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Sykes's Cercopithecus, so easily obtained in Nairobi, as the animals all suffer from piroplasmosis, from which they die when kept in confinement. The small black-faced cercopithecus bears captivity well, and, even when infected with piro- plasmosis, does not die of the disease. But this monkey has to be obtained from Fort Hall.

One experiment (Glossina fusca) has been carried out to a successful issue, and an experiment with Glossing longipennis is still proceeding. Experiment (inter- rupted feeding) to show whether Glossina fusca can convey Trypanosomu gambiense from infected to clean monkey. In this experiment feeding the flies was carried out as in the experiments I have already reported with one point of difference. As before the flies were fed on arrival on the "fresh fly" monkey and after four days were divided into two series. Flies belonging to the first series were fed daily on the control monkey, the other flies were caught separately in test-tubes, which tubes were then covered with mosquito gauze. Each fly was then allowed to bite the "infected" monkey; when about half full of blood the test tube was removed and placed on the clean (experimental) monkey on which it was allowed to complete its meal.

During a period of 91 days, 51 flies were fed on both infected and experimental monkeys. On the 95th day a few trypanosomes were found in the finger blood of the experimental monkey. On the 97th day the monkey's temperature rose and typanosɔmata were found in numbers.

The fresh fly and control monkeys show no trypanosomata nor rise of tem- perature.

It appears from this experiment that the Glossina fusca is able to convey the Trypanosoma gambiense.

In this connection Professor Koch's results in German East Africa are of interest, for he has shown that Glossina fusca is largely concerned in the spread of fly disease amongst cattle, and also that the parasite developes in the fly. He has also shown that Glossina pallidipes conveys the parasite of cattle.

In a previous experiment I succeeded in infecting a "fresh fly" monkey by the bites of Glossina pallidipes. This fly is common along the Athi River, at Kibwezi, and in the Gosha Forest in Jubaland. It is probably the common fly of the coast belt. (?)

Glossina longipennis.-A 24 hours' interval experiment is proceeding, so far without result.

Glossina pallidipes.-Experiments with this fly were brought to an end by the death of the monkeys from piroplasmosis.

Parasites of Game.

In a previous report I described certain bodies found in the blood of game. These were divided into oval or crescentic bodies, some intra-corpuscular, some free, and bodies resembling spirilla. At the time I was of opinion that these two bodies had probably no connection with one another, but examination of blood smears from more animals has led me to change my opinion.

In May last. I received from Mr. Percival, Game Ranger, blood smears from bushbuck, shot by him near Ol Balassit Swamp. The smears had been taken from the heart's blood shortly after death. In this blood a few oval intra-corpus- cular Ladies were seen resembling those previously described. Some of the bodies closely resembled a malarial crescent showing the edge of the red cell stretched across the arc. They stained a deep purple blue and showed a few dark granules ( chromatin). Similar bodies were found showing no trace of the red cell.

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Larger bodies were found in which a deeply-stained purple' centre was sur- rounded by a pink zone. These bodies were either crescentic or oval. In some the pink zone was barely visible. A few of the smaller bodies and most of the larger ones showed one or two flagella usually protruding from the centre of the con- cavity. In the case of the larger bodies these flagella exactly resembled the spirilla already described.

Besides these bodies, numerous spirilla were found and a few bodies resembling the spirilla, but broader and apparently flatter, were seen. In some of the spirilla a break in the staining could be seen about the centre. In size the crescentie bodies vary from 4 mm. by i mm. to 9 mm. by 2 mm. The spirilla average about 12 mm.

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by '5 mm. The shortest measured was 9 mm., the longest 20 mm. Since these bodies were first seen in the bush-buck they have again been found in a Jackson's hartebeest. In another bush-buck the spirilla have been found, but not the cres- centic non-flagellated bodies.

In six animals, viz., Mpala, Coke's hartebeest, Grant's gazelle, Jackson's harte- beest, and two bush-buck, spirilla have now been found. In three of these the crescentic bodies have also been present and in two of these three there have been crescentic bodies either extruding or joining with the spirilla-like bodies.

Tick Fever (Spirillosis hominis).

Two cases of this disease came under my notice during the year. Both patients had contracted the disease in Uganda. From one case I infected monkeys and attempted transmission experiments with the ornithodoros, but in no case did I succeed in conveying the disease. It would seem either that, as Bonel and Marchoux have shown to be the case in the spirillosis of fowls, the spirochaetae do not develop in the tick, except at high temperatures, or that only those ticks are infective which are the offspring of infected parents.

I have not been able to find the ornithodoros in Nairobi, nor have I met with any

other cases of the disease. Professor Koch's discovery of the disease at Dar es Salam makes it probable that the disease will be found to exist on the coast line of this Protectorate.

Malaria.

Of the slides sent for examination the majority have been found to contain quartan parasites. This seems to be the commonest form of malaria round Nairobi and is found in the native as well as in the Indian. It is clear that the anopheles are infected and that these cases are not only relapses in people who have contracted the disease elsewhere. Two cases of tertian malaria have been seen and a number of cases of sub-tertian. The most marked infection of the latter was seen in blood slides from two white men who had contracted the disease between Kitui and Machakos.

Plague.

Thirty-three live rats have been sent for examination, but in no case were they found infected. During the year I have been to Kisumu, Nandi, and Mombasa to make bacteriological examinations of suspected cases of plague. At Nandi and Mombasa the disease was not plague.

Examinations have been made for ameeba dysenteriae, for tubercle, and for the gonococcus.

Recently smears from primary and secondary syphilitic lesions have been examined. In all cases the Spironema pallida has been found, sometimes alone, sometimes accompanied by the Spirochaeta refungens.

One case of trypanosomiasis has had the diagnosis confirmed by finding the parasite in the gland juice.

Three examinations of suspected blood stains have been made for the police. Water analysis has been carried out on three samples from Mazeras and six from Mombasa Ďistrict,

No. III.

SPIRILLUM FEVER (SO-CALLED TICK FEVER). By Dr. R. U. MOFFAT, C.M.G.

The name tick fever is, in my opinion, an unfortunate and unscientific one. The discase is certainly transmitted through a species of tick, but it is surely better to describe it by the name of the parasite which causes it.

It is possible and probable that there may be other diseases which are carried by ticks, and it does not appear to me at all certain that spirillum fever is one and the same as the "Tick Fever" of the older writers. If it is, the account given of the latter were quite inaccurate.

Sir Patrick Manson, in his book on tropical diseases, quotes various authors Dr. Livingstone, Sir John Kirk, and others in regard to this disease, and certainly

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