AnnualReport-1915 — Page 31

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# PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.

The activity in building operations, which has been so noticeable a feature since 1912, has not abated, and the demand for housing accommodation by the Chinese continued to be greatly in excess of the supply, as many of those who fled with their families to Hongkong during 1911, 1912, and 1913 elected to remain in the Colony.

The corrected birth-rate for the year was 8.4 per 1,000 among the Chinese community and 13.2 per 1,000 among the Non-Chinese community, as compared with 9.3 and 16.8 during 1914.

The death-rate for the year was 19.0 per 1,000 among the Chinese community and 9.4 among the Non-Chinese community, as compared with 23.8 and 12.9 during 1914.

The number of deaths from Malaria (366) shows an increase on the previous year (241). The deaths of Chinese from this cause in the City of Victoria numbered 157 out of a population of 257,750, or a rate of 0.6 per 1,000 per annum.

The deaths from Plague numbered 144, as compared with 2,020 in 1914 and 408 in 1913.

Small-pox deaths numbered 29, all Chinese, with the exception of two Japanese children and one British child.

There were 2,303 deaths from respiratory diseases among the Chinese, as compared with 2,252 in 1914. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Phthisis claimed 796 Chinese victims, while other forms of Tuberculosis represent an additional 332 deaths, making a total of 1,128, or 14.6 per cent. of the total deaths among that community.

Beri-beri was responsible for 398 deaths, as compared with 399 during 1914 and 339 in 1913. During the past few years, circulars have been distributed to all large employers of coolie labour, calling their attention to the fact that Beri-beri is produced by the consumption of white rice as the staple article of diet without a sufficiency of other foods, and advising that beans should be supplied with the rice when fresh meat or fresh fish cannot be afforded.

A tabular statement of the principal causes of death is appended.

## CLIMATE.

The mean shade temperature for the year at the Royal Observatory, Kowloon, (108 feet above mean sea level), was 73°.4, the same as in 1913, and 1°.1 higher than the mean for the past 10 years. The maximum temperature was 93°.4 on the 28th July, and the minimum 41°.7 on the 16th January. The hottest month was August, with a mean temperature of 83.5, and the coldest, January, with a mean temperature of 60°.1.

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29 # PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION. The activity in building operations, which has been so noticeable a feature since 1912, has not abated, and the demand for housing accommodation by the Chinese continued to be greatly in excess of the supply, as many of those who fled with their families to Hongkong during 1911, 1912, and 1913 elected to remain in the Colony. The corrected birth-rate for the year was 8.4 per 1,000 among the Chinese community and 13.2 per 1,000 among the Non-Chinese community, as compared with 9.3 and 16.8 during 1914. The death-rate for the year was 19.0 per 1,000 among the Chinese community and 9.4 among the Non-Chinese community, as compared with 23.8 and 12.9 during 1914. The number of deaths from Malaria (366) shows an increase on the previous year (241). The deaths of Chinese from this cause in the City of Victoria numbered 157 out of a population of 257,750, or a rate of 0.6 per 1,000 per annum. The deaths from Plague numbered 144, as compared with 2,020 in 1914 and 408 in 1913. Small-pox deaths numbered 29, all Chinese, with the exception of two Japanese children and one British child. There were 2,303 deaths from respiratory diseases among the Chinese, as compared with 2,252 in 1914. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Phthisis claimed 796 Chinese victims, while other forms of Tuberculosis represent an additional 332 deaths, making a total of 1,128, or 14.6 per cent. of the total deaths among that community. Beri-beri was responsible for 398 deaths, as compared with 399 during 1914 and 339 in 1913. During the past few years, circulars have been distributed to all large employers of coolie labour, calling their attention to the fact that Beri-beri is produced by the consumption of white rice as the staple article of diet without a sufficiency of other foods, and advising that beans should be supplied with the rice when fresh meat or fresh fish cannot be afforded. A tabular statement of the principal causes of death is appended. ## CLIMATE. The mean shade temperature for the year at the Royal Observatory, Kowloon, (108 feet above mean sea level), was 73°.4, the same as in 1913, and 1°.1 higher than the mean for the past 10 years. The maximum temperature was 93°.4 on the 28th July, and the minimum 41°.7 on the 16th January. The hottest month was August, with a mean temperature of 83.5, and the coldest, January, with a mean temperature of 60°.1.

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29 -PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION. The activity in building operations, which has been so notice- able a feature since 1912 has not abated, and the demand for housing accommodation by the Chinese continued to be greatly in excess of the supply, as many of those who fled with their families to Hongkong during 1911, 1912 and 1913 elected to remain in the Colony. The corrected birth-rate for the year was 84 per 1,000 among the Chinese community and 13-2 per 1,000 among the Non-Chinese community, as compared with 9-3 and 16'8 during 1914. The death-rate for the year was 190 per 1,000 among the Chinese community and 94 among the Non-Chinese community, as compared with 23-8 and 12-9 during 1914. The number of deaths from Malaria (366) shows an increase on the previous year (241). The deaths of Chinese from this cause in the City of Victoria numbered 157 out of a population of 257,750 or a rate of 0.6 per 1,000 per annum. The deaths from Plague numbered 144 as compared with 2,020 in 1914 and 408 in 1913. Small-pox deaths numbered 29, all Chinese, with the exception of two Japanese children and one British child. There were 2,303 deaths from respiratory diseases among the Chinese, as compared with 2,252 in 1914. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Phthisis claimed 796 Chinese victims, while other forms of Tuberculosis represent an additional 332 deaths, making a total of 1,128 or 14.6 per cent. of the total deaths among that community. Beri-beri was responsible for 398 deaths, as compared with 399 during 1914 and 339 in 1913. During the past few years circulars have been distributed to all large employers of coolie labour calling their attention to the fact that Beri-beri is produced by the consumption of white rice as the staple article of diet with- out a sufficiency of other foods, and advising that beans should be supplied with the rice, when fresh meat or fresh fish cannot be afforded. A tabular statement of the principal causes of death is appended. (c.)-CLIMATE. The mean shade temperature for the year at the Royal Obser- vatory, Kowloon, (108 feet above mean sea level), was 73°-4, the same as in 1913, and 1o-1 higher than the mean for the past 10 years. The maximum temperature was 93°-4 on the 28th July and the minimum 41°-7 on the 16th January. The hottest month was August, with a mean temperature of 83-5 and the coldest, January, with a mean temperature of 60°-1.

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-PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION.

The activity in building operations, which has been so notice- able a feature since 1912 has not abated, and the demand for housing accommodation by the Chinese continued to be greatly in excess of the supply, as many of those who fled with their families to Hongkong during 1911, 1912 and 1913 elected to remain in the Colony.

The corrected birth-rate for the year was 84 per 1,000 among the Chinese community and 13-2 per 1,000 among the Non-Chinese community, as compared with 9-3 and 16'8 during 1914.

The death-rate for the year was 190 per 1,000 among the Chinese community and 94 among the Non-Chinese community, as compared with 23-8 and 12-9 during 1914.

The deaths from Plague numbered 144 as compared with 2,020 in 1914 and 408 in 1913.

Small-pox deaths numbered 29, all Chinese, with the exception of two Japanese children and one British child.

There were 2,303 deaths from respiratory diseases among the Chinese, as compared with 2,252 in 1914. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Phthisis claimed 796 Chinese victims, while other forms of Tuberculosis represent an additional 332 deaths, making a total of 1,128 or 14.6 per cent. of the total deaths among that community.

Beri-beri was responsible for 398 deaths, as compared with 399 during 1914 and 339 in 1913. During the past few years circulars have been distributed to all large employers of coolie labour calling their attention to the fact that Beri-beri is produced by the consumption of white rice as the staple article of diet with- out a sufficiency of other foods, and advising that beans should be supplied with the rice, when fresh meat or fresh fish cannot be afforded.

A tabular statement of the principal causes of death is appended.

(c.)-CLIMATE.

The mean shade temperature for the year at the Royal Obser- vatory, Kowloon, (108 feet above mean sea level), was 73°-4, the same as in 1913, and 1o-1 higher than the mean for the past 10 years. The maximum temperature was 93°-4 on the 28th July and the minimum 41°-7 on the 16th January. The hottest month was August, with a mean temperature of 83-5 and the coldest, January, with a mean temperature of 60°-1.

AnnualReport-1915 — Page 31

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