1919-09-10 — Page 9

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1919

THIS WATER SUPPLY.

Lavel and Stange of water in reserrolre

on the 1st September, 1919;-

SITE AND HILL, DEVRIGT WATER WORKI

HONGKONG STOCK

EXCHANGE.

HONGKONG, 10th SEPTEMBER{}}}, OFFICIAL QUOTATIONS. 11. AM

По

·Bysan Intermankinta. Du

Wone at Chengo 1 ku below ovenłam.

·Syam Tak

North China In-

Yangtze Ins..

LIVEL

1018

19156

..

Tybum Leral HD

BATTL

Level with werden..

Hongkong Banks,

Tylam Byerkali-

Dal

Dow

MARY INTURATORS.

Do

Canton Las

Do

Union Ins..

自接

H

Far Eastern

Ubina Fire Ind

1919.

234.00

BEITTING.

Douglases

* Lis, below owadów

Fortelsm, Level with

Lard with owafios,

otardaw

VORES IN KILLJONS, AND· DROTKALE OF SALLONE.

TyLim

want inain---,

#17

1919.

Du

191.00

$475,00

1,1A.00

组的

30.13

04.01

8,11.0

***.16771 b.

Hongkong Fire. Ins

ELK. Steambo ...

Indo-Chinas (Prel) 200

W

T..100 b. $315

290

.T. 19 b.

H

..$338.

$45

... 0243 1.

Do

(Del.) ***

Shell Transports

Star Ferrien

1924 1774

b.

KaYzERIES..

Cementstion mult

$18.

4:55

cintial population. $72,700-

Compton per homil?

24.6:

1915

1:6300

MJ pallons

China Butary, 19

0176

10

M..

Halabon BugacE. ***

P

MINIKG

Tam Thatlata"-men

one Nel Chane

2000.

Totalme 2,117.04 Consumption of water in the ty

and Hill District in millions and decimali

of gallons during the month of August.

154 000

sö% b.

T 18

Constant supply in all dietriose during

August of both 1918 sed 1919.

Kalan Mining Adm. 199

Langkatz...m

Shanghal Loans

S'hal Explorations

Raabe

Trouch Mines...

Ural Caspiana *

DOCKS, WHARTEL, Gorowna, &c.

KOWLOON WATER WORKS: LETHlas

1910 >Mexico Orartta Larol with Mervoir...{ marlow,

1010. Lord with

overdiare.

152.50

144

部

$2.10.b. 448 b.

47/6 0.

$108.

BLON IN KILLIGE AND NOTIKALA 29-JAZLOTY

11:9.

Kroes Gravitation 351.50

Barton

} Consumption of water in Kewicon In ions and decimals of gallons daring the month' of August..

H. W. Doekaan me .... 179 b.

Barda, Hosta & Benaires,

Comption:

1915 39.67

mtimated population „

Consumption per Band

102,200

TEA

1911

43.51 10,300

13,4

S

per day marat

لسماوي

The Government Analyst's reports show

- that the water is of excellent quality.

Public Works Department.

P. CHATHAN,

Water Authority.

CHILL ON THE LIVER

is a frequent cause of sickness at this time of year. Therefore keep your liver active. your system clean and your body healthy by the occasional use of

PINKETTES

thus avoiding chills and colds, constipa- tion bilious attacks, wick headaches.

Pinkettes are tiny but thorough, act sa gently as nature. Of chemists, or post free, 80 cents the vial from the Dr. Williams Medicina Co., 98 Szechuen Road, Shangbai.

CHAMBERLAIN'S COUGH

REMEDY.

TEIS remedy has no superior sa a cure

cough.

It has been a favourite with mothera of young children for almost forty years. Chamberlain's Cough Remedy can always be depended a port and is plomant to take.

It not only cures colds and grip. bat prevents their resalting in prentunis.

Chamberlain's Cough Remedy con- daim no opium or other narcotic and.. may be given as confidently to a child as to sa adult. For sale By All Chemista and Scorekeepers.

A. KWAI & CO.

# 18 & 19 Connaught René Central, HONGKONG,

"NAVY CONTRACTORS" Ship Chandlers, Deal Marchants, B-Makers, General Storekeepers

AND

Boap and Soda Manufacturore. Cable AC, AKWAI".

Tel No. 19

EL &E. Wharts

Bhai Docks

New Engineerings

Central Estates

Hongkong Hotels

Humphreys

Kowloon Landis,

West Points

G

COTTON MILLA,

Hongkong Lands ..

**

T116.

*T. 35. b.

*** (109) m

肉

Land Reclamations...

Ewo Cotton

Kung ika Emon Kung Mow

Orientals

Shanghal Cottons

Yangiazepoos

MISCHILARIOUS,

Cementa...

China-BorneoK

110.

$46 3. $175.

$942.

1.300 b.

Tis b

--T 207) 0.

T112 T198

...T 14b.

$8.10 b.

China Lighta Old & Ne

Unica Providents

Dairy Farms,

H.K.

Macao

Electrics

Hongkong Boper

HK. Tramways Peak Tramways (Old)..

do.

8291

8 31

$8.35

... $73 b. (New) ... $ 480 b

Stearn Laundries H.K. Steel Foundry.

Water-boats

Watsons Fowells

Wiseman...

...

810 b. 18:

5416.

MEE CHEUNG

PHOTOGRAPHER

Ice House Street.

Tako a new style photo in nice

sepia colour toned from above studie or ring to. 1013.

Branch Opposite City Hall.

TAIYO & CO.

(JAPANESE)

BOOTS AND SHOES MADE TO OROSE..

No. 3, Wyndham St.

Pennsylvania

THE CHINA MAIL."-

BANKS.

Banking Service with AMERICA

-direct and personal

XPORTERS or importers now engaged in, or thinking

EX

of, trade with America would do well to consider not only the special nature of our facilities, but also the personal interest, we take in every one of our customers' transactions.

-

First of all, we offer direct banking service-without intermediary dealings, or unnecessary delays.

Equally important is our personal service. Every transaction is followed through, both here and in America, by our own representatives with a personal interest,, the value of which is evident in the service rendered.

May we talk with you about America?

Head Office-New York.

Other branches in

SHANGHAI-HANKOW-PEKING—TIENTSIN

Asia Banking Corporation

HONGKONG.

[STOCKHOLDING BANKS]

Angle and London, Paris National Bank, San Francisco Bankers Trust Company, New York City First National Bank of Portland, Oregon Guaranty Trust Company of New York ""

Mercantile Bank of the Americas, New York City National Bank of Commerce, Saattle, Washington,

EXCHANGE.

Hongkong, September 12, 1919.

On Lendon-

Bank, Wire

On demand,

F

n

20 days sight

་་

4 months' High ...

Credits,

4 months' sight,

Documentary

On Faris-

On demand,

4 months' sight 4/2

Credits, 4 months' sight, 700

On Now

York-

On demand

Credits, 60 days sight,

... 85

On Bombay-

Wire,

PROTA

Os demand,

J

100.

On

200

On domatidia.

Top

LOR

On Slagspore

On demand.

179

On Mandl

On demand,

173

On Ebanghet

On demand

30 days' sight(private paper)..mm. - On Yokoham

On demand,

167

Gold Ees, 100 fine (per teel) 35.40 Sovereigne (Bank's buying rate) $4.80 m. Bilver (per oz.)

Bar Blver in Hongkong Chinese Copper Cash in Chinese Copper Cezba......... Eate of Native Interest Chinese Bab. Coin Bouskong Sub. Cala

37% pin. n. *** 8 % pm.

8 I pm

par..

VACUUM CUP

6000 MILES

CORD TIRES

UALITY ia a tire is not appreciated until

. continued trouble-free performance.

it

asserts itself through long:

The gauge to this service is the mileage total recorded when the casing finally is discarded,

The notabla achievement of nine stock tires which, put to official finish test by the Automobile Club of America, averaged 8,760 miles, definitely established the un-. usual quality of Vacuum Cup Tires.

The rainy day certified test of the Pitta- burgh Taxicab Company-in which beavy car equipped with Vacuum Cup Tires was driven around a wet earner at 25 miles an hour without skidding-

conclusively proved the guaranteed ability of the Vacuum Cup tread to resist akid- ding on wet, slippery pavements..

In addition to this proved driving safety and the mileage guarantee per warranty tag-of 6,000 miles, Vacuum Cup Tires are reasonably priced. They cost approxi mately the same as ordinary 3,500 mile tires and much less than other "makes carrying equal mileage surety.

SPECIAL PRICES.

ON SIZES AVAILABLE FROM STOCK IN HONGKONG.

Clincher.

3x3 31x4*

Straight Side.

32" x 34

39 x 1

Malere also of Pennsylvania Ásto

5.60

Price Bach Tirom 80.00...

Tabee

4.00

38.00.

*4.50

*** 54.50,

*0.00

"Ton Tested"

PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER COMPANY Jeannet

GERIN, DREVARD & CO.

Telephone 114

Sole Agents in South China

BANKS.

THE BANK OF CANTON, LAND,

-w! Hwan Orman ---HONGKONG.

ExtantæIDES "1AIL.

Fald-up Capital

Besaryse and Undivided

Proit

Cảm

咖啡裡

$1,000,000

→

500,000

·and.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE. General Banking Businam tuamusstað.

CURRENT ACCOUNTS opened ind FIXED DEPOSITS Bocaired..

INTEREST ON FIXED DEPOSITS.

For Months 3% per annum. For 8 Months 4% per anngu.. For 14 Months 44% per annum.

LOOK. POONG BHAN,

Chial Manager. Hongkong, March 10, 1919,

THE BANK OF EAST ASIA, ETD,

KRAD, OFFICE:

Hi. #Queen's Bond Central

Fam-Up QANLAN

TNPRONOMERSET

$3,000,000.

Mr. Pong Wai. Ting --Chairmen Mr. Chow Show Bas, Mt. Kan Ying Po

Mr. Mon, Ching Kong, Mr. Fang Fang Soom Mr. Chan Ching Book, Mr. Ng Chang Lak.

Äste. Maxanik ............. The Tang, Bvery Ameriyitom of Banking and. Hastangų beating creammoček, Kona, granted on syprević:

Tembam Allerd in Currana Reports ARANEM sh the xade of TUD DAR, CHURT. PET ÁRBU, and en Trzad Deponita as the following rgbigyan-

For 4 months at the ruin of 3% per Agrum, For 6 months at the xato cit 42 Pur-19 momias at the rate of 5% per annum.

KAN TONG PO,

Chalet Hanague.

Hongkong, March 15, 1919,

THE BANK OF CHINA. 行銀國中

(Specially authorised in China by Presd- | dential Marcate of 22nd November, 1817).

Authorised. Capital

THE INDUSTRIAL AND Paid-up Capital

COMMERCIAL BANK, LTD.

Hand Odes: Del Forum Boad, Castraž Hankow Kranch: Kussian Conesaaton. DOMESTIC & FOREIGN BANKING.

SERVICE PROMPT. Current, Savings, and Fixed Deposita bear Interest at Rates %, 4%, 5%. respectively.

Inquiry on our SPECIAL SERVICE will be welcouted.

J. UBANG LY,

Meager,

Hongkong, July 7, 2019.

THE CHINESE MERCHANTS BANK, LTD.

理查辰有扫三大

HEAD OFFICE:--

17, Queen's Road, Contai

Chairman of Bează. of Direct

·LAN MIT CHETI, KAŞ

Umaral Banking and Exchange basinage aime,

Acted.

Lonas grated' as sygroved someliten. Carena (Artists spread and First Dupontin PROVÉvať, að rates which may be joustatud. applicatios.

The Beal sing conducts a Barings Departinant,

"LUE-BGAN, S

CLIN MARAEOT),

"Hongkong, April 9, 1912,"

THE CHUNA PROVIDENT LOAN AND MORTGAGE CO., LTD.

(Capital Faid up

$1,350,000:).

Loans Mortyses of Homme PropertyE, AND Gooda monłund as Storses.

'Asiyanom tezda on MarcbenĒN

Zoase male as the Providen Öykset. -

TRUETER EXDOJUTOS OF WILLA, AZJORNET, ku. Undurtakım 201 JENCEVIC,

(and/Partionises su

SHEWAN, TOMES & 00., General Managers.

PELE

NOTICE.-

AX TRAMWAYS COMPANY,

LIMITED

TIME TABLE

WERK DAYE.-

7.00 8.00 undrary 15 minutos 4,00 1,1 to 78.80 1.19........... Every 10 sebule 0.30 am, to £1,00°, m.Miracy 26 zubeist 11.50 a.fito12.45 p.m... Wvery 15 minu 12.45 p.m. to 1.15 p.memvay 10 L15 p. 145 pmrary 15 1.45pato 2.15 pasim Myery 103

NIGHT CARS. 6.60 pamme, 9.00 yilning 1.30 păm 9.30 pm to 11.30 pm. Avay

BATURIRAYE, EXTRA CIAR-12 midnight."

BUNDATË,

8,00 m. lo 10.59 1.mamHrary 15 jakost -10,372.5; 6: 11,60's.mmFrey 101 11.30a.m. in 11.Bomä...livery 15 ) 12.00 noon 0100p

100 p

6:00p.m. boe so

| 8,30 pm:bʊ... 18,00

Broty

NIGHT CARS as on Wask Daya,

80,000,100,00 13,778,801,00

Eeserve Funds...moja” 197.400.00

BANKS

CONGKONG ▲ BHANGHAI THE DELAESE DID BANK OF ·

Ho

--BANKING CORPORATION." A INDIA, AUSTRALIA & CHIVAN

„800,000 || INCORPORATED IT BOWAL. Chast

21,000,000

1883.

Esan Crne LONDOMA

- $38,000,000. | FALD-WE- Clapisan m

$11,000,000

GOUBT, OF PILICITORI 2:... Ju de Plummer, Esq,--Chairman. Has Mr E V.D. Bart-Dépaly

Chairman. J.W.C. Bona, Esq. CB Gubbay, Esq. AH. Compton Eng. F. E. Holyona, Esq. How Mr.K. Hoz Mr.

Dodwell,

Johartons. V. L. Patiendas, “Haq,

CELET MAXISUS.

Hongkong–8. 3. SZARE, Esj.

MARATNI.:

Baya Furn

RMRE LLAMIKETY OF

PROPRIETORS...

JORMIGN EKOHANEN and Hom

j. Banking bandņas traumohode

CUBBLEFT 403OURTS opeted aud FIXED DEPOSTIS moostved. for 1 year or alia lor periode at rados which will be quoted an applies tion

-} Į. OBOOKAS,

Manager.

Hongkong, Apell, 1919.

THE MERCANTILI - BANKE UP INUTA, LIMITAD;

Bhanghal-A, G. STEREN, Esq.

Lensor. Baxxkke-Lezdom County, de

Adverteren | Pass's Hang Læbed

SIM

Hase-IIEMS AALIWED. Om Ostreck Acncursă să the rain of Two por seni, për sunmin on the daïly Bilanen On Frces Exotin **

For 2 months 2 per out. per annzai,

醋

M

K. I. STABE.

Chief Maagir:

Hongkong, May 28, 1919. .

·

HONGKONG BAVINGS BANK,

usa bosinees of the above Bank is

Taboon of story G UNG

↑ AND SHANGHAT BANKING COR. FORATION. Enim way be chained on application

INTEREST on deposits is allowed ou kha minteam monthly balances at 23 THE CELT per a Depordice may transfer at their option balances of Ju $100 or more to the HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANK, to be placed on FOOD DEPOSET AL & PAR DENT. por EBEN.

For the Hongkong and dhangbai Banking Corporation.

Latbocised Capital

Reserved Trina ánu nos

BAKK 18:

Tas Hawk or ENTELAND, Tas Lomas Torre Chary & MIDIANY

BAIK, LAD

-

Bay description of Banking - and Exchange business transacted.

FRAMEXST *lowed

Certame Accounts at per cent. per annum. on Delly Balance and on Fhred Deppaile ab rates which may be ascermion on application.

C. L. BANDER, -

Actix Manag

No. 7 Queen's Road Conten

Hongkong, April 19, 1919..

BANQUE DE L'INDO-CHIEL (FRENCH BANK).

20

HEAD OUTSCH)

15br Bus Latte, Paris.

Capital more. F20, $5,000,000 Reserve para internet, tang

* 10,000,00

BRAMURES, AD AGENCIES

Havering BADOR

N. 1. STAKE,

Thid Manager,

BANGKOK

B17

BAMAKBANG Morena

BEATCLU

CASEY

KOUMKA

HETEACH

· Daksotus ***

PAPKRI

Hers

HALLOW KATCH

Hongkong May 14, 1915.

BANQUE INDUSTRIELLE DE

10

of Director André Berthelot. General Manager.......de J. Parnatics

ENAD OFFICE:

74, Bas-Saint-Lazaro, PARIS,.

BRANORES: PEKING,

HEAD OFFICE: FEKING..

BRANCHES AND SUB-BRANCHES ;

CHINE FERING: Halting, Tangshow. NORTH: Hiyan, Chonden, Pahalen

(FRENCH BANK). Ninansan, Brusnhos. ORIELI: BURSCRIKES ÇAPIHAK - Panon 76,000,000- Tentsin, Protinta, Latal, Tinaisen FAD UN CAPTA... Sangtang, Shuntehta, Tangahan Ta

27,500,000 Choruslen

Welastes. MAKOHU. (1/2 of this Capital, 64, Franes 25,000,000 RIA: DADgton, Moakden, Eidin,

umbeatbed by iba Gornemment of Tsitsibar Newchang

The Chinens Repablia). Lisayaszichow, Habo, Hainmingfu, Taonanft, Harbin, Delay, Antung Tiebling, Chinghalen, Chairman of the Board

Halia, Bulwafu, Hallundu, Elfeng Ningute, Kungahuling, Lingyang Fry, Yanchi, Kalpingelen. HUPEREAD kow, Abnad, Ishang, HUNAN : Chang. sha, O KLANGHUe Shanghal, Nanking. Bocchio”,- Tangsheng, Chingking Funi, Hrachowin, Tangchow. B0Uwa? Think angpo. SHANTONG: Tainan, Tang two, Chefco, Tengslen Lintainhsten CHANGE: Zalyanfr, Yansheng, Blak Isnbslen, Tabangin. HONAN Y Kalleng Ohow kłakow, : Hsubsien.

KWAK TUNG: Hongkong Canton, Ewaborir, Kinngebow. FUKTEN ; Foochow Amor] }; Hankong, Chuanghawin, Changche ELL, Saraso

CERETANG · Heacham, En Shizobsing. Hushoyfa, Kashing, Wend chow, Ning po, Lanchi, Yuyao, Halzers KIANGSI Natchang Kloring

Kan- chofu, Chinishchen, Chian. AN WEEI: In Wahu, Anking, Panglow, -- Luchowfu, Tabung, Tungi. Laan.. BZECHUSK KULIVRO Wwaivangia. SHAMSI Blanto

SULYUAN Hangshuntu.

sotowchen. THAHAR: Kalgan

gohen, URGA: Orga,

HONGKONG. - BELANCHI. Interest allowed on ourzend sooqunts

TRWIS HONGKONG, HANOI CANTOX

SHANGHAL

-SAIGON,

HAIPHONG, YUNNANFU,

VLADIVOSTOCK FOOCHOW

BANKERS: FRANG: Bockáné Générale pour invoriser la Développement du Commerce et de Pindustrie en France

LONDON: The London County

Westminster & Par's Bank, Led The Landon Joins Cliy & Milland |

Bank Ltd..

In KEW YORK: Bedmond à Co..

Correspondents in the chief com merufal consent of the World.

-Talagraphie Adfyns : QHEBANKIND,"

Pirm

J-TOUR-LE

Pxxx-Pra VRAMITORIOS

FORDSORT

BANKIER:

IN FRAMON: Comptoir Nationa

d'apte de Paris; Orcia Lycans

g de Paris où des Pam) Cendli Indartrial at Cocomercial; Bal Gemersie

IN LORDON: The National FroVİS Union Bank of England, Frid., ; Commer toir Rational Racompte de Face Cradlá Lyonnais.

IN NEW YORK: 7, E. Morgan á

Interest allowed on Okrent Actua and Fixed Deportia : woordlog Euangenbosch.

Svery description of Banking Exabangą Budinem iracmacted.

Ading-Managu

Hongkong, Oca 18, 1918,

THE YOKOHAMA SPECII

BANK LTD,^**

HerAREERS 1800

AugkoRISED Darznát... Tem 100,000,0ICLIN PAIN UP CAPMAN

**), zx, 43,000,000 AN KRUVI 'FORD: QUE £25,000,000

HEAD OFFICE-FOKOHAMA.

BRANCO AND ÅRINGEIS

HATATIA BOMELY

Interas slowed on Curtual AccommİN and Fixed Depoeller in Locs! Ourrendy - ECEF ATEM

ONLINECON

and fixed Depora:Terms onsyploution, and in Gold. Teams on sppiñosiion. Every description of “Backing: BrainRA Henry danifykkm of Banking-and- CABOURLA transacted. "Loans granted on approved | Exchange business testached. securition. Special facilities for hote „Special facilities for French exchange. | Dátker (Daẩn) exchange

M-ROUET DE JOURNEE,

IBUYER PEL

Manager.

Hongkong, Feb. 25, 1919,..........

TIRE BANK OF TAIWAN, LTD, (TAIWAN GINKO)

www.

Itoonzonard av Benchan IngenZJÁN

Gapital Bubbed........ Zen 10,000,000 Ckpitxt (fudd-up) = Reserve Funde

·HEAD OFTÍION: TAIPEI, FORMOSA.

BRANCHES F

PAN-TOITS,

FORMOSA-GRAN, Kast, KakKIKI

HAKURS, LAICHNESS,

TAKOW, Tammui, Torun, Axa.. CHINA-SHANKKAR, Hankow, Kruktams, AMOT, FOO BWAHOW

CARROT,

OTHERS---Hösszeus, BameraK” BESLA- PORE BOLLÄRAJA, -ÜHIKARANS, BAZATZA, BORCAN, London, Kaw Your

LONDON BANKERS';

CAPITAL AND COUMZIES-BAIK, LEDER:

AND Bourn-WEEKEN BARK, A

FAKE'S BANKS

KIWEKWANN

Naw Youx

OLLIS

Pu

* BABOOK

BRAJKRAJ

HARDW

HONGKONG BRAMOR:

Queen's Buildings

KARZE

By Charter Bond -

Tel:02440

KALIVE

Hongkong, March 31, 1913.

Ka..

Logies

N

HANDEL

TOS ANATO Σπού MANGA

Toxro

| EDERLANDSCHE ¦ TJALD

CHAPPUJ

MA

(27ZIKKKLAMÉN TRAmro" Bootzzi)

FAZE-UPARS

The Bank had Correspondants Ed Dons. SPECIAL CARS by angoniant at the mercial Centres in the European Con- Ham Company Offos Alexandr Buildinge, Enent, Bandar Maksoirvide Does Your Boad Central.

Chicoon, Japan, Indo-Cuina Elam, Season and panch Mokas, wallable for Philippine Islanda, “ Javu, and" all cara nos already full running at the

álne ubibed in the Company's Sinto-tables, · Apink) Indies, /- Aul%3312 Anneslealt

but not for special onze, ona be gutafued Interpark allowed on Omtrent AODOMÁ on application at the Company Oms and Fixed Depodlink re

No Seson bleket will be tested itll be trusted on appilonalon

pafmink therefor has been made in Bank Notes or by Obique or Compeadors seder ropresenting" Bank Notes,

JOEN D. HUMPHREY & SON

* General

HONGKONG BRAVOSL

03. Dos Vans Roach

Hanghorka Marsh

Erastuswan · 15%ke

2,100,000,000== (45,255,255)

*20,008,000m (£8,833, 137- 18,YOG,255 - (61,062,ATS)

XRAD OFFICM--ÄSTEKRDAN)', Exanelas si

WHAD ARNOT-BARATIA,

RANTAS

Zhe Bank

Commuponde

TYRANTY FLANITOSTICK TOKORAD

Interork allowed on Carmand Accoutur Depoatia recolved for fixed period at: ritos in obtained in application..... G. KASHIDZUTMB.

Hanager. Hongkong, May 16, 1818

HORTH BRITISH & MERCANTILE INSURANCE (00.

THE JOGEAR MARISH INSURANCE

COMFANE, HID

Ard

THE RAILWAY PARA KORKI

ASSURANS 00.

-

TOTAL HUWIN at Fiat Desember, Mis

Authorland Capital £1,000,000: Babeatbed Ongatial £4,500,000 Paid-up Capitaluri Fire Fandsome presenterene TF÷JÃle & Annutty Funds:

Baking Fund Account,

Bavidse Fire Ba

arano Marine Depickand

uude of the valem

sily fuesebed, and, by

respectiva, Dapas"