20
There can be little doubt, moreover, that this influx of refugees has contributed largely to the increase in the number of cases of Plague and to the considerable outbreak of Small-pox, which occurred at the latter end of the year.
The general death-rate for the year was 21.13 per 1,000 among the Chinese Community and 13.38 among the Non-Chinese Community, as compared with 22.50 and 10.04 during 1910.
The number of deaths from malaria (338) is considerably lower than it had been for the previous five years, and Kowloon still maintains the low average which it assumed on the completion of the railway works. The deaths from this cause in the City of Victoria numbered 176 out of a population of 218,000; but more than 26% of these deaths occurred in Health District No. 9, in close proximity to which extensive building operations have been in progress during the past year.
The deaths from plague numbered 253, as compared with 23 in 1910, and 108 in 1909. All the cases of plague were Chinese with the exception of one Indian constable who died.
Small-pox deaths numbered 198 - all Chinese, with the exception of one British missionary lady who succumbed to the hæmorrhagic type of the disease; only ten of these were returned as having been previously vaccinated.
There were 2,487 deaths from respiratory diseases among the Chinese, as compared with 2,603 in 1910. Phthisis claimed 753 Chinese victims, while other forms of tuberculosis represent an additional 426 deaths, making a total of 1,179 or 15.7% of the total deaths among that community.
Beri-beri was responsible for 320 deaths, as compared with 566 during 1910, and 555 in 1909. During the past year, circulars have been distributed to all large employers of coolie labour calling their attention to the fact that beri-beri is produced by the consumption of white rice as the staple article of diet without a sufficiency of other foods, and advising that beans should be supplied with the rice, when fresh meat or fresh fish cannot be afforded, and it is possible that the dissemination of this information may have had some influence in reducing the mortality from this disease.
(c.) CLIMATE.
The average monthly temperature throughout the year was 72.1° F. as compared with 72.0° F. in 1910 and an average of 72.1° F. during the ten preceding years. The maximum mean monthly temperature was attained in June, when it reached 87.2° F., and the mean minimum monthly temperature was recorded in January, when it was 55.5° F. The highest recorded temperature during the year was 93.1 F. on the 25th August, and the lowest 47.1° F. on the 24th February.
* These are the temperatures recorded by the Observatory at sea-level. The temperature in the high levels at the Peak averages some 10° less.
20
There can be little doubt, moreover, that this influx of refugees has contributed largely to the increase in the number of cases of Plague and to the considerable outbreak of Small-pox, which occurred at the latter end of the year.
The general death-rate for the year was 21 13 per 1,000 among the Chinese Community and 13:38 among the Non-Chinese Commu- nity, as compared with 22:50 and 10:04 during 1910.
The number of deaths from malaria (338) is considerably lower than it had been for the previous five years, and Kowloon still main- tains the low average which it assumed on the completion of the railway works. The deaths from this cause in the City of Victoria numbered 176 out of a population of 218,000; but more than 26% of these deaths occurred in Health District No. 9, in close proximity to which extensive building operations have been in progress during the past year.
The deaths from plague numbered 253, as compared with 23 in 1910, and 108 in 1909. All the cases of plague were Chinese with the exception of one Indian constable who died.
Small-pox deaths numbered 198-all Chinese, with the exception of one British missionary lady who succumbed to the hæmorrhagic type of the disease; only ten of these were returned as having been previously vaccinated.
There were 2,487 deaths from respiratory diseases among the Chinese, as compared with 2,603 in 1910. Phthisis claimed 753 Chinese victims, while other forms of tuberculosis represent an additional 426 deaths, making a total of 1,179 or 15'7% of the total deaths among that community.
Beri-beri was responsible for 320 deaths, as compared with 566 during 1910, and 555 in 1909. During the past year circulars have been distributed to all large employers of coolie labour calling their attention to the fact that beri-beri is produced by the consumption of white rice as the staple article of diet without a sufficiency of other foods, and advising that beans should be supplied with the rice, when fresh meat or fresh fish connot be afforded, and it is pos- sible that the dissemination of this information may have had some influence in reducing the mortality from this disease.
(c.) CLIMATE.
The average monthly temperature throughout the year was 72.1° F. as compared with 72·0° F. in 1910 and an average of 72·1° F. during the ten preceding years. The maximum mean monthly temperature was attained in June, when it reached 87-2° F., and the mean minimum monthly temperature was recorded in January, when it was 555° F. The highest recorded temperature during the year was 93·1 F. on the 25th August, and the lowest 47·1° F. on the 24th February.
* These are the temperatures recorded by the Observatory at sea-level. The temperature in the high levels at the Peak averages some 10o less.
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