5. Cirrus (c.) is the finest and most lofty of all the clouds. It looks like hair, thread or feathers, and is often called "mare's tails."
Cirro-cumulus (c-cum.) is also a high cloud, but is more rounded in form than the former. It looks like small woolly tufts. If regularly arranged in ripple-like layers it is known as "Mackerel sky."
44
Cirro-stratus (c-str.) form a sheet of uniform thickness very high up in the atmosphere. They are often seen in long straight streaks, that appear to emerge from a point of the horizon. When covering the whole sky they form a sort of vapourous transparent veil. These clouds descend often at a rapid rate and are changed into lower forms. They are an infallible sign of bad weather. It is in them that solar and lunar halos are seen.
Sometimes cirrus is visible as a milky and evidently very lofty haze, which is termed “cirrus-haze.”
6. Stratus (str.) is also a layer of cloud of uniform thickness generally. It has little variety of shade and belongs essentially to the lower regions of the atmosphere. When it appears at a high level it is sometimes mistaken for c-str. from which it differs by being an ascending cloud (lifted fog) that presages fine weather.
7. Cumulus (cum.) consists of rounded heaps like enormous balls of wool. They are frequently seen about the horizon at sunset or sunrise in the shape of mountains of dazzling whiteness and fantastic shapes.
Small-cumulus (sm.-cum.) are small white cumulus.
Roll-cumulus (R.-cum.) is formed by cumulus clouds of cylindrical shape lying in long horizontal rolls. If closely packed they hide the blue sky and give it the appearance of the curtains of a theatre.
Cumulo-stratus (cum.-str.) is a cumulus dark and flat at its base traversed by horizontal streaks of dark cloud.
8. Nimbus (nim.) is a rain cloud. When it has overspread the whole sky it is frequently so mixed up with and concealed by the falling rain that it assumes a uniform dark appearance.
Cumulo-nimbus (cum.-nim.) consists of cumulus, that has lost its whiteness and fine round shape. Lying closer and with less defined outlines they look like dull grey masses. Still their height is considerable, and no rain falls from them. If there are upper clouds visible above the lower, they should be noted thus: meaning cirrus above cumulus, and their direction thus: meaning that the upper clouds come from N.E., while the lower come from S.W.
N.E.
S.W.
cir.
cum.
IX.—Weather
1. The weather registered should refer to that which exists at the time of observation. The weather since last observation is entered in a different column.
The following abbreviations are used:-
a. For a. m.
b. Blue sky, i.e. less than a quarter covered with clouds.
c. Detached clouds, i.e. about half clouded.
d. Drizzling rain.
f. Fog or mist.
g. Gloomy, threatening.
h. Hail
l. Lightning, but no thunder heard.
lt. Lightning and thunder.
o. Overcast, i.e. at least three quarters of the sky are clouded.
p. Passing showers.
p. For p. m.
q. Squally.
r. Rain.
s. Snow.
t. Thunder, but no lightning seen.
v. Unusual visibility of distant objects.
w. Dew (wet).
A great intensity of a phenomenon is indicated by underlining the symbol.
By combining these letters the weather is indicated, e.g. cgl indicates that the sky is about half clouded and presents a threatening appearance, and that flashes of lightning are seen.
In case of thunder or lightning it is well to note in what direction it is noticed.
2. A note should be made also of other phenomena, such as solar or lunar crowns (diameter from two to ten times the diameter of the moon), halos (diameter equal to about one eighth of the circumference of the horizon), single and double rainbows, mirage, &c. Hoarfrost should be also registered as well as dust-storms.
5. Cirrus (c.) is the finest and most lofty of all the clouds. It looks like hair, thread or feathers, and is often called "mare's tails."
Cirro-cumulus (c-cum.) is also a high cloud, but is more rounded in form than the former. It looks like small woolly tufts. If regularly arranged in ripple-like layers it is known as
Mackerel sky."
44
Cirro-stratus (c-str.) form a sheet of uniform thickness very high up in the atmosphere. They are often seen in long straight streaks, that appear to emerge from a point of the horizon. When covering the whole sky they form a sort of vapourous transparent veil. These clouds descend often at a rapid rate and are changed into lower forms. They are an infallible sign of bad weather. It is in them that solar and lunar halos are seen.
Sometimes cirrus is visible as a milky and evidently very lofty haze, which is termed “cirrus-haze.”
6. Stratus (str.) is also a layer of cloud of uniform thickness generally. It has little variety of shade and belongs essentially to the lower regions of the atmosphere. When it appears at a high level it is sometimes mistaken for e-str. from which it differs by being an ascending cloud (lifted fog) that presages 'fine weather.
7. Cumulus (cum.) consists of rounded heaps like enormous balls of wool. They are frequently seen about the horizon at sunset or sunrise in the shape of mountains of dazzling whiteness and fantastic shapes.
Small-cumulus (sm.-cum.) are small white cumulus.
Roll-cumulus (R.-cum.) is formed by cumulus clouds of cylindrical shape lying in long horizontal rolls. If closely packed they hide the blue sky and give it the appearance of the curtains of a theatre.
Cumulo-stratus (cum.-str.) is a cumulus dark and flat at its base traversed by horizontal streaks of dark cloud. 8. Nimbus (nim.) is a rain cloud. When it has overspread the whole sky it is frequently so mixed up with and concealed by the falling rain that it assumes a uniform dark appearance.
Cumulo-nimbus (cum.-nim.) consists of cumulus, that has lost its whiteness and fine round shape. Lying closer and with less defined outlines they look like dull grey masses. Still their height is considerable, and no rain falls from them. If there are upper clouds visible above the lower, they should be noted thus: meaning cirrus above cumulus, and their direction thus: meaning that the upper clouds come from N.E., while the lower come from S.W.
N.E. 3.W.
cir.
cum.
IX.-Weather.
1. The weather registered should refer to that which exists at the time of observation. The weather since last observation is entered in a different column.
The following abbreviations are used:-
a. For a. m.
b. Blue sky, i.e. less than a quarter covered with clouds.
c. Detached clouds, i.e. about half clouded.
d. Drizzling rain.
f. Fog or mist.
g. Gloomy, threatening.
h. Hail
7. Lightning, but no thunder heard.
It. Lightning and thunder.
o. Overcast, ¿.e. at least three quarters of the sky are clouded.
p. Passing showers.
p. For p. m.
q. Squally.
7. Rain.
s. Snow.
t. Thunder, but no lightning seen.
v. Unusual visibility of distant objects.
w. Dew (wet).
A great intensity of a phenomenon is indicated by underlining the symbol.
By combining these letters the weather,is indicated, e. g. cgl indicates that the sky is about half clouded and presents
a threatening appearance, and that flashes of lightning are seen.
In case of thunder or lightning it is well to note in what direction it is noticed.
2. A note should be made also of other phenomena, such as solar or lunar crowns (diameter from two to ten times
the diameter of the moon), halos (diameter equal to about one eighth of the circumference of the horizon), single and double rainbows, mirage, &c. Hoarfrost should be also registered as well as dust-storms.
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