filtration of the Colony among people using epidemic had not been found and and safer still for Pokfulam reser-different water supplies did not that the Dairy Farm had been voir to be cut out of the Public seem to him to weaken the argu- fallen back upon by the M.C.I. as Supply. The explanation offered ment as to the epidemic being milk a result. He likened this to a especially as regards the use of hern In fact it pointed to that drowning man clutching at a strawunsterilised water for one cleans-conétusion, And in spite of the and said that in his opinion the ing process at the Dairy Farm is fact that every precaution was -epidemic was fly-borne.

theoretical and merely shows a being taken in the sterilization of Typhoid Epidemic.

possible way by, which milk may the milk he still advised users to The M.OH. (Dr W W Peurse),hase been contaminated for the boil it. Until the Dairy Farm got when called upon by the Chairman Dairy Farm Company follows this a water supply absolutely above to reply to Dr. Koch's question as washing by other processes with suspicion there would always he to What progress has been made the intention of getting rid of any the chance of something happen. in the investigation of the source contaminating matter which maying "I have not jumped to con-¡ of infection in recent cases of have thus gained access to the elusions regarding the milk merely typhoid fever before doing so, apparatus. As, however, even the to save my face," said Dr. Pearse traversed the actual cause of best intentions are liable to fail typhoid with the intention a sometimes, it tin not be said that correcting popular beliefs.

the Dairy Farm is safe as long as its water supply is unsafe.

The Medical Officer of Health went on to say that he had drawn

Dr. Koch asked whether other sources of milk Supply had been the subject of examination in view of typhoid cases in Kowloon.

Dr. Pearse sak that it had been

Source Of Infection. Dr. Pearse then went on to say

inpossible in the short space, of that during the last fortnight so out a rough draft showing the time to go into every source of many cases have occurred that it incidence of paratyphoid and milk supply and the milk drinking has been evident that there has typhoid in the Colony for the precases had all been to do with Dairy been some common source of infec-sent month. The number of Farm milk whose water was, very tion. The first question to be con-Chinese and Japanese cases were questionable. Pokfulam reservoir sidered was that of the probable 14. other cases 55.. -contamination of water as supplied

·

Recent Cases.

was undoubtedly contaminated said Dr. Pears. He had always understood that the water supply for the Dairy Farm came from their own private pipe from the catchment area above the reser: voir.

Dr. Pearses: To Dr. So prepared to carry on the campaign?

Measures.

right"

મ

1

HIST

toria, the training of nullalisha

With regard to the city of Vis been a success. With the great ex- pansion of building during the last five years, especially in Kowloon. it was only natural to think that palaria" had also increased in the same ratio.

As regards what steps Wele being taken he would only say they were always on the look out for bad drains.

He would like to say that at the beginning of the present year the question regarding Kowloon was tairen up by the Medical Officer.l Health, Dr. Woodman, and af Officer of the P.W.D., who formed. va business-like committee. They were assisted by an Offèer kindly lent by the Military authorities who was something of an expert on such matters." They were short-handed and the Medical Officers of Health could not be ex- pected to do much research work after a full day of routine work.. But they were not losing sight of the question, and he thought their forts would bear fruit in the

future.

Dr. Koch called attention to the.. presence of mosquitoes on the Peak, particularly in the Mount Kellet area.

dr

which needed building up, and pointed out that the Sanitary De- partment was not a water-tight compartment. They were here to look after the health of the Colony and if one department said "you can only do this and another said you can only do that," he would Mr. Smith, continaing, said that like to know where they stood.

Mr. Wong Kwong-tin suggested the tracing of the cause of the sent ontbreak bad been extraordit the free distribution of quinine to arily interesting and it should be Government contractor's employees it was considerably engaged in cutting into new land. noted that smaller than that. of last year. There was no further discussion

Dr. Pearse Certainly.

-.

to the public by the water taps from which they would naturally Dr. Koch asked how many cases take their supply. As the disease had been notified since that day has been widely spread through-fortnight.

Dr. Pearse said that at the last out the Colony irrespective of the different sources of water supplied Board meeting one case of typhoid

Mr. N. L. Smith.. Chairman, said to different parts of the Colony and three of paratyphoid had been

The Chairman said that he was and, as the majority of those in-notified but a great number had that Dr. Koch had stated that he

held no brief for the Dairy Farm. urging the Government that the fected had their milk from the been notified since then.

Dr. Koch said that although it it was equally true that Dr, Pearse whole of this district required to Hongkong Dairy Farm, attention was early directed to the milk was a great trial to know that so heki no brief against them. We leared and that several lans supply being the cause of the many more cases had been notified all boasted that we in Hongkong in thal_ricinity should be filled up. Dr. Koch also referred to the epidemic. Milk may be con-it was interesting to hear the had probably the best milk supply

above Severn Road taminated, as can food in private 10: Hs-statement-in view of his east of Suez and there was no

pakken - tium breve several nillahs houses, by farriers employed in a reference to the matter when first doubt about the Dairy Farm tak- dairy. It may also be contaminat-brought up as Peak Tramway ing every possible precaution with their methods of sterilisation, ed by the use of contaminated Gossip."

It struck him, and Dr. Koch, their containers and other mo water used for cleaning milk.pails

He thought, that the and dairy machinery. It may also that there had been no chance to cesses. be contaminated by the use of get at the real source and that in M.O.H. would agree with him in typhoid fouled water to adulterate the attempt that had been made that. the milk, but this appears to have general ideas regarding the spread no application in the present of typhoid had been fallen back epidemic. The Hongkong Dairy upon. The Board would remember Farm derives its water supply that a long time ago (in the time from Pokfulam reservoir and the lof Dr. Pearse's predecessor) a water is unfitered. It is true that page or a half of the annual report the Dairy Farm Company has its was always devoted to the warn The first савея being among on the subject. own so-called fiter, but this is in ing of the public against the use Europeans on s small section of reality merely a strainer and the of salads and green stuffs. It the Peak had at once led them to water after passing through is no seemed to be the belief at that the conclusion that there were s The Board then proceeded to better than the water brought to time that these were the only or more carriers there. Caso consider the general question of the upparatus, Certainly the Dairy causes of typhoid. Things were were. then reported from Kowloon, granting permission to Chinese to Farm has ample means at its dis- at such a stage that when a lady two of the children affected not install water closets in their houses, The Chairman described it us a posal for sterilising its water by who lived on the levels went to having crossed the harbour; cases boiling, but it has been admitted stop with a friend and contracted were also reported from Quarry question of general policy us to that for the cleansing of one typhoid a short time afterwards Bay which had its own water swhether the Board should grant or were of refuse applications for the installu-) important apparatus unsterilised the M.O.H.. stated that the must ply and all these cases

Еигорения.

That made them tion of water closets in Chinese water has been used. The investi-have contracted it through eating think that not only must the qurs bouses. He had written at some gation of possible sources of con- salade whilst on her visit and even tamination of milk at the Dairy though the lady stated that she tior of carriera be eliminated hut length on the subject and he bu also that the belief that con- suggested that such application Furm has not been completed but never touched salade he persisted taminating water was the primary should be refused. The question it is quite possible that the cause in the statement that she must or material cause would have to lie had been brought up by two poli- of the epidemic has been this weak | have done so,

This taken in conjune- cations from the centre of Hong- point in the defensive armour of

by public flash We have got to that stage now, tion with the large number of child kong Gerved.

One application came! the Dairy Farm.

said Dr. Koch, we cannot place dur cases had led them to the conclus latrinen. Pokfulam Reservoir has long been finger on the source and the Dairy tion that the disease was being from a boarding house where 100

milk borne.

Chinese were housed, The other known to be a questionable source Farm has been fallen back upon.

waw from a shop with hont 20 employees. The applications were members were unable to come to a referred to, a Committed but the

revised,

Water Closets.

of water supply but the water maintain, said Dr. Koch, that Loopholes Somewhere. derived from it and distributed to there would have been a far the Colony generally first passes greater incidence of typhoid if the one in the Colony who knew any Regarding the Dairy Ferm no through the Government filter causes were infected milk and thing about its workings could decision on the matter, stating that beds and has also lately been water. And if it was due to blame them. They were most they preferred that the matter chlorinated. People who draw infected water then the P.W.D. exemplary in dealing with the which was one of general policy water directly from Pokfulam are to be blamed for not warning mild from the time that it left the should be discussed by the whole rasstuðir. jur great bisk from the pubic against deinding the but when snob arm ware Board Ho was of the opinion time to time of drinking water water. Instead of such a warning entirely dependent on a water that if the general policy of in which has been polluted by there had been monthly reports supply whion, proved on analysis to stalling water closets in Chiname fouling of the Pokfulam catchment from the analyst stating that the be really bad and their so-called houses was adopted they would not area. Their only defence is to boil water was satisfactory

filtering not to have any effect on got proper sanitary attention and their water. It is probable that He had no brief for the Dairy at all, was it saking of the Board would not be kept clean. Ho too much to believe with the thought the time was not yet sipu recently there has been an unusual Farm, he held no shares in it and0.B. that even their extra-for the wholesale adoption of the fouling of this catchment area had, in fact, never been in it, but cuinarily careful methods were hot Bush system is predecess owing to the number of cooliesit did seem to him very unfair to aboutely an iron ? As Shows rory ukreng on the ot

Ú

fact that it comes from the peat

He thought the conditions of the latter were much worse. He again of Mr. Kyne is sufficient guaranted advised the Board to go slowly of its ability to entertain. More

The Medical Officer of Health than that it is not necessary tą “ replying to Mr. Wong Kwong-tin my, and cinema-goers can rest said that his questions called for assured that the picture fully main- figures and as such, notice of samtains the high standard set by should be given in which case the First National. figures asked for, could probably h given.

The Chairman said that he was

TYPHOID

IT POURS OUT

EPIDEMIC

Copy of advertisement in the local newspapers':-

USE

OW

TYPHOID FEVER.

WING TO the above mentioned disease being unusually pre- valent in the Colony-at-present the Public is vised to boil all drinking

water and milk before use.

W. W. FEARSE. Medical Officer of Health. Hongkong, 21st July, 1924.

(The italics are our aimc).

MILKMAID NATURAL

NATURAL MILK

NO

IT'S

ILKMAID EANS

M

SHIPBUILDERS.

REQUIRES

BOILING

BECAUSE

STERILISED

IN THE TIN.

TERILISED

STERILIS

SHIP REPAIRERS. BOILER MAKERS. FORGE MASTERS, OXY-ACETYLENE, AND ELECTRIC WELDERS,

MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRICAL

ATURAL

NAT

LIMITED.

MICROBES

THE TAIKOO DOCKYARD & ENGINEERING COMPANY

ENGINEERS,

OF HONGKONG,

-DRY DOOK-

Length":987. F'est.)

Langth on Blocks: 750 Feat

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