1912-03-19 — Page 7

TUESDAY, MARCH 19, 1912,

THE CHUN MAI

BY TELEGRAPH. Let HONGKONG

BY TELEGRAPH. BY TELEGRAPH. BY TELEGRAPH. BY TELEGRAPH.

BRITISH

NAVAL

POLICY

w

·WEIGHTY SPEECH BY

MR. CHURCHILL

«OUR“ ATTITUDE TO GERMANY

DEFINED.

(Beuter's Service to the China Mail)

LONDON, March 18,

The Right Honourable Mr Winston Churchill First Lord of the Admiralty, in Introducing the Nary Estimates in the House of Commons said the foundation naval policy was finance, and the only redis that would be claimed by the

German Navy as fixed by the existing flest law. "If Geramny were to altër kòr existing law, the Government believer that standard would, in the absence of any unexpected development in other ecuntries, continue to be a convenient guide to work by in the next four or five years. Further than this is idle-to-speculate. As however our pre-Dreadnought vessels gradually declined in relative fighting value, our ratio of naval construction would have to rise above the per cent, standard. Every addition, which Germany might make to the number of her new ships each year must accelerate the declias in the relative fighting value of our pre Dreadnoughts and it therefore required special measures on our part. Now in applying the standard just explained to the existing German Navy Law it would appear to be necessary to con struct four ships and three Dreadnought

JED FRⱭM THE SEA,

We are fed from the sea. We are

unarmind people. We am the only Power in Eumpe that has not eat w large army. We cannot merane the

independense or vital interest of any great continental state. We cannot invade any continental state. It is not our wish to do so, but Ten if it were it would not be within our power, It is these facts which justify British naval supremacy in Lice of the world. It aver any single nation were able to back the strongest font with an oven whelming army, the whole world would be in jeopardy and catastrophe would swiftly occur.

FLEET REORGANIZATION:

E

Mr Churchill next announced in: con

ships alternately during the next six siderable detail a completa recasting of Admiralty was by keeping their require. That would maintain the the organization of the Fleet. Under

per cent. standard and that

what WAS

the Admiralty hide new organization the shipa available for Home Defence will be divided into ita mind 10.

when it framed

"mepts at s-mimimum consistent with public safety and in securing the ntmoet possible development of war power front the funds entrusted to them. If the the Estimates now presented to Partia the First Second, and Third is com

country was of opinion that the needs ment. of the Navy had been well and amply provided for, it was to the House of "Commons, and not to thAdmiralty, to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and not to the First Ses Lord, that their thanks were due. It was necessary that this should be recognised, and it was right to my that the great scale which ral armaments had been forced to sesume bad only been rendere possible without additional taxation or reenarse to borrowing by the wonderful fertility of the great Budget of 1000,

TO MEET NEW PLANS.

we

"If," continued Mr Churchill, are unw, as it would seem to be, on fronted with an addition to German new construction of two ships in these six years we should propose to meet that addition upon a higher ratio of super ority by laying down four additional ships within the same period, spreading them, however, conveniently over the six years. Let me make it clear, how ever, that auy retardation or reduction FINANCIAL PROSPECTS NOT-in German construction will, within

CHEE-FUL.

prising 8 battle squadrons of 8 hips | ach, together with their attendunt cruiser squadrons, torpedo las all auxiliaries. Each of these {Le's willi represent a distin 1 administratives'as and standard of commission The Fict fleet will comprise 4 battle sqandroue of fully commissioned ships, together with one fleet flagship. Three ef these battle squadrons will be basert on Home ports, the fourth pon Gibralter. The Second Fleet will be composed of two battle squadrons upon an active busis. The Third fleet will also comprise two bande squadrons with. nucleus crews

WHAT WE CAN DO. ...”

Proceeding, Bir Churchill aid the Enancial aspect of the Estimates was not cheerful. All the world was building naries of constantly increasing size, complexity and post. It was true that the decrease in the Estimate was £600.000; that, of course, took no ne count of any augmentation of the Ger- a naval programme. He proposed to lay bare to the House, with perfect openness, the naval situation, nadir of Germany will be accompanied natur MORE LIESTENATTS WANTED. would be necessary to du so mainly in ally on our larger scale by us within referiaen to one Tower. He regretted certain nirs, because we have to con- this accessity, but nothing could now sider to some extent the building of be gained by using indirect rondea of other Powera. expression. On the contrary, the Ger mans were a people of robust minds whose strong, masculine goodt fence and high courage did not recoil from, aud were not offended by, plain, blunt state- quanta of fret if expressed in-courtesy

and sincerity.

certain limits, be promptly followed here, as soon as it is apparent, by large and fully proportionate reductions. For We thus could assemble il necessary instance, if Germany liked to drop out 65 battleships as compared with 38 of any one, or even two, of her annual the next strongest naval Power. quotas and keep ber money in her own Torpedr-boat flotillas will be placed in pocket for the employment of her own command of a special Admiral to be people and the development of her own called Admiral of Patrols, whose busi prosperity, wo will at once, in the ab-ness it will be to protect the costs sence of any dangerous development from minor rails, while the batile feet elsewhere, drop out our corresponding is defeating the enemy. quora, and all slowing down on the part

HISTORICAL REFERENCES,

But take next year. 1913, Germany will have 3, Great Britain 5.

A HOLIDAY SUGGESTED.

sterling. But that is not all We should not in ordinary circumstances begin our akipa till she had started hera

Supposing we were both to take a holiday for a year to introduce a blank page in the book of cational - miercust. Supposit Germany were to build no ships in that year, she would save her. The time had come, continued Mrself between six and seven millions Churchill, when both nations should understand without ill-temper and dis guise, what would be the conditions under which naval competition would The three ships that she did not build carried on in the next few years. In would automatically wipe out no less modern gaval war battles were not than five potential British super decided by ration or percentages in a Dreadnoughts, which is more than they Fleet. In a battle between good and affoient Navies equally matched, tre mendous damage would be reciprocally Inflicted and many ships on both sides would he wank or blown up, while many more-would-bave injuries which erould take months to repair and others would not come out again-during the whole war. Indeed, the hideous course

could hope to do in actual war, As to the indirect results, even from a single year they simply canact be measured. Not only to the two great brother nations but to all the world of toiling. men, they would be in measurable in their hope and brightness.

14

AN OFFER TO GERMANY.

"

the

Mr. Churchill

emphasized necessity for augmenting substantially the list of Lieqteranta,

TERE STRIKE.

KATEWAT SERVIOSS

CURTAILED.

(Reuter's Service to the China Mail)

LONDON, March 18

The Great Northern Railway Co. ban cancelled 160 more, trains, and the London and North Wear 12 more Henceforth, only 66 traim will leave Euston daily including suburban trains,

The Metropolitan Co. announces vita first curtailment.

÷RACI=G^ATELOĢED.

(Router's Service in the China Mail)

London, March 19. Owing to the strike it is doubtful if the Lincoln and Liverpool race-meetinga- can be held The railway facilities are reduced to a minimum and owners are hesitating to risk their horses.

PROPOSED GOVERNMENT

BILL.

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Dispense

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"Mr. Asquith has announced that he Dispensary in Hongkong. will introduce the Coal Mines Bill. to morrow; it will be read a second time Wednesday, and the debats on it will conclude on Tharaday. It will be dent to the House of Lords on. Friday and should receive, the Royal Assent: Ön Saturday,He raid he would defer a statement of the position until to morrow. The Government considered Its earliest passage au mcat serious and imperative: Sultan Per

Mr BoparLaw, following: M Asquith's Aunouncement, considered that as serious na. was the cinis Bo was the bill? It required adequate dia ussion.

Asquith said he hoped to arrange for this

The First Lord of the Admiralty THE QUBANA DISASTER.

then announced his intention to pro- mate about one hundred of the younger warrant officers to a rank equivalent to aob-lieutenants and to give commissions to senior midship-

men.

OUR FREEDOM AT STAKE.

When we consider the strength of car Navy, we are not thinking of our commerce but our freelom. It is not a matter of our trade but of our lives. Northing can make us absolutely safe. We must never conduct our affairs so that the Navy of any single Power shall he able to engage us at any mamant with any reasonable prospect of success. If this is insular arrogance, it is also the first condition of our existence.

THE ILLUSION OF WAR.

Mr Churchill concluded by dilating on the strange spectacle of the polits natiope of the world daveting their such a nasal engagement would.

wealth, manhood and science to pro- assemble the combat between Hamilius

ducing a gigèntic military machinery and Herminius at the battle of Lake This is our position as compared with which was obsolescent ng soon a sit Begill, when, side by side, those that of Germany. The Germans will was created. Draining the coffers Chiefs of pride together fell down dead, be no gainers in unsal power by any and atinting the needs of the people, That was very satisfactory to a stronger increases they make and no losers from The hopefullest interpretation of this nasal Power, for it would always pay us the basis. I have laid down by any strange phenomenon was that these to lose ship for ship in every class, diminutions. Here then is a perfectly rivalrins were the modern substitute though the process of cancelling would plain plan and an arrangement whereby far the actual wars diy earlier ages, conduct us, albeit hy's ghastly rad, to without any diplomatic negotiations, just as credit transactions suporcoded certain victory and to a condition not without any bargaining without the Leash payments. Still we live in an of relative hat of absolute superiority, alightest restrictions upon the sovereign

all the Dreadnoughts in the world freedom of either Power this keen air age of incipiant violence and deep. <wera sunk to-morrow, our naval costly uúval rivalry can be at any time seated narest. The utility of war pay superiority would he far greater than taba el. It is better. I am sure, to put be an illusion, but war itself was no was to-day. Pre Dreadnought vevels a quite frankly and simply for Par- trould come out and play an imporant liaments and people to `judge." parthen. The Government were, therefore, keeping such vessels carefully in reserve and arrangements were being perfected by the War Staff to bring them into commission at the sixth, the ninth or the twelvih month of a war. All this must be considered in judging standards of the constriction which policy of building small cruisers which In the debate which followed Mr.

would be appropriate to our needs. It was very easy to anka a rapid increase in new construction-so long as they were not burdened by the expense of maintaining agraat establishment. Our German reighbours had pot yet begun to feel the weight of maintaining year after year a gigantic naval service. These chargea matured slowly but re morselessly..

WASTEFUL POLICY."

SM'ALL CRUISERS TO

BE BUILT.".

Mr Churchill then explained the new

illusion. The Admiralty must confine itself to the simple duty of making quite sure our island and then the people would come safely through whatever time brings forth

DEBATE ON THE ESTIMAT

·LATIB

TIEN

were to be the eyes and ears of the Fleet Winston Churchill's speech, Mr Lee and by night as well as by day. They were be heartily approved of the speech. The to be strong enough and fast enough to only doubt he had was whether a bare overhaul and cut down any destroyer...

minimum was consistent with the full security which was being provided now.

THE FUEL PROBLEM,

Ele next discussed be anxious perplexing problem of oil fuel, which is incontestably superior to coal. Put could we make sora of getting full supplies of ail at reasonable prices, in time of peace and without restriction in time

It was wrong and wasteful, contend- of war? Could we accumulate and ed Mr Churchill, to build a ship for the store a reseres sufficient for our British Nary a day before it was evergrowing requirements. properly wanted. Up to the time when a protected from aeroplane and sabotage? contract was. d-fairely, nasigned, sa battleship was the heir of all expanding naval arleurs of the world, and what he would call share the merrier."

CABINET-MAKING

·PROVES DIFFICULT.

یمه

PROTEST BY BANNERMEN.

(Independent News Agency's Service to the China Mail).

TOKYO, March 19. The representatives of the Banner men have protesed "gainst usa

LARGE MARGINS OF SAFETY -kai making & Cabinet from which

Fall? Manohar : ara "ezalud

able that we should "make" a

policy was as harmful to efficiency es to After emphasizing the shipbuilding procedure is inconsistent with re cooneory. Having thus reviewed resources of the country and referring publicas principles isting may Jesures, to want to the increase in the number of men. prepared to recomend the House at which the troversient were asking for, Present to adopt the two keels looner Churchill air standard in new construction against ment to assent to large margins Germany, The time might.coma when aley was and sthis would be decemary, but it was not upon the defensive. It is

We

CHINESE

pati

done

attock upon Germany

80 PER CENT STANDARD

power

FURTHER PARTICULARS.

{Reutér's Service to the China Jaiz}

LONDON, March 18.

The identity of the seventeen víctim☛ of the Oceaan dimuster is still not estab-

drowned include seven passengers, Ava lished, but it appears certain that those

stawards, and five crew.

The liner was in charge of a pilot st the time of the disaster, ofi

One boat made for Eastbourna, bat- most of the boate remained alongside, sheltering in the les of the ship until the lifeboats and the Sussex arrived, when 187 of the crew and 37 of the passengers were then transferred to the Sansex. The remainder of the crew stayed aboard until the increasing list compelled them to leave and to take to one of the tugs which, was towing the steamer.. Accounts of the upset- ting of the first boat launched are con- fleting.

AD official of the P. & Co. mét the passengers in London, and convey- ed them to the Grosvenor Hotel, where many of the guests and the maide tein- Despite the exposure none of the ladies porarily provided them with clothing. were seriously affected, though they suffered considerably from shock. All the passengers proceeded to their homes the same evenings,

་་་

NAMES OF DEOWNED.

LosDay, March 19. The P. 40. Company announce. that the following are among tho Ocesas's list of missing passengers- Reverend Leishman, wife; baby, and

Dura

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Capt. E. V. Knox Lient, C. G. Rizsall, Stewardess Newbury,

The four stewards: injured are pro gressing favourably.

THE SEA GIVES UP ITS DEAD.

Tan bodies have been washed up and landed at Hastings and New baven

They are apparently the Leishmans and their infant, Mrs New- hary, two other Englishmen, and four Lascari,

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