1920-02-25 — Page 8

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AVIATION IN WAR.

[Continued from page 6.)

Telephons 29.

Our ever useful 2-seater is again used for photography. This again. is.

most important part of the serial

It was long time before co-opera-army's duty. Imagine yourselves 23 tion between other branches of the wishing to amick an enemy country army and the air force was thought of which you have no maps and very practicable, but towards the end of scanty information as to the disposi the war it was of daily occurrence. tion of the enemy's forces. You This work was known as the "Con- send up a few machines to take photo- me: Patrol and necessitated fairly graphs of the enemy area. These low flying. Casualties in the air machines bring back their photographs were heavy but the results justified¦ which are all teken at the same { the losses. A large part of an aero height. They are pieced together lik= plane's usefulness is measured by the a mosaic, and in no time you have, a excellent moral effect it produces. It perfect map of the country you wish encourages one's own troops to see to attack. There are two forms of their own aeroplanes overhead, while photographs-direct and oblique. The the existence of enemy machines direct are taken by a fixed camera overhead has an opposite and disturb-pointing downwards, and this is the ing effect.

At one period of the war method used for mapping. The

I was engaged in night-flying, and chique" photograph is taken by e though we carried out bombing raids movable camera which is pointed nightly, their value was largely obliquely at the terrain of which one the rest disturbing" they efected wants a general view. In the former An army, which is in constant dread case it is most important that the

of night raids Jeses sleep and con-machine be held with wings quite sequent efficiency.

level, A small spirit level is inserted

"I have described the two-seater as in the aerial camere to help the photo- theman-of-all-work" of the air.grapher to do this.

late war, using one of these cameras.

but its two main functions are Lighter A third type of camera was inveni- Reconnaissance and Artillery, co-ed during the war. This was a operation. They often do the contact kinama type operated by means of a patrol work I have referred to above small aerial screw or propellor. Hay- (this is chiefly done by single seater ing pressed a spring, ali one had to machines) and may be asked to take do was to fly up and down over the a General into the air in order to area to be photographed and the pro- show him the terrain over which apeller operated the camera. ire- forthcoming battle is to be fought. member on one occasion, during the It may be that a staff officer has to visit another part of the line quickly, was unescorted and had to engage again the two-seater is brought into a German Fokker. We had a very use. Sometimes it may be asked to pleasing scrap, but I forgot to scop do the dangerous but exciting work my camera and the him, when it was of picking up or dropping a spy over developed, consisted of pieces of sky the enemy's lines. If the machine and patches of earth. hall earth and cannot land in the enemy's country sky in fact. a muddle from which owing to there being no suitable land-the most skitful general on earth ing ground. the spy is dropped by would have found it difficult to gather means of a parachure. To pick him any useful information t I should ep a rendezvous is fixed at some place point our in connection with the fore- where a machine can land. This kind going, that in an aerial combat the of work requires a steady and cool machine is very rarely flying on brained pilot and is naturally accom-level keel. It is diving, wheeling. panied by great risk of capture.

climbing or turning steeply, and my The two-seater is again used for machine was therefore taking photo- day bombing. In this case the graphs which were no use to any. machine must be powerfully engined body.

as she has to carry her load of bombs, The foregoing I think gives you "an pilor and observer. The bombs are approximate idea of the work of the placed under the fuselage and dropped two-seater, and this brings to the con- by means of a bomb release. The sideration of the long distance night sights or bombing are capable of bomber of which there" were four good deal of improvement, and many types in use during the war-the pilots still prefer to drop their bombs French Farman, the Italian Caproni. by guess work rather than by use of the British Handley Page and the the proper sighting instruments. In German Gotha, the last named being the cases where bombing takes place copied from the second Handiey Page from very low altitudes, the rule of that went to France, which, having thumb is all right, but in proper or lost its way, landed on Lille aero- ganised bombing raids from normal drome, then in the hands of the Ger- heights the bomb sight should be mans. This was a very serious loss. used. One of the difficulties is that as it landed intact and was of course the speed of the wind has to be taken at once copied by the Germans. before the raid starts, and this may

The long distance night bomber have changed at the time and place utbrought out the very great importance which the raid is to be carried out. of navigation in the air. The skilled One of the inventions that is badly navigator no longer looks at the needed for aerial warfare is an inground to see where he is going, but strument which will automatically eat his compass. By means of com- gister the speed that one is travelling

at through the air and over the ground. pass flying and a few simple calcula

1 should perhaps point out here the ions he should pick up his objective. which may be hundreds of miles from difference between air speed and the starting point, without looking at ground speed.

Ground speed is that the ground at all; just in the same at which one actually travels over

way that a ship navigates the track- country. For instance if one flew less ocean. The long-distance night | from Peking to Tientsin, say a dis-bomber was the forerunner of the tance of 20 miles, it would take an hour to travel the distance in in 80 successful commercial machine of

to-day. m.p./h. machine, but this speed would

be retarded by an opposing wind and The evolution of the heavy bombe accelerated by a following winding or weight carrying machines Thus the speed that one travels brings to the mind the possibility of through the air and over the ground moving troops by air. I de not mean is quite distinct and different. Toto suggest that Divisions or even return to cur bombing raid; the Brigades should be transported by air, machines which actually drop the but I should like you to consider the bombs are followed by machines possibilty of a small force being land- equipped for aerial photography, ed far behind the enemy's lines with Photographs are taken of the damage the idea of destroying valuable arteries)

The done, and very shortly after the of supply or communicatiori. machines have returned home, the largest British machine could carry Fifteen of such photographs are; developed, printed may 50 people.

and handed over to the Army Com- machines could take 500 men and the mander. An idea of my own is to supplies necessary to keep them led have an automatic developing tank for an appreciable period, and though fitted alongside of the camera, and it might prove impossible ever to re directly after the, plate is exposed it move them from the enemy's coun- could drop into the developing tank, try, it might be well worth - letting and be handed out, on returning to them be captured after they had the aerodrome a fally developed achieved their object. I anticipate plate. This would mean the saving that an undertaking of this sort would: of an appreciable amount of time when be opposed by the soldier on the ground of impracticability, and it is jou time may be of the most value

The machines that do the photo this very reason that and many graphy and bombing are escorted by others who have studied the matter. a formation of fighting scouts, whose always advocate a separate service for duty it is to protect the bombers from the air: and here I should like to read atok by hostile aircraft.

to you two extracts from the recent

THE CHINA MAIL.

EARLIER TELEGRAMS.

(Reuter's Serves to the China Mail.) AUSTRIA IN EXTREMIS..

VINA, February 20th. The State Chancellor, in course of a speech, declared that, should help from the Great Powers, on which Austris relied not come in time, the moment bad come when the Austrian people must be permitted to try another solution, namely, | union with Germany.

LONDON, February 20th. The Vienna Relief Fund has reached the total of £100,000.

HOLLAND AND THE LEAGUE.

THE HAVE February 20th. The Second Chamber has passed. by an votes to 3. the Bill tor Holland's adhesion to the League of Nations.

report made by the American Aviation Commission, which visited Europë last July.

This mission consulted in England, - France and Italy, Ministers, Naval Military, Air Force authorities and other experts. After a complete study of the organisations in all the three premier aviation countries, their re- port contained the following :—

**Great Britain considers the. dominance of the ais-as important as that of the seas, and is avowedly planning a definite policy of aérial development to that end. Oving to the co-ordination for more than two years of her aircralt activities. she is well in the lead if practically every phase of aerial development.

In any future war victory mast incline to the belligerent able first to achieve, and later to maintain, supremacy in the air.

Great Britain's plan of organ- isation is not perfect, but undoubt- edly it stands 'to-day the most "com- prehensive Governmental mechan- ism yet set up by any nation for the encouragement, upbuilding, direc- tion and control of its air recourses. This organisation has been born ol five bitter years of trial, misteko, experience and progress. It is the product of the best brairs in the British Empire focussed under the spur of rational need and the de- mand! of the British people. America may well study it care- fully."

I think the foregoing shows that the single control, arrived at after much tribulation, is the goal to sim at.

This brings us to the end of the land machines, and we now have to consider, the machine that flies over the sea. Their work is naturally more in co-operation with the Navy than the "Army, and I'must accordingly-con- less to a somewhat scanty knowledge of them. Every large feet in the future will be accompanied by a ship equipped as an aeroplane carrier. which affords a clear deck sufficiently large for an aeroplane to fly from and Jand on.

The Seaplane is 'handicapped by its clumsy, heavy floats, and by the fact that it is difficult to land on rough water, Neither the seaplane nor the flying boat played, a very important part in the war, but there is no doubt that both are destined to play an im- portant part in civil aviation.

I should like to say a few words on the subject of training personnel for wir. Just as soldier's life is spent mostly in. being trained to that pitch at perfection necessary for war, so it is in the air. Even during a WAT large numbers of pilots, who would be very valuable at the front, have to be kept at home to train others to

All the gaps caused by casualties. This points to the absolute necessity for an efficient training deparament. I have no hesitation in attributing our success in the air to sound training methods. The finest machine in the world is of no use if the pilot is trained not skiifal and not well in the use of his machine. The best pilot in the world may be shot down if he has not been trained in the use of his machine gun. The pilot who flys beautifully and shoots accurately is no use unless he can find his way about and read a map accurately. The most accurate shot with a tomb is no use unless he can find the place he wishes to bomb.

The man who builds a beautiful palace without any foundations is foolish and his palace will not last. nor does one build, a house,, starting with the roof. I'should like you to consider the Training of your Air Force as the foundation, and the train ed force as the roof that completes the structure.

་

May I say, before I sit down, how much I appreciate your kind attention to what I have had to say, and that if you find any of my remarks worthy of consideration I shall consider that. you have paid me a great compliment. I should like to add, that if there is any point I can make clear, I shall be only too glad to do so..

General Ting Ching then addressed" the audience and the proceeding closed with a vote of thanks to the lecturer The lecture was ably translated by MT, Z. Y. Lec:

DON'T COUGH.

Tis abord to allow rough to hang me mual and 'yar vitality when Chamberlain's Perth Romedy will cord' yon You don't know where a persis tent couch will Indð von. You can't " afford to allow your throat and fun a to : become diseased when it is satha imple thing to step into a chemist's abon, and get a bottle of Chamberlain Conuri

Remedy Frie sala by all Chemists arh Bloreksoptric

RATS KILLED BY FRIGHT.

YARNISH AS DEATH-TRAP.

TRADE IN RUSSIA.

•

NORMAL CONDITIONS

FORECASTED. §.

As the result of experimente cur- ried our by his department, Dr. How- "Business prospecta in Russia are arth, Medical Officer for the City of bound to improve soon," said Mr.li London, is now able to recommend Reginald W. Scott to a reporter of Yarnish as one of the most effective the Japan Advertiser. Mr. Scott is ways of destroying rate on a large the representative of the Russian scale). 31

American Company for International

them..

In an interview, Dr. Howarth ex-Trade of Gaston, Williams and Wig- plained that the subarance used is more. He was born in Russia and strong lithographic varnish. It should knows the trading possibilities of be warmed by heating the container that country as few men can know

When holding it, in boiling water.

"I would not advise. however, warm the varnish will run, and in this condition, it should be spread arms to start there, until the Scott said, "It would involve a one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch country has become settled." Mr. thick on pieces of strawboard or fairly colossal expense. The Bolsheviks thick cardboard measuring about 15in, will eventually have to modify their by 12in. A margin of about an inch policy in regard to their treatment should be left clear of varnish, and of the people. They will have to the bait placed in the centre of the respect the representatives of other board where it will adhere to the nations, both politically and com Farnish. The traps should be placed mercially. This the saner leaders of along the rat runs, or near the holes, the Radicals realize. They know They remain effective for about four that it will not pay them to war Hays, when the old varnish should with the whole world. be scraped off and a fresh layer applied.

too

"I do not mean that socialistic propaganda will cease this will go on the same as now, but I do not think that the Balsheviks intend to put in force their military terrorism to institute a world-wide campaign in favour of Bolshevism.

"Trading relations at present are at a standstill, but both factions must speedily come to an arrangement for their mutual benefit. All business is risky now, and the only policy for a business concern to adopt is that of moderation.

We are continually faced with the rat problem in the City, said Dr. Howarth. We first discovered varnish being used in a place in Fenchurch street Since than we have experi- merted very successfully. In same cases we have had "bags" of 60 and 80. and I can recommend it as an ex cellent means of ridding a place of ra's. Disappointments arise chiefly through the varnish being too weak or tacky." This allows the rais to move on it with impunity. We The basis of the new business are endeavouring to meet that must be that of primitive days-of possibility by standardizing the quali barter. The accumulation of raw ty of the varnish. People should stuffs can be exported only in ex- continue to put down the boards so change for manufactured goods, for long as they are catching rats. It of course no manufacturer would be does not matter if a board has had a willing to open credit with Russia dead rat on it. They should just yet. In the meantime, the trading remove the body and put on more possibilities will be restricted to varnish.

articles of the first necessities of life, such as food stuffy and fuel At present Russia has no manufactured articles to offer but there is an

The varnish is not poisonous, and a coroner's jury, would probably ascribe death to natural causes for lowing a sbock, continued Dr. accumulation of raw stuffs and old Howarth. I think that the rats die stocks in various stages of deteriora- of fright. Once their tails stick their tion and decay, which owing to the doom is sealed. They never get near cessation of military operations, will the bait. They get their feet in the not be wanted, and will be liquidated. varnish and the more they struggle the "As soon as some kind of a Gay faster they stick. Rats caught dur-ernment can be established, order ing the night are always dead in the restored and proof given to the world morning, and it is a very remarkable that. justice to a certain degree can thing that if two rats get on to the be obtained in Russia, politically and varnish together one of them kill commercially, the vale of the rouble the other. Evidently each thinks will improve and business relations that the other is holding him. Then will automatically readjust them. there is battle royal, and selves, but I do not look for a start- we find one with i's neck bitten ling change in this respect--it will through. As to the cruelty of it, we be a gradual improvement.” caabot "afford to waste sentimen', and it is certainly not as cruel as phosphorous poison, which takes. about fur hours to kill.

RAPID REPAIRS BY

BRITISH ENGINEERS.

Dr. Howarth produced a couple of the victims of his experiments, in each case the bait was untouched) The Public Health Department at the Particulars. are now available of Guildhall is ready to furnish inform-some extraordinary rapid repairs lion and to recommend manuface carried out by British shipbuilders turers for supplying the varnish:

JAPANES

WAR SERVICE DEC RATIONS.

after naval actions. HMS. "Lion,” Admiral Beatty's dagship, was seri- ously damaged in the Dogger Bank 6ght, and about 1.500 square feet of plating had to be repaired under water. Four coffer dams were built, lowered into the water in position, In appreciation of the meritorious and attached to the ship's side by services rendered in connection with bridles and drawn 'tight, they were the war in Europe and in Siberia the then pumped dry. A fortnight | following foreign army and naval was occupied in blasting away attaches in Tokyo have been about 150 tons of concrete decorated.

which had been used to Second Order of Merit with Order fill in the damaged portions of the of the Sacred Treasure to Major | hull, and the entire repairs were HMS. General C. R. Wondrow, Military At completed in seven weeks. tache to the British Embassy. "Marlborough," a super-dreadnought, Fourth Order of Merit with the badly injured by torpedo in the Jut Order of the Sacred Treasure to land battle, was repaired in six Mator I. W. Marsden, Attache | weeks, although many experts who Militaire provisoire to the British saw the damage were incredulous Embassy.

that the work could be done in so Minor Cordon of the Rising Sun to short a period. The men worked Major Baron Lapomarede. Military from six in the morning till nine at Attache to the French Embassy. night with xyacetylene Sarning Fifth Order of Merit with the plants and pneumatic power. Close Double-rays of the Rising Sun to on 7,900 war vessels and merchant. Captain Charles Grenier, assistant men were repaired on the north east Military Attache to the French coast during the war, and in addi Embassy.

tion over 20,000 vessels were repaired afloat wiltin the same area.

Third Order of Merit with the Order of the Sacred Treasure to Lt. Colonel William J. Davis, Military Attache to the French Embassy,

Third Order of Merit with the Order of the Sacred Treasure to Com- mander Carlo Genz, Naval Attache to the Italian Embassy.

THE WEED.

(BY WALT MASON,) Tobacco prices, too, bave soared, Fourth Order of Merit with Order in keeping with the price of board, of the Sacred Treasure to Major of clothing. books and boots; and Cosma Manera, assistant Military Attache to the Italian Embassy..

tion. .....

now we feel soufe mental jars when

Fifth Order of Merit with the. we dig up for punk cigars and cauli Double-rays of the Rising Sun to flower cheroots. There was an olden, Lieutenant Cugia di Sant' Orsola, golden time when I could take a hard-earned dime, and buy a royal assistant Naval Attache to the Italian smoke; a torch that drove away my Embassy.

Fifth Order of Merit with the care, restored the colour of my hair, Doublerays of the Rising Sun to and made grief seem a joke. But Lieutenant Luiz de Alencastro Graca, now the torch that costs a dime would Naval Attache to the Brazilian Lega: drive the purchaser to crime, to araon and the like; it's made of rhubarb leaves Fourth Order of Merit with the and sage, and oftthe smoker, in a rage, Order of the Sacred Treasure to invokes the shade of Mike. The Major Chao Wei-shih, assistant time has come. I must admit, when Military Attache to the Chinese it is wisdom- true to quit the habit, once for al; for most cigars are Legation,

made of trine, the stuff we purchase for the pipe is ground up overall. And only plutocrats can buy the honest weed, it comes so high, and "higher still's" the news; what wonder that the poor man grieves?

Bet of gold cups to Major General Yo Ken-sin, Military Attache to the Chinese Legation.

-- DON'T RISK PNEUMONIA.

E rid of every cold as quickly as I'm tired of smoking cabbage leaves possible. It is the forerunner of all and dessicated shoes. I'm tired of pulmonary trouble, and pneumonia insy throwing coin away for sacks that develop in a few hours. Take Chamber should be labelled hay, but bear lain's Coub Remedy It is a

sintple thing to do, bm the effet in tobacco's brand; and so I say to marvellous For salo by, all Chamia every toff, This the time for swear- and Btorskeepers.

ing off! Let's do it, hand in handi

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TYRES

0

TYRES

TYRES

Un account of recent large arrivals at favourable...

are able to offer the well - knewz exchange we U. 8. CHAIN TYRES at great reduced rates froimin 1st February as follows:-

8 20

0.74.

TYRES-

28 x 3

30 x 3

21.16

6.15.

24.25

7.40:

34 × 41:

36 x 4

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30 x 3. 31 x 4 31 × 31

32 x 4

31.50

35 x 4

-49.70

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Subject to change without notice.

Confidential Discount for quantities upon að

ANDERSEN- MEYER & CON LTEA

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TE 3191