Malls.
U. 8. MAIL LINE.
PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
THROUGH TO NEW YORK, VIL
---Insurancés.
QUEEN FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY.
HE Undersigned are prepared to grant Foliatos galist Five to the extent of $45,000 on Buildings, or on Goods stored
Discount of 20% on the Promin
OVERLAND RAILWAYS, AND TOUCHING herein, at current local rate abject to
AT YOKOHAMA, AND SAN FRANCISCO.
THE CITY OF PEKING" will
leava Bongkong for San Francisco, vla Yokohama, on TUESDAY, the 15th February, 1876, at3r.., taking Passengers, and Freight, for Japan, the United States, and Europe
Throaga Facsonger Tickets and Bills of Lading are issued for transportation te Tokohama and other Japan Forta, to San Francisco, to porta in Mexico, Central and South America, and to New York and Europa VIA OVERLAND RAILWAYS.
A Steamer of the Mitau Bishi 8. 8. Com- pany will leave Shanghai, via the Inland Sea Ports, about me date, and make close bonnection at Yokohama.
At New York, Passengers have selection of various lines of Steamers to England, France and Germany.
Freight will be received on board until p.m. 14th Instant. Parcel Packages Will be received at the office, until 8 p.m. same day; all Parcel Packages should be marked to address in full; value of same is required.
For further Information as to Passage and Freight, apply to the Agency of the Company, Praya West
G, B, EMORY, Acting Agent, Hongkong, January-31; 1876, fe15
STEAM FOR
Singapore, Fénang, Point de Galle, Aden, Sues, Malta, Brindisi, Ancona, Venice, Mediter» ranean Ports, Southampton and London; ALSO, Bombay, Madras, Calcutta and Australia.
THE PANINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAM
NAVIGATION COMPANY's Steam-ship | GWALIOR, Captain J.C. Bator, with Her Majesty's Mails, Passengers, Specie, and Gorge, will leave this for the above places, on THURSDAY, the 17th Instant, ai Noon
CARGO will be received on board until Noon ; SPECIE and FARCELS at the Office until 2 P.M. on the 16th Idem.
For particulars regarding Freight and Passage, apply at the P.&O. B. N. 00.'s Office, Hongkong.
CONTENTS AND VALÈK OF PACKAGES ARE REQUIRED,
d written declaration of the Contents and Fatus of the Packages for the Overland Route be required by the Egyptian Government, and qust be delivered by the Shippers to the Com-
pany's Agents with the Bills of Lading, or with Parcels; and the Company do not hold themselves responsible for any detention or prejudice which may happen from incorrect
nesa on ruch dasiaration,
Shippers are particularly requested to note the farms and conditions of the Company's Blank Bills of Lading.
..
THE 2.0, 6. N. Co. reserve the option of forwarding all Goons ship. -ped by tholz Steamers for Europe through Egypt, either by Rail, or by Canal in their own Steamers, or in vessels employed for the purpose,
EDWARD NORTON & Co., Agents, Hongkong, January 1, 1874.
YANG TEZE INSURANCE ASSUOLA: TION OF SHANGHAL,
CAPITAL AND SURPLUS, 800,000 TaxLS,
2
POLICIES
OLICIES granted on Marine Maka toʻ all parts of the world at current rates, This Association will until further no tire, provide out of the earnings, first for an Interest Dividend of 15 to Share- holders on Capital, and thereafter diskri buted among Policy holders, annually in cash ALL the Profits of the Underwriting Builnout pro rata to amount of premium contributed.
RUSSELL & Co.
Aģents. Hongkong, July 9, 1872
LANCASHIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY.
(FIRE AND LIFE)
CAPITAL-TWO. MILLIONS STEALING.
THE CHINA MAIL.
Insurances.
THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN INSUR ANCE, COMPANY, ADELAIDE,
£500,000,
THE Undersigned having been appointed
Agents for the above Company in Hongkong, China and Japan, are prépared to inque Polloles of Marine Insurance, -phyable in Australia, London, Caloutta Bombay, Mauritius, China and Japan at current entón, AANG
--ADAMSON, BELL & Co. Hongkong, September 6, 1875.--
VICTORIA FIRE INSURANCE COM. PANY OF HONGKONG LIMITED, '' | EN LIQUIDATION, 75
NOTICE
A Forage holding Warrants Against unclaimed Dividende, Interest, or Bonté, are requited to freut same for payment at the Hongkong, and Shanghai Bink before the 1st April, 187 otherwise their claims will not be recognised.
Intimations.
IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE REDUC. TION OF THE PRICE OF THE "BHANGHAI CÖURIER AND
CHINA GÁZÉTTE,"
IT WILL BE THE
CHEAPEST DAILY PAPER IN CHINA
and as a large! INCREASE OF CIROULATION
y B CONFIDENTLY ANTICIPATED, THE ADVANTAGE TOį. ADVERTISERS
IS OBVIOUS
THE CHINESE,MAIL.
TERMS OF ADVERTISING IN THE Chinas Mail
TWO cents a character for the Rest 100 beyond the first 100, for first insertion, and half price for repetitions during the Rest week. Subsequent weeks Insertions Will be charged only one half the amount of the first week's charge. Advertisements for half a year and longer will be allowed deduction of 20 per cent on the total amount, and contracts for more favourable terms apl can be made.
characters, and one cont a character
ADOLF ANDRE,
F. D. SASSCON,
Liquidators.
Hongkong, December 20, 1875.
THE SCOTTISH IMPERIAL
INSURANCE CO.
THE Undersigned are prepared to grant
Poutores against the Rink of FILE on THE Undersigned having been appointed Buildings or on Goods stored therein, on T
Agent, in Hongkong, for the above Coals in Mataheds, on Goods on board named Confpany, in prepared to grant Vessels and on Halls of Vessels in Har Pelloics against Fire, on Buildings and on bour, at the usual Terms and Conditions. Goods to the extent of £10,000 at the Proposals for Life Assurances will be re-usual rates, subject to an immediate dia- astved, and transmitted to the Directors count of 20%. for their decision,
If required, protection will be granted on firat olsas Lives up to $1000 on a Single Life.
For Rates of Premiums, forms of pro possis or any other information, apply fo ARNHOLD, KARBERO ♣ 00.
Agents Hongkong & Canton. Hongkong, January 4, 1887,
THE CHINA FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY, LIMITED,
HEAD OFFICE-HONGKONG,
AGENCIES at all the Treaty Forts of
China and Japan, and at Singapore, Salgon and Penang.
Rinke accepted, and Polfeles of Insurance granted at the rates of Premium current at the above mentioned Ports.
· NO CHARGE FOR POLICY TER
- JAS, B. COUGHTRIE,
Secretary. Hongkong, November 1, 1871.
MANCHESTER FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF MANCHESTER
AND LONDON,
Agents for the stove Company) st THE Undersigned have been appointed Hongkong, Canton, Foocho Shanghai and Hankow, and are prepared to grant
Insurances at current rates.
HOLLIDAY, WISE & CO. Hongkong, October 14, 1868,
THE LONDON ASSURAÑOE;
INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER
His Majesty King George The Birth,
fe17 T
A. MOIVER, Superintendent, F. 40, 8, N. Co.'s Offics,
Hongkong, February 4, 1876.
Occidental & Oriental Steam- Ship Company.
TAKING THROUGH CARGO AND PASSENGERS FOR THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE,
IN CONNECTION WITH THE
CHITRAL and
'UNION PACIFIC AND CONNECTING RAILROAD COMPANIES
AND
ATLANTIC STEAMERS,
THEE S. 8. "OCEANIC” Will be des-
hama, on WEDNESDAY, the 1st March,
3 p.m. taking Cargo and Passengers for Japan, the United States and Europe,
Connection is made at Yokohama, with Steamers from Shanghal.
Freight will be received on Board until 4 p.m. of 29th Instant Farcel Packages will be received at the Office until 5 p. same day all Purcel Packages should be marked to address in full; value of same
required *
Return Passage Tickets avaliable for 6 filoutha are issued at a reduction of 20 per sent, on regular rates
For further information sa to Freight of Passage, apply to the Agency of the Company, Praya West
G. B. EMORY, Acting Agent Hongkong, February 3, 1878.
For Sale.
FOR SALE).
AUD BARTJEN'S FARBR
mol
(OMPOSITION PAINT;
For Ships Bottoms
Bols Agents for Chinds
T. BLACKHEAD & Ubi
- Hongkong, January 6, 1876,
WASHING BOOKS.
(In Engdah and Chiness.
of Ladies and fontlemen, are Dow
A. D. 1720.
THE Undersigned having been appointed Agents for the above Corporation are prepared to grant Insurances as follows:--
Marine Department.
Folletes at ourrent rates payable alther here, in London or at the principal Porta of India, Chins and Australia.
Fire Department resist ei Policies Issued for long or short periodis at current rates. A discount of 20 % allowed. Life Department. Polloles Issued for suma not exceeding £5,000 on reasonable terms,
HOLLIDAY, WISE & Co, Hongkong, July 25, 1872,
OHINESE INSURANCE COMPANY,
(LIMITED.)
NOTICE
DOLICIES granted at current rates on Marine Risks to all parts of the World. in accordance with the Company's Artdeles are distributed annually to Contributors, of Ansociation, Two Thirds of the Profits whether Shareholders or not, in proportion to the nett amount of Premis contributed by cash, the romaining third being carried. to Reserve Fund.
OLYPHANT & Co., General agenta
Hongkong, April 17, 1873,
YANGTSZE INSURANCE ASSOCIA TION OF SHANGHAL
NOTICE.
AFTER the date, the above Association A will allow Brokerage of Thirty Shron and One Third per cent. 1883%) 68 Local Riskar only.
RUSSELL & O
Hongkong, June 3, 1874.
MANCHESTER TIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
Attention is invited to a considerable. reduction in Fremle for Life Insurance in China
Life Polialen effected during the year 1876, share in the Bonus to be declared on 51st December for the quinquennial period then ending.
A. MAGG, HEATON, Hongkong, September 27, 1875.
INSURANCE COMPANY.
lutimations
PRICE $6. THE TREATY PORTS
OF
China and Japan,
No. 8940-FRBRUary 12, 1876.
·
Intimations
"THE HONGKONG CHINESE MALL,
TELE Circulation of THIS PARER has Theon very much extended. The fol lowing are some of ite Agenta-
Macao Man Chuen Shop.
Canton Sing Chuen Native Post Office,
A COMPLETE. QUIDE TO THE OPEN PORTS OF
THOSE COUNTRIES, TOGETHER WITH FE-Luen Hing Street: Chul Henng Low Hotel, KING, YEDO, HONGKONG, AND MAULO. León Hing Street; Kwong Tin Fat Shop, Yan FORMING A GUIDE BOOK & VADE ME Tai Street; Mr Bit Chuen Fan, Tung Wer OUM FOR TRAVELLERS, MERCHANTS, Kwan; Yuen Fong Shop, in front of the Provincial Treasurer's Yamen; How Yuen Shop, Small Market Street, New Olty: Too Cheung Photograph Shop, Hanam; Kwa Heung Shop, Sin Choong, Honam,
AND RESIDENTS IN GENERAL,
WM. F.
8vo. pp. 618. With 29 MAPS and PLANS.
by MAYER, N. BDEMNYS," and Üzas Kino, d COMPILED AND EDITED BY N. Bị
¿DENNIS, PH.D.
.: 4
Swatu. Sul Cheong Hong, Woh Bhun Loong Hong
Amoy-Chita Choong Hong, Mook Kok Street.
Fooshow.Mr Ya Ching Cheong, Foo chow Arterial; Mr Lum Kwok Ching, Mad- }. Hime Customs,
LONDON: N. TRUENÉR & CO., HONGKONG: China Mail Office Price, $6, leather half bound.
› Shanghai.—Mr Ng Ching Shup, Marl- The scope of this work includes detailed time Customs Me Ho Yua Chuep, Mari- descriptions of important Saree and MONU-time Custom Mr Chun, Bing Hol, Mos KENTS, notes on the OLIMATE and general Jardine Matheson & Co. Mr Empur TOPOGRAPHY, FAUNA, FLORA, GEOLOGY Chuen Fook, Educational Mission School; and METEOROLOGY of each Fork and its and Mow Sing Sang Kee shop,
Ningpo-Mr Sung Min Ches, Maritime neighbourhood, with HISTORICAL NOTICES and minute details respecting the rise and Custome. progress and social characteristics of the several foreign settlements. To these par ticulars are added summaries and statistionof the TRADE of each open Fort, compiled from official returns, together with statements respecting COINAGE, CURBENOF, and Ex.. OLLEGES, LINESOF STEAM COMMUNICATION, DITANOS, and rates of Passaex Money. Hints, and recommendations to travellers, of proseeding to the less frequented settle Chinose giving full particulars of OUTFIT and mode ments are also included, combined with note on DOMESTIC MARKETS and Mode of living.
Efforts have been made to establish Agents for circulating the Chinese Mail in all the porta and in the interior of China, all the ports in Japan, in Salgon, Singapore, Penang, Caloutta, Batavia, Manila, the Phillippines, Australia, San Francisco, Peru and her places which Calmone frequent, it will be pabilahed. Agents have been already established in most of the above places, and in important ports more than one agent has been appointed at each. OHUN AYIN,
Manager, Hongkong, February 28, 1874. -
NOTICE.
In the Goods of GEORGE BAKTY FALCONER, Deceased,
:
NORTH BRITISH & MERCANTIL ALL Prahova te greutated against the above Estate are requested to sond in Particulars of the name to the Undersigned, on or before the 28th Day of February, 1876, after which date no Claims will be recognised.
Incorporated by Royal Charter and 'Special Acts of Parliament,
ESTABLISHED 1809,
CAPITAL £2,000,000,
THE Undersigned, AGERTS at Hongkong
And all Persons being indebted to the ald Estate are requested to make Imme diate Payment.
L. B. FALCONER,
Administratric
Hongkong, December 8, 1875,
NOW READY.
fe28
for the above Uompany, are prepared to`grant Polides against FIRE, to the extent of £10,000 on any Building, or "on"" "Méréhandise" in " the same, at the "usual Rates," subject to count of 20 TENG-SHUI OF, THE BURIMENTS OF
AL. NATURAL SCIENCE ÎN CHINA. By DT GILMAN 8 001,
B. J. EizEL. One Volume, 8vo. Prios, Aginti.
$1.50.
per cent,
Hongkong, July 6, 1875,
ROTAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
aceste for the above Company, MEE Undersigned having been appoint
are prepared to grant Theurances at our rent rates
MELCHERS & Ob. Agents, Royal Insurance Company, Hongkong, October 27, 1874.
Intimations.
COAL DEPOT.
of every defeription supplied to
Steamers by the Undersigned, urders may be left at the Godowns, Winch, with Mr J. MAGLEROS, or Long Au Yos, KWONGHING, Praya
BUDDHISM, I HISTO3⁄4X, THEORY AND POPULAR RELIGION, in three Lectures, By Dr. E. J. EITEL. Second Edition. One Folume. 8vo. Price, $1.50..
Orders will be resolved by Mesura Lane Crawford & Cos
Hongkong, July 81,"1878.
Now Ready.
THE CHINA REVIEW, VOL. IV., No. 3,
EDITED BY N. B. DANNYS, PH.D.
Annual Subscription, postage included,
$8.50.
CONTENTS.
In addition to furnishing similar partion. lars, the Section devoted to Hongkong contains an historical sketch forming chronological inder of the chief events which occupied public attention between 1841 and 1866, including POLITICAL EVENTS, Changes in the GOVERNMENT SERVION, the passing-of important ORDINANOSS," the ÅBEIVAL -and DEPARTURE TO EMINENT
·RESIDENTS, & record of the most notable PIRACIES, ROBBERIES, MURDERS, FRAUDS, FIRES and Criminal TRIALS, ADDRESSES and PRESENTATIONE, AO, AUG.
The appendix contains full tables of the various steam companies' lines. It also includes a CATALOGUS of over 440 works published in the English language upon Uhins and Japan, while a copious Lapax at the end of the work affords a ready means of reference to the reader.
A KEW STOJE OF NEXT JOBBING TYPES
HAVING BEEN RECEIVED FROM ENGLAND, THIS OFFICE IS PREPARED TO EXECUTE
BOOK & JOB PRINTING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION AE REASONABLE RATES.
FANCY BALL PROGRAMMES
ABSORTED BIZES, IN GOLD AND GĐÈQUBE.
BALL PENCILS,
assorted colours
MENU CARDS,
In Gold & Coloured Borders & Patterns
BOOKS BOUND IN APPROVED PATTERNS
For Sale, AGREEMENTS FOR FOREIGN-GOING"
SHIPS,
Bankowo-Yee Hing Hong. Photo-Yee Shun Hong. Japan.Mr Leong Chun Tong, Munici pal Office, Yokohama
Saigon Wohang Hong.
Singapore Ting Kee Hong- Kwong Fook Sang Hong,
Penang-Yow Wing Fong; Argu Office. Calcutta-Mow Bing Company.
San Francisco,--Kwong Foong Tai Hong. The above are some of the Agencies others will be pubilahed, when they ard arranged for. Negociations are in progress with the express couriers who carry the oficial despatches and Peking Garstler, to circulate the Chinese Mail in the interior of China.......
Hongkong, March 10, 1874.
POST OFFICE NOTIFICATINOS. MAILS BY THE United States PacKET. The United States Mail Packet CITY OF
PEKING will be despatched on TULS. DAY, the 15th Inst., at B .. with the Malle
For Yokohama, San Francisco, the United
States and the United Kingdom. The Post Office will be open for the recep
tion of Ordinary Letters, Books, Newsa papers, dro., until 3.30 p.m. Letters can be posted on board the Packet from 2.30 p.m. to 2.50 p.m. on payment of a Late Fee of 12 cents in addition to the Postage.dk
The prepayment of the Postage to all the above places by this route is compul. sory, Correspondence Insufficiently prepaid will be forwarded by the Eng fith Packets
Correspondence addressed to Yokohama, and the United States must be super- acribed per City of Peking, and that addressed to the United Kingdom must be superscribed “við San Franelsco,”
ALFRED LISTER
Postmarter Genéral,
General Post Office, Hongkong, Feb. 4, 1876,
MAILS BY THE ENGLISH PÄCKET. — The English Contract Packet GWALIOR, will be despatched with the Mailą --for Europe, co., on THURSDAY, the 17th Instant.
The following will be the hours of losing
tho Malls, do, um
Wednesday, 18th Inst. 5.P.M., Money Order Office closes,
LADY'S AND GENTLEMAN'S WASHING 6PM., Post Office closes except the NIGHT
BOOKS,
CONTRACT PASSAGE TICKETS, EXPORT CARGO REPORTS, POWERS OF ATTORNEY,
LANDSTEIN & Co. Hongkong, November 1, 1876.
The Folklore of China, (Continued from CHARTER PARTIES, myl
HONGKONG GENERAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE,
NOTICE.
THE Post of Secretary being about to
become vacant, Applications for the same addressed to the Chairman will be recadved up to the 36th Instant. Salary $1,600 per annum.
Hongkong, January 18, 1876.
ARUPEE CAST STEEL WORKS,
Eases (Germsuy.) Bols Agent for China,
:: 7. PEIL- Horezone, SANGHAI, CO2OGR (Germany)
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
HINA REVIEW
Complete Set of Vol. Li Six Dollars Will be paid for the above.
Nos 1ahdol L
No. 1, (2 copies) and No. 1, (I obpy)
On Dollar will be given for each of the Abors Mo
Apply to the Publishers,
OHINA MALL OFFICE
PILOTAGE
page 84.)
The Chinese Vernaculara,
Trip to the City of Leen Chau.
Legend of the Building of Peking.
SHIPPING ORDERS, BILLS OF LADING, PASSENGER LISTS, BILLS OF SALE,
Chinese Explorations of the Indian Ocean
during the Fifteenth Century, (Con- LOG BOOKS, tinued from page 67.)?
An Introduction to a Retrospect of Forty! WILLS,
Years of Foreign Intercourse with China
Short Notices of Now Books and Literary
Intelligence.
Notes and Queries on Eastern Matters
*Tortare in British and Chinese Prisons,
Fusang, g Chinese Jessamine;
·Bello,
“N
The Natural History of Chitia Réd sa a Festivé Colour: Books Wanted, Exchanges, &re.
China Mail Offes. Hongkong, January 11, 1876.
NOTICE
THE CHINESE MAIL.
TAROM and after the Chinese New Year's
day (February 17, 1874) the Chinois Mall will be issued" Daily instead: DE TRI- WEEKLY as heretofore. No change, how- | ever, will be made in the price of suggerip tion, which will remain at per annum.
""&c
$0.
China Mail Office, 2. Wyndham Street,
(Back of Club).
HONG LISTS.
THE AMENDED (HONG LIST in English and Chinese, con- taining the Names of all the most important Companies, Institutions and Mercantile Houses in the Colony,
Price, 25 cents each; or 82.50 per dozen.
At the "China Mail" Officer
The Overland China Mait,
Ciche oldest Overland Pager in China;).
PUBLISHED AT THE ''ÜHIKA MAIL" OFFIUS)
The obarges for advertisements are non- assimilated to these of the China Mall
(COMPILED from the Usily Ching Mail The naushal success which he attended published twice a month on the the Chinese Mail makes it an admirable morning of the English Mail's departure, medium for advertisers
and is a record of each fertnight's, current history of events in China and Japan, con tributed in original cepcute and collated from the joutas a published at the various ports in those Countries Women
The Conductors guarantee ad stentual circulation of me flousdilli dopiell. It is already the most fivential native journal published, and enjoys cotistderable prestige THE Undesired Agents are lit récipie
TESSELA inward bound dan sestre Pat the Ports of China and Japan, and t of instructions from the Board of bots Hom Reet Island, from this date. Bingapore Penang, Caloutte, Bau Franels Directors authorizing them to igo Policies Outward bound easels can secure to and Australla. to the patent of £10,000 on any one at FIRST CLASS PILOTS by applying to
For terms, do, scurese olaas risk, of to the extent of $20,000 on the Undersigned at Fraya Central, No. 29.
The Pilot-boat's Flag in No. 6 at the
A Discount of 20% allowed.
HOLDIDAY, WISH TO Hongkong, darussy 6, 1970,
6 kur e F-STUART, Hongkong, April 5, 1870,
Ma OHUN AYIN, Manager
China Man Gatos,
17hli Februner, 1876
It contains Shipping news from Shanghai, Hongkong, Canton, Mação de j'and 'd come plete Commercial Bummsty."AN
Subscription, $18 per annum, payable in adranon, Postage added. Bingle Gorice, 50 cents enthu
Terms of Advertising, same in is Daily
Box, which remains open all night.
Thursday, 17th Inst.
7-AM Post Office opens for sale of Stamps, Registry of Letters, and Posting of all correspondence.
10 AM Post Office closes except for Inte
Lettera Registry of Letters cease, [10.15 a∙M.; Letters may be posted on payment of a Lars Ess of 18 conta to
extra Postage until
11 AM when the Post Office Ozo
entirely,
11.30 AM, Letters (but Letters only) addressed to the United Kingdom Via Brindis or to Singapore may be posted on board the Packet on payment of a Late For of 48 centa extra postage. 11.50 a.m., Posting on Board osaase,
ALFRED LISTER,
Portmaster General,
General Poit Office, Hongkong, Feb. 4, 1876.
MAILS BY THE FEENCE FADEET,— The Franch Contract Packet DJEMNAHM
will be despatched on THURSDAY, the 24th Jostant, with Mails to and through the United Kingdom vật Marseilles; to Europe, Salzon, Sin- gapore, Galle, Australia, New Zea land, Aden, Seychelles, Rennlot Mauritius, Suez, and Alexandria, The following will be the hours of closing
s the Malls, dro, **** Wednesday, 20rd,
BF., Money Order Office closes. · Post
Office olones except the NIGHT, Box which remains open all night.
Thursday, 24th,
TAM, Post Office opens for sale of Stamps Regletty of Leitern, aud Posting of all correspondence.
10 A., Reglatry of Letters counes. 11. Post Office closes except for Late
Letter
11.10 A. Letters (but Letters only) addrested to the United Kingdom or {to to Singapore may be ponedon payment of a Late Fes of 18 centa extra portage, until – 11.80 when the Post Offles Otošn
entirely.
ALUBED LISTER,
Postmatter General,
General Post Ofe Hongkong, February 10, 1876.
No comments yet.
Private notes are available after approval.