1919-02-13 — Page 8

Page

FREEDOM OF THE SEAS.

THE AMERICAN POINT OF VIEW...

THE CHINA MAIL.

rt.

WEATHER REPORT,

ART OF CAMOUFLAGE.

Fobruary 13d. 12h. 00m.-No returns Of the numerous devices which from Japan and Vindivostock, Pressure enabled the Allied mercantile marino has increased slightly over Anuare and to meet and altiristaly dufout the the south coast of China; it has decreas enemy submarine campaign, prob- slightly to moderately elsewhere, the ably none has aroused more public curiosity than the camouflaging of ships. Hongkong Rainfall for the 24 hour

Shrouded in mystery as the quaint anticyclone having moved eastwed Total since January 11.24 inches,art lies been, with its marked differ pattern, irregular outline, and against an average of 2.19 inchos.

Forecast for the 24 hours ending confusion of colours, this is not sur

ence

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1919.

same pot to protect the troops and THROUGH GERMAN guns, be whatnot by retual defences, but by the bowelderment of the onemy by devices which would do- coive the eye.

Herr Arthur Feller, the

Shakespeare, shows that he know furter Zeitung's economic ex the value of camouflage in war time now writing urgent appeals by his use of the incident in Mac display by Germany of demo both, who was terror-stricken when in the economic sphere. For ho saw what he thought was Birtam pley Wood advancing to attack his castle,What is, Europe after this v thus carrying into effect the prophecy colony for American capitali of the witch who told him when his future the whole world w end would come The soldiers whe tribute on an immense bore aloit binnehos, giving their ad American, capital: Germa

Franklin and early American states as the pressure which has been applied of less maritime importance, is per- aoon on February 14, 1019. N. & rising: From time to time vessels vance the abbeet of a moving forost Russia will also owe trit

sident Wilson's League of Nations. somewhat more precisely the extent If that is ever to be a reality, its de- and furidical character of territorial cisions must be backed by force or waters, and to look anew at this very pressure of some kind. The majority old problem in order to discover the of the supporters of the League shrink modifications requisite not only on from the application to delinquent account of the increased range of Let us try to understand the Ameri-States of military or naval force and cannon, but of the acroplane and the Even as to the war sea law of the can view of the problems indicated all that is implied therein; but to be scapiano. by the vague phrase. But is there, effective there must be a maintenance it may be asked, a distinctly Ameri of armaments sufficient to overcome future there is no reason why an can view? A few years ago this all possible resistance to do itabchests. Anglo-American agreement misill¦nding at 10 am. bo-day, 0.02 inches. question might have been answered The majority of the advocates of the not be concluded. Such an agree without qualification or hesitation. League rely upon commercial pres- ment which must influence, indeed It was the position taken up by sure. But if that is to be as effective determine, the action of other States, men, and since maintained with to Germany, much the same means fectly possible. The war sea law of singalar consistency. But that opin-must be employed as have proved in the past has been the same in both ion is not to-day quite so definite and these years so formidable. There countries. The Prize Courts of Eng- Admiralare signs that many American land and America, even when they contogenous as it was. Maban profoundly modified it. Mr. observers think that the British have been at war, have followed the Roosevelt, Dr. Murray Butler and Government in the course of the war same rules. This agreement may be many other Americans of eminence worked out, by Orders in Council continued if only there is a recogni are not only generous in their appre and many other means, a system tion of the facts as they are, among ciation of all the services of the well suited for use, if ever the League which are, the unique position of is called upon to exercise its author England and the scattered, fragment British Fleet; they at least fully re: it. That will be the que "interna ary character of ler Empire. Nor need reasonable genuine. cognize the exceptional position of tional action for the enforcement of we fear a the Mother Country, exposed as no international covenants" contemplat measure of all-round disarmament other to the danger of being cut off ed by the famous Article II. That to which the United States were from the outer world, and with an article becomes less formidable in it parties. The peril, of course, to against is that Empire composed of scattered men lurk no perils to England-if it is be guarded

bers.

319,

not

as

POSITION AND CLAIMS OF

NEUTRALS.

We

"

1.Hongkong to Gap Rook:

the disguised have called at this male excellent use of camouflage to --Forms Channel: The same as port, but, as no two have been simi-shield their real purposes

larly decorated, either in design or N.E. winds, frosh; fair.

-Routh coast of China betweeche, their presence, instead of ex- No. 1.

plaining the device, Ims only added Hongkong and Lamocks: The same sa

4-South coast of China between to its mystery, No. 1.

With the termination of hostilities, No. 1,

however, some light is at last thrown on the cause and effect of this dazz Hongkong and Hainan: The same as

ling medley of colours.'

ROYAL BAKERYATORY HONGKONG, "DAILY WEATHER · REPORT.

FEBRUARY 13 1910.-..

Station.

Kochi

Wind

Hour.

*****

Barometer

at Sea Level

Temperaturo.

Hamidity.

Direction.*

Weather. Force.

11

H

here and in the United States would Osbima.... prohibit all attacks on merchant ships Naba...me by submarines, which, owing to thei Tshi'jima

Bunin

Taland necessarily limited accommodation. Woikaivoi. 6a 1,92 cannot fulfil the elementary duty of Hankow humanity, that of saving crews and fchang passengers of vessels torpedoed. And if such restriction is in its full extent at present a counsel of per fection, we may be sure that the

...30.27

30.06

11 130,00, 68.30.10 57 100 ev

30.4757 30.04, 57

Gutslaff..... Sharp Pk... Amoy ....... Swator..... Taiohu ----- Taiboku ch Talaso ***** Koshan...... Pescadores Canton.3 Hongkong MACão***** Gap Rook. Wuchow Fakhoi Boihow Phalien.7 Tourane C. St. James, Aparri Садары ...

St..

Manila Legaspi... Tacloban

co

Guam......4.2099.92

oil-

Labus. 65

11

"99.99 70 30.00 57 6.30.18 51 80 180.10 57 08

30.071

F

30.10

Da.

#

#1

30.05 66

30.18 54 07 19.80

6 .20.96 70

[1

29.95 78

79.94 77.91

4 א!

The practice was used by Nelson, but only in nuanceres, as the crow of each ship in the fleet at that time look too much personal pride in their respectiva vores to roort to any ruse that, did not seem quite fair and above board, it did not come into ovidence in battlo. Pirates were also said to have adopted the disguise in various ways, of which the lately resurrected dutiny bow wach visible

With regard to the operating of the scheme now in existence, the in idea has been, as the word im- plies, to create deception by optical illusion.

English and French capit present it is still quite impo see how great this burden and whether all of us will be bear it at all. In any case not seriously think of an means of maintaing existe by international economic an In one of its first proclama German Revolation annou eight-hour day. and assur shortening of work is an e desirable goal. But does th

In any case our 'fate wi grave, even if we are spar further misery which stil us uncertainly. We have

pass through

to

蒜

economic disor When it is remembered skat she grave submarine routine all bearings and have got to fight again positioner of cbjects to be attacked by buying food from Am have to be taken within the space of out considering the four minutes, the value of any opthe heavy new debt that ticul deceit becomes apparent.

Though many experts hold differ eit views on the subject, most of them are unanimous in declaring that the main object of the scheme is toon vessels today is the main foutionary Government yet k create the best safeguard known ture. This devico, to give the im- many hours a day every Ge against submarine attack. The pression of sailing at far greater in future have to work evolution of the term, according to speed than that actually accomplish. Entente, if the Entente is a graceful indemnity demand writer in the London Sphere is ed, was often used by them to great through in their full exter not altogether clear, but there are advantage.

In recent suggestive indications. French dictionaries the verb cumou ler, to disguise or bedizon" takes its regular place. In Napoleonic imes the word camontiet implied a small mine smatt contrivance in- tonded to blow suppers out of an underground cutting--a puffer rather than a violens detonator. In the 17th century Camouflet signified

All the harder -incur. a puff of smoke blown into the face

The U-boat works under water, will be the compulsion to of someone with the malicious intent

A people we of causing blinding and confusion. only rising at long intervals to take economy.

The word as it exists seems to have observations, when what is known as millions of dead and di beon first coined in Geneva. Littre four-minute visions are taken through have to produce produ tracce it to two Walloon words " cu "the perscope. To show even this indemnification of the Ent and foumer," to smoke. From minute tube any longer above water widows and orphans, før these a substantive "caloumn" was would be to court immediate dis- soldiers, for the raw ma food which we shall be fo a puff of aster. formed, equivalent to a smoke." Then camouflet came to Australian troops first became uc-abroad at enormous price our depreciated currenc tiply a deceptive disguise intended quated with the queer ninrking on

have made abroad during

to produce confusion and bewilder-arrival at Suez early in the war, the payment of the de ment. In modern Italian there are when vesels on duty in that locality C two verbs and a substantive similar were painted in long struggling

Q

od

to sumoullet and camouflage, all con- stripes of varied hue which, with neeted with a primary signification, the sandy desert background, proved of deception and chanting. A very, efficient squire when the

Turs attacked the Canal. secondary meaning was that of an

The writer argues tha

can get through only wi of President Wilson's and the by an intens which Germany can be only if she really becom society."

or unpleasant surprise. In this sense! The idea of painting a sinking ship it was used in the early eighteenthor a torpedo bout boldly on the side of # vessel otherwise lightly coloured E century.

On the whole, it seems that has probably saved many merchant- camoufinge developed from the 17th men from destruction as the disguise beat noted by the cipa century camouflet. The earlier ideu would be vis ble at a far greater dis-dered the disguise of the of camouflage was undoubtedly to tance than the undisguised portion of larly decorated useless

the ant is to continue mark and confuse with smoke. At He, vessel. Flodden the Scots camouflaged their The season when the vessel is in present uncertain, but t advance down Braxton Hill by fir- the danger zone has had a great doubt that duzzle paint ing rubbish in their campis, and the bouring on the pattern of camouflage a great pait in oubwitt In summer a light blue of the German subma English were confused and blinded. to be used. Another enouflage was the setting top be with darker bulwarks has worthy of remark, howe -up of dark_coloured cloth screened proved most effective in hurinonising British Grand Fleet has

to mask unfinished gapa.in entrench with the colour of the occam: Con- ed to the use of any ments. The conccalment of troops famed patterns and irregularity of ordinary crab" fat or guns hy leafy screens is very an outline in the scheines evolved natur. the most inconspicuous ally, as one putten, would soon have Sea dull atmospherto e

They see, too, that the read in its context, if it provides for some Powers might use it as an ex

simple as SQ problem is it seemed to a generation withdrawn the order of things when, and only pedient or opportunity for opposing" from European politics, and they when, the League of Nations comes England's just claims for a Navy of are suspicious of a phrase which has into existence; if it asserts what is exceptional strength proportionate been freely used as an instrument of to happen when there is an associato her exceptional needs. This is not Germany's propaganda. It is hard tion of States mutually guaranteeing the time or place in which to attempt to say what is the policy of the the independence and integrity of all, to describe even the bare outlines of Republican Party as to the group of great or small. Such a principle may an Anglo-American sea law.

have remote application; it cannot merely indicate a few points as to questions vaguely described

be a present peril. Such is the inter which agreement would be easy and freedom of the sea." But we may fairly attribute to many of its mem pretation put uponArticle II. by Lord valuable; and we would add that we vidiostock.. 6 s.) bars the sentiment. We must have Grey"Freedom of the seas should know of none as to which a reason- Nemuro a big Navy, and when we have, got be secured to any nation which able compromise is impossible. Thus kodato it, will use it for all it is worth. We observes the, covenant of a League of both countries would doubtless insist Tekio *** do not intend to fetter ourselves by Nations; and should be denied to upon restrictions being imposed upon Nogasaki... rules to be carried out in a future any nation which breaks that coven-submarine warfare. Many persons Kagoshima the nature of which we cannotant of a League.” fcresee: one' in which it may be imperative for us to do what England has dore in her day of trial." Mr.

Another aspect of the matter calls Daniels's statements are not those of for consideration. In the course of an advocate of a little navy. Even this war, neutrals, notably Holland if there is to be a League of Nations and Sweden, have complained of the "there should be no doubt," he tells sufferings to which they have been that the force which will expused and the trammels put upon enforce the decrees of the interna their trade by reason of quarrels United States would join with Eng tional tribunal will for years themand which are not theirs. It has always land in seeking to render impossible "a navy or navies of large proper been and always will be so a repetition of such barbarous acts that as the destruction of the Lusitania tions." In the meantime, "until the It is noticeable, however, nations agree upon a wise reduction they have not in the later stages and in punishing as pirates, the of armaments, the United States of the war put claims for inmunity perpetrators of such crimes, together must be ready to make a large con from trouble quite so high as they with their aiders and abettors who tribution, as large as that of any did at the outset, and this for several ordered them. To name another nation, to nuval power."

reasons, among which may be a bet point of importance as to which IMMUNITY OF PRIVATE. ter appreciation of the difficulties of joint action is practicable, the practice

PROPERTY.

belligerents and a change in the con of strewing mines in the open sea is Undoubtedly, with rare persistency ception of neutrality. That which condemned by this country and the Cobden entertained-viz., that nations United States; they both sought in and consistency, the Government of

prevent abuses of the the United States have pressed one might look on with unconcern while 1907 to

the representatives of Germany, point in particular. From the days the chief States were fighting to the practice, and they were opposed by of Franklin and the treaty with death-is found to be untenable.

There is no complete realizing, Many questions affecting neutrals Prussia, in 1785, they bave insisted

however desirable, of Franklin's hope may be reviewed with the hope of upor imunity from capture at sea that "three classes of persons should a reasonable settlement if only these of private property. At every oppor Lunity they have renewed this claim. be totally exempt from the opera two countries take the initiative, and We might go through all the chief President Monroe in 1823, President tions of war-farmers. fishermen, Pierce in 1854, President Buchanan and merchants." The world is not in 1858, urged it. In 1856 the United built in watertight compartments, problems of sea law, and show that States made it a condition of adher-with frontiers as bulkheads which the unity of Anglo American sea ing to the Declaration of Paris. Pro prevent the inflow of foreign troubles, law, brought into relief by this war, Hongkong. Observatory, Feb. 13, 1918. cient. The motive was always the visions stipulating for such immunity One day may be formed a true com- may be preserved. Far from causing have been inserted in treaties to unity of nations for mutual benefit antagonism, a discussion of Article It has yet to come; there already II. of the Fourteen Points of Pre- which the United States are a party exists a community in suffering. A sident. Wilson may renew and streng. Their rigid adhesion to the principle great war conducted by sea and land then that unity.. in practice during the Civil War is disturbs and dislocates the economic But, to emphasize remarks already at the last open to doubt, but at life of communities even remote made, any agreement must be con The Hague Conference of 1999 Mr.from the theatre of war. As to ditional on a clear recognition of White, the American representativė,

materials, they facts as they are; they must not pressed if in the interests of all food and raw nations, and it was eloquently demay fare even worse than the proceed upon the assumption that h the im- there exists a supreme international actual belligerents. fended by Mr. Choate br 1907. This doctrine is older than the Monroe pressive, speech delivered by the late authority controlling all navies. "The doctrine, and it has not been less Lord Parker shortly before his death lowest point consistent with domestic consistently pressed. We may assume he foreshadowed the possibility of safety" (to quote President Wilson's that the United States will continue neutrality being one day obsolete. words) is for England very different to inaintain a position held for nearly the dwelt upon the fact that neutrality from that of any other country. a century, and a half. But many of had become increasingly difficult Subject to this proviso he may be those who repeat the doctrine are especially for small States. Nor, he assured that his comprehensive efforts If once to free the world from a crushing conscious that it has somewhat lost argued, was it desirable.

we made it clear" that in future burden of expenditure, to ensure its old importance. What matters it, so far as impqhis to a belligerent there will be no neutrality, "the dan peace, to restrain aggression, and to country are concerned, that private ger of war" he predicted, will be create a true community of nations, property is immune, il contraband minimized, because its risk is in will have sincere and constant sup covers everything that is worth creased. That consummation may port in England." The Times."

sem a far-off even if desirable, capturing? What matters, tog, immunity as to exports, if they can contingenzy. But it is at least clear from recent experience that neutrals be bottled up by a novel kind of in modern wars, especially those blockade or be requisitioned of sequestrated? Among the younger involving maritime operations, can publicists in America are some who not escape hardships and suffering, a necessity which is a new motive to think that sequestration of enemy them to seek by wise association to property for the, terms of the war would be a reasonable compromise prevent war, and, if it must come, to they find the juste-miliet in limit those evils."

.

agree.

SIBERIAN KLONDIKE.

a reason.

29.01 75 01

C. W. JERIES, Chief Assistant,

1. BAROMETER, reduced to 31 degroo Fahrenheit, on the level of the sea in inches, tenths and hundred the

2. TEMPERATURE, in the shade in de: rrees Fahrenheit,

3. HUMIDITY, in percentage of satura- ton, the humidity of air saturated with molstare being 100.

4. DIRECTION OF WIND, to two points. G. FORCE OF WIND, according to

Bealo. Beadford

6. STATE OF WRATHER, b blue sky, e detached cloud, d drizzling main, flog, gloomy, h hail, 1 lightning, o overcast, thundur, visibility w dow, vot passing showers, & equal, r rain, snow,

7. RA in inchse tenths sud kun-

droitha

HONGYONG REGİSTER.

Precious

day On d dalo su'on date si at 1p..

30.07 30.10

20.10.

B7

60

3.

E.N.E.

83

W.D.W.

2

◊

0.00

1

0.02

Barometer... Temperature Humidity Direction of

Wind Force..... Weather ...... Ba... 0.00

From time immemorial Siberia was known to Russians as the Gold Bottom," and this not without

The great gold placers Highest opas att Tempera on the 17th-17 Lawest spen Air Temperature on the 13th-68 scattered throughout Eastern Siberia

- T. F. CLAYTON, Director. tempted and attracted enterprising individuals for many centuries Hongkong Observatory, Feb. 13, 1919. through their richness and the ease with which they could be worked.

certait articles of the famous Jay ANGLO-AMERICAN AGREEMENT. Treaty of 1794 Others-for exam ple Mr. Steward: Davison-sugget Far from there being any necessary that the old practice of releasing antagonism between the British aud vessels on ransom bonds should be American views of the so-called free revived. We give so far. weight to dom of the seas, there is revealed, as Only the severity of the climate and these and the like proposals, as pro- the discussion proceeds, the possi, lack of adequate transportation ving that the "hard shell" advocates bility of an Anglo-American agree together with indifference on the

HONGKONG TIDES.

The Hide-table viven below has been

of immunity are not universal in ment respecting the main lines of a part of the government prevented compiled at the National Almanac Office

a

fields from

Alluvial gold was first found in the province of Eniscisk in 1830, Afterwards gold was discovered in

of observations taken by means of an automatic tide-recording machine in the Water Palico Basin at Tsim Sha Toal 1909-0. during the years

The zero of the table corresponds with Chart, which has been found to be 4 feet

To obtain the depth of water on inches bolow mean sea-level

add 3 foot 4inches, and on the gauge, ido gauge at the Victoria Naval Yard at Lamoat Dock, Aberdeen, add 10 st inches to the height given in the table.

February 14 to 20, 1919.

the

advocate it do not now see in it the duties to be worked out in detail; the greatest in the world. complete remedy for evils which it not at the Peace Conference, but, as Sir Thomas Holland has sug was once supposed to be. To cite

future conference one of the most recent expositors of gested, in the American. position,"modern of conferences. In the sea law great amount throughout the whole. the zero of the sounding in the Admiralty conditions being assumed, all and for times of peace little need be province.. The gold is found in streams. The geological any commodities are fairly to be rechanged, provided the embarrassing many cases in the sand of rivers and garded as contraband if a belligerent question of tariffs is shut out and small so elect to declare, and that the the "freedom of the seas" is not formation of these deposits varies, seizure at sea of all goods destined made the battle ground of Proust in many cases show predomina directly or indirectly to the enemy's tection and Free Trade. Fortun- tion of slate, rocks. The thickness 4 use will probably, take the place ately recent explanations of what of gold bearing strata varies in hereafter of blockade, except in the is meant by removal, so far as pos- places from fourteen feet to twenty- exceptional case. Moreover, capture sible, of all economic barriers and one feet and their extent from in the air will come doubtless into the establishment of an equality of five-tenths to thirty-five miles. The the proportion of gold is also different, play in the next great war, and the ex- trade conditions among all istence of air to all quarters of the nations consenting to the peace and according to the depth of the deposit. world will necessitate the mainten associating themselves for its main- A thin layer of alluvium, call." turf"

tenance are reassuring. England usually cover the gold strata... ance of air-cruising squadrons by all

might, indeco, wish, that in time of nations who may desire to be in": position to control the commerce of

an enemy in time of war."

exclusive as they are in regard to

peace other countries were not so THEY MAKE YOU FEEL GOOD. their coasting trade, and that theyHE pleasant purgative affect experi

unced after taking Chamberlain'e Mon.

SEA POWER AS AN INSTRUMENT did not give to "cabotage" the ex: Tablota and the healthy condition of

OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.

LOW WATER.

JAAR.

Height

TIME:

TI.

Look

13 10 8

tensive scope assigned to it in their body and mind to which they contribute, Another set of considerations sag-legislation. It might be well to demakosong feel that living is worth while. Wed gested by the experience of the war fine-though this point is of most For sale by all Ohemiala and Flore-Trin appeals specially to supporters of Pre-consequence in the time of war-koopers.

19 E '

DODGE BROTHERS

MOTOR CAR

WE HAVE CONCENTRATED ON ONE CAR AND ONE CAR ONLY, IN A DETERMINA-") TION TO MAKE IT AS GOOD AS A CAR CAN. BE MADE FOR EVERY PART AND, EVERY PROCESS THAT ENTERS INTO IT WE HAVE PERSONALLY ESTAB- LISHED A STANDARD, THE WORK DONE- AND THE MATERIALS USED IN EACH PART AND EACH PROCESS, IN EVERY CAR, MUST: CONFORM TO THAT STAND ARD. DODGE BROTHERS WILL ALWAYS GIVE TO THEIR CAR THAT OVER CARE WHICH THE PUBLIC EXPECTS OF THEM

PEOPLE HAVE IMPLICIT F OF DODE THE INTEGRITY "THERS MANUFACTURING

BECAUSE OF THE NAME T TH BE SURE YOU MAY PRINCIPLE BEHIND THE "CI NEVER BE CHANGED A BREADTH + DODGE BROTHE ONLY ONE IDEA IN THE UP OF THEIR BUSINESS. THAT IS IT SO SOUNDLY AND SO WELL 1 GOODWILL WHICH THEY HA WILL GROW AND ENDURE

ITS STABILITY IS BUT A REFLECTION OF THE INSTITUTION

SHEWAN, TOMES & CO.

St. George's Buildings, HONGKON

HOLE AGENTS:

TELEPHONE NO. 781.