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CONFIDENTIAL
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5. MANCHURIA.
After the Cairo Conference in December 1943, at
which President Roosevelt, Mr. Churchill and General
Chiang Kai-shek were present, a declaration was issued
stating inter alia that "all territories that Japan has
stolen from the Chinese such as Manchuria, Formosa and the
Pescadores shall be restored to the Republic of China".
The Yalta (Livadia) Agreement of 11th February, 1945,
providing for the entry of the Soviet Union into the war against Japan, contained provisions for the restoration
to the Soviet Union of "the former rights of Russia
violated by the treacherous attack of Japan in 1904", i.e.
in Manchuria. While stating that China should retain
full sovereignty in Manchuria, the agreement provided
for the internationalisation of Dairen as a commercial
port, for the lease of Port Arthur by the Soviet Union
as a naval base, and for the joint Sino-Soviet operation
of the former Chinese Eastern and South Manchuria
railways. China was not a party to the Yalta Agreement,
but these arrangements were confirmed and superseded, as
between the Soviet Union and China, by the Sino-Soviet
Treaty and annexed agreements of 14th August, 1945.
This Treaty confirmed Chinese sovereignty in Manchuria,
but besides providing for joint Sino-Soviet operation
for a period of 30 years of the "Chinese Changchun
Railway" (i.e. Chinese Eastern and South Manchuria
railways), leased to the Soviet Union for 30 years one
helf of all port works and installations at Dairen, and
agreed also for 30 years to the joint use by the two
countries of Port Arthur as a naval base, the defence
/of
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