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Inoculation of monkeys with the splenic blood derived from a case of yaws. About 1cc of splenic blood was obtained by puncturing the spleen of a patient affected with a typical yaws. Films showed that the Spirochete pertenuis was present, though very rare. The splenic blood was inoculated in two monkeys of the genus macacus (mac pileatus) with the usual technique. Result positive in one monkey, a framboetic papule developing after an incubation period of 36 days; the result was negative in the other monkey.
Inoculation of monkeys with the cerebro-spinal fluid of yaws patients. 15th August, 1906.
Four monkeys (two Macacus pil. and two Semnopithecus priamus) were inoculated with cerebro spinal fluid derived from three different patients affected with yaws. The c-s fluid was in all the cases perfectly limpid; on centrifugation did not show any sediment, and the Spirochete pertenuis could not be found though it was present in the skin lesions of the same patients. Up to date (February 15th, 1907), four and a half months after inoculation, the result has been negative.
Inoculation of filtered yaw's virus. 14th September, 1906.
The scrapings from non-ulcerated human papules containing the Spirochete pertenuis in such abundance as is seldom the case, and no other germs which could be detected microscopically or by cultural methods, was mixed and well triturated with normal saline solution. Preparations made from this mixture showed many individuals of Spirochete pertenuis. Part of the mixture was then inoculated, with the usual technique, into two monkeys of the genus macacus (Mac. pileatus). The rest of the mixture was filtered through a Berkefeld filter (12a); preparations made from the filtrate did not show presence of the spirochate. The filtrate was inoculated into three monkeys of the same species (Mac. pil.) and one Semnopithecus priamus. Both monkeys inoculated with the unfiltered material developed one after 25 days, the other after 40 days, frambotic papules at the seat of inoculation, covered by a thick crust. Films made from the scrapings of the frambotic lesions of both monkeys contained the Spirochete pertenuis. The four monkeys inoculated with filtered material have not shown any eruptive element, either at the place of inoculation or in any other region of the body, though six months have elapsed since the inoculation. This experiment tends to prove that the Spirochate pertenuis is the true cause of yaws, as when it is removed from yaws material, the latter is no longer infective.
Inoculation of syphilis in monkeys previously inoculated with yaws. Monkey No. 4 (Mac. pil.). This monkey was successfully inoculated with yaws in February, 1906. On June 16th, 1906, the scraping from a primary sore of a syphilitic man was well rubbed in scarified spots on the prepuce of the monkey's penis. On the 26th day after inoculation a small vesicle surrounded by a reddish halo appeared. The vesicle broke, leaving an erosion surrounded by infiltrated tissue. The glands of both groins became enlarged and hard, and could be easily felt. No secondary eruption appeared, but, as shown by Metschnikoff and Roux, this is almost always the case when experimenting with monkeys of a low type.
Monkey No. 11 (Mac. cyn.), 21st August, 1906. Inoculated with yaws material on the left eyebrow: a framboetic papule developed on the 22nd September, 1906. Inoculated over the right eyebrow with syphilitic virus taken from a primary sore of a man, on the 30th November, 1906. After 42 days, a brownish papule developed surrounded by an infiltrated zone. The monkey still presents (15th February, 1907)
the framboetic lesion as well as the syphilitic sore; no secondary eruption has appeared.
Contemporary inoculation of yaws and syphilis.
Monkey No. 27 (Mac. pil.), 10th September, 1906. Inoculation with human yaws virus taken from a non-ulcerated papule, on the left eyebrow, and human syphilitic virus on the right eyebrow. The syphilitic material was taken from the primary sore of a man. After 32 days, the left eyebrow, inoculated with yaws, showed three small flattened papules which fused together into an elevated infiltrated mass the size of a pea, covered by a thick crust. The right eyebrow inoculated with syphilitic material, 39 days after inoculation, presented a tiny
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