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Comparing Table I. with Table II. it will be seen that the incidence of the Spirochate pertenuis is practically constant in the eruptive elements both in man and in inoculated monkeys. In the monkeys I have experimented with, the eruption does not become general as in man; notwithstanding this, we must admit that in monkeys also, we have to do with a generalized infection as is proved by the presence of the Spirochete pertenuis in the spleen and lymphatic glands,

The Histo-Pathology of Experimental Yaws.

Monkey No. 4 (Mac. pil.).—In this monkey, 19 days after inoculation as already described, a small infiltrated spot appeared at the point of inoculation over the left eyebrow; the lesion became moist, the secretion drying into a thick crust and attaining the size of a sixpenny piece in about two weeks. Two months later, the first lesion being still present of the same size and with the same characters, four more papules appeared, two close to the first lesion and two just above the upper lip. These papules remained always of small dimension and disappeared within three months. It is possible that these four papules were due to auto-inoculation by scratching; it cannot be excluded, however, that they might represent a partial secondary eruption comparable to the general secondary eruption which appears in man; it must be remembered that though the skin lesions in experimental yaws- with the monkeys I have used-are generally localized at the point of inocula- tion, the infection is general, as is clearly proved by the presence of the Spirochete pertenuis in the spleen of the animals.

On the 1st June, 1906, the crust from the primary lesion was removed; from the raw elevated granulating surface a piece of tissue was cut, divided into small portions and fixed with various methods (alcohol, sublimate, &c.); then imbedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with various methods (Pappenheim's, &c.). The two papules which appeared above the upper lip were also removed and investigated by the same methods. The results of the histological examination are briefly the following:-

(I.) Primary Lesion.

(a) A well-marked proliferation of the interpapillary processes.

(b) A cellular infiltration consisting of: (1) numerous typical plasma cells, found diffusely with no definite arrangement; (2) some extravasated polymorphonuclear leucocytes; (3) small mononuclear leucocytes, connective tissue cells and a few mast cells. No true giant cells were observed. The fibrous stroma is very delicate and

scarce.

(II.) Papules removed from Lip.

Practically the same result, only the proliferation of the interpapillary pro- cesses is much less marked.

Comparing these results with those found by Macleod, Unna, Nicholls, and myself, in man; it would seem that the histological structure is practically the same in human yaws as well as in experimental yaws.

THE BORNET-GENGOU REACTION IN YAWS.

I have applied to yaws this reaction following the technique used in syphilis by Wassermann, Neisser, and Brück (see Deuts. Med. Woch., 10th May, 1906). As is well known, the principle of the reaction is this: when complement is mixed with the complex antigen + immune body, and afterwards some sensitized red cells are added, no hæmolysis takes place, as the complement has been already taken up by the complex antigen + immune body, and cannot, therefore, get fixed to the hæmolytic receptors.

If the complex antigen + immune body is absent, or only antigen or only immune body is present, then the complement will remain free, and on addition of the sensitized red cells, will get fixed to the hæmolytic receptors and hæmolysis will take place. From the absence or presence of hemolysis we can, therefore, detect the presence or absence of the complex antigen + immune body. As the following experiments prove, it is possible to demonstrate the existence of specifio yaws anti- bodies and antigen.

Experiment 1.

To the extract of non-ulcerated yaws papules, containing abundantly the Spiro- chate pertenuis, some serum (heated to 55 co.) is added, derived from a monkey

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