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to incriminate the wild rat as the main reservoir of the infection in nature, and to associate these rodents with such seasonal incidence of the disease as exists. Numerous experiments were carried out, both in man and animals, which add considerably to the know- ledge of the mechanism of infection, pathogenicity and prophylaxis. An immunity has been proved experimentally to develop against attacks of the larvæ, not only in man but in animals. A comparison is made between Cordylobia and some other flies which cause cutaneous Myiasis.

A Note on Auchmeromyia luteola, Fab. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVII, No. 4. Miscellanea, p. 555. Gordon, R. M. The Frequency of Indicanuria. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVII, No. 4, p. 549. Indicanuria occurs in about twenty-five per cent. of apparently normal individuals. It was present in ninety-four per cent. of amoebic dysentery cases, but was absent from the urine of five cases of bacillary dysentery.

Gordon, R. M. The Urine in Malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVII,

No. 4, Miscellanea, p. 556.

Macfie, J. W. S. Paramphistomum cervi in a Horse. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit.

Vol. XVII, No. 4. Miscellanea, p. 554. Newstead, R. On a New Species of Phlebotomus from Japan. Ann. Trop. Med.

& Parasit. Vol. XVII, No. 4, p. 531. Newstead, R. Glossina ziemanni, Grünberg, a Synonym of Glossina palpalis, Sub-species Fuscipes, Newstead. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVII, No. 4, p. 533.

Southwell, T. Notes on Cestode Parasites from a Duck. Ann. Trop. Med. &

Parasit. Vol. XVII, No. 4. Miscellanea, p. 553. Southwell, T. Notes on Parasitic Worms from the Gold Coast. Ann. Trop. Med.

& Parasit. Vol. XVII, No. 4. Miscellanea, p. 553. Southwell, T. Cittotaenia lagorchestis, Lewis, 1914. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit.

Vol. XVII, No. 4. Miscellanea, p. 554.

Southwell, T. The Pearl-Inducing Worm in the Ceylon Pearl Oyster. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVIII, No. 1, p. 37. A summary is given of our present knowledge with reference to the so-called pearl-inducing worm in the Ceylon pearl oyster. The following points appear to be well established:---(1) That the globular larvæ in the pearl oyster belong morphologically to the genus Tylocephalum, and probably Tetrarhyn- chus unionifactor is the adult of the Tetrarhynchid larva occurring in the walls of the gut of the oyster, (2) The reason why no represen- tative of the genus Tylocephalum occurred in the fishes which had been specially fed on oysters is unknown. Experimentally, the globular larvæ appeared to develop into Tetrarhynchids. It is desirable that feeding experiments should be tried again, on a bigger scale, and for a greater length of time, in order to decide definitely whether the larva does belong to the genus Tylocephalum or whether, as Herdman suggested, the globular larvæ actually develop into Tetrarhynchids. (3) There is no doubt that the globular larvæ do frequently occur as pearl nuclei and that pearl formation round them only takes place when, for any reason, a young larva dies before a fibrous cyst is formed and sets up local irritation. The fact that a pearl sac of epithelial origin occurs round such pearls is established beyond doubt. (4) Whilst it appears to be true that these dead globular larvæ are the primary cause of pearl formation, it is probable that other bodies form the nuclei of pearls, such, for instance, as graths of sand, amorphous shell substance, dead organic particles, etc. (5) It would appear that from the financial or commercial point of view the value of these fisheries depend entirely on their regularity and magnitude, but also on the number of pearls contained in the oysters. It is not unreasonable to assume that the yield of pearls could be increased if numbers of the globular larvæ in the oyster could be killed by artificial means, while the oyster was alive and young. After such treatment the oysters could be returned to a localised area in the sea and left to grow. The writer is well aware of the fact that operations of this kind would be difficult but they are certainly not impossible.

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Southwell, T. Occurrence of Ascaris lumbricoides in a Drainage Tube. Ann.

Trop. Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVIII, No. 1. Miscellanea, p. 128. Southwell, T., and Adler, S. Ophiotaenia_marenzelleri. Ann. Trop. Med. &

Parasit. Vol XVIII, No. 1. Miscellanes, p. 129. Southwell, T., and Adler, S. Zschokkeella guineensis. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit.

Vol. XVIII, No. 1. Miscellanea, p. 219.

Southwell, T, and Adler, S. Tetrarhynchid larva. Ann Trop Med. & Parasit.

Vol. XVIII, No. 1. Miscellanea, p. 129.

Stephens, J. W. W. Some Morphological Features of Plasmodium falciparum. Ann. Trop Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVIII, No. 1, p. 33. Stephens, J. W. W. Duration of Infection in Malaria: Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit.

Vol. XVIII, No. 1. Miscellanea, p. 127. Stephens, J. W. W. and Gordon, R. M. The Relative Number of Male and Female

Crescents. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVIII, No. 1, p. 55. In a case observed by us on nine separate days, female always out- numbered male crescents, the average ratio being three to one. Yorke, W., and Macfie, J. W S The Action of the Salivary Secretion of Mosquitoes and of Glossina tachinoides on Human Blood. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVIII, No. 1, p. 103.

Yorke, W., and Macfie, J. W. S. Trypanosoma evansi and Ornithodorus crossi.

Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasit. Vol. XVIII, No. 1, p. 125.

Sierra Leone Research Laboratory.

Dr. Maplestone arrived in Freetown on the 28th April, and from that date until the departure on leave of Professor Blacklock, on the 2nd May, he was busy taking over control of the laboratory and making himself acquainted with the routine working.

Gaol Prisoners.

Work was begun immediately on a routine examination of the gaol prisoners, to ascertain the types and percentages of intestinal and blood parasites found in the colony. The gaol was chosen on account of the ease of collecting the necessary number of specimens. It is proposed to examine a total of 500 prisoners. During the progress of this work assistance has been given to the Medical Officer in Charge of the gaol, by supplying him with information as to the prisoners infected with pathogenic organism and by re-examining them after treatment.

Red Cotton Bug.

Professor Blacklock had been engaged on the investigation of the red cotton bug for the presence of flagellates, and at his request this work was continued as long as material was available. But the insects disappeared when the wet season was well established, so it had to be abandoned temporarily and has not yet been resumed.

Hookworm.

Some preliminary work was also begun on investigating the development of Hookworm larvæ in different types of soil.

All this work was necessarily interrupted by the visit to the Gold Coast, from 29th July till the 22nd August. The result of this visit has already been forwarded in a special report.

On returning to Freetown, work was again resumed on the gaol prisoners and Hookworm development. Neither of these is yet complete, but it is hoped to have the work on the gaol finished before the end of the year, when it will be prepared for publication. The work on Hookworm is a big subject and will be continued at least for the duration of the present tour.

Relapsing Fever.

On account of the recent recognition of the presence of Relapsing Fever in several parts of West Africa, the Director of Medical and Sanitary Services asked if an investigation on these lines could be undertaken in Sierra Leone on behalf of the Government. This was done and blood films were sent in by various Medical Officers from cases suffering from indefinite fevers. The period covered was from 4th September till the 19th October, and a total of 112 films from different cases were examined. These were all negative and so the work was discontinued, as it was considered that enough had been done to establish the fact that, if not altogether absent, Relapsing Fever was at all events extremely uncommon in the Colony at present, and was not the cause of a slight increase of morbidity recently noted. It was offered that this work would be taken up again at any time should indications arise.

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