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SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1931.
GENEVA ANXIETY.
ALARM LEST COUNCIL SHOULD ABDICATE.
PROBLEM OF MANCHURIA STILL CAUSING GRAVE CONCERN.
JAPAN'S REPLY SENT.
The atmosphere at Geneva is reported to have become ex- ceedingly tense, as Japan's reply on the latest issues raised has caused "a painful impression."
Further bombing by Japanese aeroplanes, with railways as the objective, is reported from Manchuria.
Anxiety amounting to alarm is felt lest the League Council carry out its intention virtually to abdicate over the Manchurian dispute.
The Chinese still maintain their viewpoint that the Japanese must withdraw their troops to the railway zone and agree to indemnify Chinese losses before negotiations can be commenced.
There is a growing belief in League circles, however, that the Council's committee is weakening in its treatment of the difficulty and is inclined to advise the Chinese to abandon their conditions.
This policy has produced very deplorable effects in League circles. If persisted in it is feared will have very disastrous effects on the coming disarmament conference and the League itself, which is facing the most serious crisis it has ever experienced.
PAINFUL IMPRESSION.
London, Oct. 22.
M. Briand, with a very grave The anxiety, almost alarm, felt face, descended the stairs first, lest the Council carry out its in- alone, on the way to his hotel, tention virtually to abdicate over where he will receive Mr. Yoshiza- the Manchurian dispute is re-wa. flected in the comment of the He told Reuter.—“We are not London morning papers.
through the wood yet."
Other members of the committee were equally preoccupied, and the atmosphere is tense almost to | breaking point. The Japanese reply has evidently created a very painful impression.
The News-Chronicle appeals to M. Briand and Lord Reading to remain at Geneva to avert the threatened calamity to the League. --Reuter.
TENSION INCREASED.
Gravity of Position Owing to Japan's Attitude.
NOT OUT OF THE WOOD.
Geneva, Oct. 22.
Dramatic Development. There was a sudden dramatic development in the situation &A the result of Mr. Yoshizawa's visit
to M. Briand, which lasted exactly twenty-five minutes.
On leaving, Mr. Yoshizawa told Reuter that the reply from Tokyo It is rumoured that the Japanese was incomplete, and some sections reply to M. Briand's proposals on of the communication had stil! to behalf of the Council is not be received. He might therefore altogether satisfactory. The com- consider it advisable to ask for an of this a:ternoon's mittee of five is now meeting to adjournment
consider it.
The reply arrived in the small hours of the morning, and the staff of the delegation stayed up all night long decoding it,
The final form of the resolution which will be presented at a full sitting of the Council proving dif- ficult to find, the conversations continued until a late hour last understood night, in which it is
the Secretary General of the League participated. Various modifications, it is believed, were suggested.
public sitting.
He then returned to his hotel to consult his colleagues.
On arriving for an interview at 11.55 Mr. Yoshizawa had told Reuter that the Japanese reply was "a little reassuring."-Reuter.
JAPANESE ACTION.
Strengthening Defences in Manchuria.
appears the Council
are still thankful to the French Govern- goods with the result that there awaiting the Japanese Govern- ment for the deep concern shown now are 10 businessmen confined ment's reply.
toward the development of events in the Temple of the Queen of in the North eastern Provinces of Heaven on North Honan Road. China since September 18 when
Nine of the merchants are from Japanese troops in defiance of In-
establishments in ternational Law, the Treaty for the Renunciation of War, and other
Eigin Road international agreements began their unprovoked attack on Shen- yang (Mukden) and other cities.
The Chinese attitude is un changed. Dr. Sze maintains the viewpoint of the Nanking Govern- ment that the Japanese must with- draw their troops to the railway zone and agree to pay an indemni- ty for Chinese losses as a result of the occupation, the amount of which shall be settled later, before commencing direct negotiations with Japan.
Serious Alarm.
piece-good provided the only victim from the Chapei. A shop on
Settlement.
During the last few days mer- chants held in the temple have been released on "fines." Une was $10,000. manded is $5,000.
The usual
payment of made to pay amount de-
China's Restraint. "Being desirous of strictly ad- hering to the understandings as sumed under international treaties, Later. particularly the Covenant of the A very serious view is taken of League of Nations, and the Treaty the situation in League circles for the Renunciation of War, China this evening. It is alleged that, has judiciously refrained from em- the Council's committee is weaken-ploying force to meet the military ing in its treatment of the dif- aggressions of Japan, and has been ficulty and it is said the commit- seeking at the very beginning a tee is inclined to advise the Chi- just and adequate settlement by nese to abandon their conditions pacific means. for direct negotiations, namely the previous withdrawal of the Japan- ese troops and the presence of neutrals to supervise the evacua- tion, and thus seemingly leave the Japanese to treat with the Chinese Government under the pressure of a military occupation.
This feeling has produced very deplorable effects in League cir- cles and it is feared that this ed to her legal as well as morai give information under fear of re- policy if persisted in will have a duty toward human civilization. very disastrous effect on the forth-
Geneva Hopes.
As both the chamber and the coming disarmament conference ""The Chinese Government sin- temple are in Chinese territory, the and the League itself, which is fac-cerely hopes that active efforts, Shanghai Municipal Police have ed with the most serious crisis it now in progress at Geneva to ar- not intervened, but are watching has ever experienced.
rive at a settlement of the pre- both buildings. Should any of the sent case in the interests of justice detained men be brought onto a and peace, will soon be
road, police action crowned municipal with success, which will be con-would follow. Shanghai Evening ducive to the well-being, not only Post. of China. but of the whole world.
Coolie Robs Japanese. "The Chinese Government will through its own efforts seek the A Shanghai riesha coolie burn- settlement of all questions of ing with the twin urges of patriot- whatever nature by peaceful means, ism and desire for the better and will give the Council of the things of this world killed two League of Nations every assis birds with one stone by attacking tance for devising a permanent and robbing Mr. Bunro Ando, system for ensuring effective ob- secretary to Mr. Yusuke Tsurumi, servance of this policy in future Japanese delegate to the Institute in the Far East". Sino News Ser-of Pacific Relations. vice.
As Mr. Ando was retarring to Right of Boycott.
his hotel during mid-morning, he Referring to the boycott in the was pulled into an alleyway near At a momentous meeting of the course of its Memorandum in reply Honan Road where the coolie first to the Japanese Memorandum of administered a beating and then Committee of Five (Britain,
Oct. 9, the Chinese Government, ac- relieved his victim of Yen 56 and France, Germany, Italy and Spain) cording to the Sino News Service, $200 in Chinese currency. Despite which lasted an hour and a half, makes the following declaration: his bruises, Mr. Ando was able to it was decided to hold a public
"It must therefore be matter make his way back to his hotel meeting of the Council to-morrow, of surprise to the world that popular and inform the police of the in- at which it is believed a resolu- indignation in China has limited cident. tion will be submitted, which will itself to the mere refusal to pur- not take the form which it was
chase Japanese goods. The free-
The merchants are given a pre- liminary trial in the office of the General Chamber of Commerce, which adjoins the temple, before being confined in the latter build- ing. In all cases the self-appoint- ed tribunal has found them guilty "We have therefore entrusted of dealing in Nipponese goods and our case unreservedly to the Lea- have been threatened with the gue of Nations. We absolutely re-destruction of their business if the ly upon the solemn engagements fines inflicted are not paid. contained the Treaty for the Re-
Protests to the authorities of nunciation of War, the Covenant Greater Shanghai have failed to of the League of Nations, and bring any relief to the merchants, other international agreements de-and in some cases the relatives of signed to maintain peace, in the the men detained have refused to belief that Japan will be awaken-
prisals.
Japanese Optimism. Contrasting with the pessimism prevailing at Geneva, Reuter was informed this evening that a more optimistic view prevails at the Japanese Embassy in London in regard to the Sino-Japanese dia- pute.
It was said there that there seems to be every sign of a settlement as both sides ap- pear to have made up their minds to bring about an arrangement. Everyone, it was added, seems to be doing his best with this object in view.
Momentous Meeting.
Later.
thought possible when the Council met a week ago.
It was then the general opinion that the Council would take a strong line.
The resolution to be submitted at to-morrow's meeting will urge Japan and China to find a mutual
settlement of their difficulties within a period which will, most probably, be indicated by some date set for the next meeting of the Council, which, it is under- stood, will be about the middle of November.
Awaiting Japan's Reply.
Later.
Despite the decisions taken to- night by the Committee of Five- which have caused so much ad- verse comment it
appears that everything to a certain extent will be subordinated to the Japanese Reply, which has not yet been re- ceived.
The tone of the Reply will directly influence the wording of the resolution to be submitted to the Council.
dem
choose one's purchases is
an individual right with which no government interferes, and, while it is the duty of every government to protect foreign nationals, it is bound neitr by any recognized standard o governance nor by any principle of International Law to prohibit or punish the exercise of an elemental right of citizenship. If there be any responsibility in the matter. it entirely lies with the Japanese Government, which has, by many acts of unfriendliness since
the Wanpaoshar incident, created this geneal nreiudice against Ja- panese merchandise.
CHINA UNITY.
Nanking and South To-
Manchuria. gether on
SPECIAL COMMITTEE.
Recent Disturbance.
A Chinese taken into custody on Saturday, October 10, for throwing a stone at a police officer during the disturbance in Yangtze- poo district, when arraigned be- fore the Special District Court received sentence of six months' imprisonment.
MANCHURIAN WAR.
Independent Movement
Defeated.
RUSSIAN DANGER.
Peking, Oct. 22. Retreating with several thou- sands of his followers, the Manchu independent leader, Chang Hai- peng, is falling back from Taonan to Hailar, near the Sino-Russian frontier.
Provincial
The Heilungkiang Shanghai, Oct. 22. Government has sent envoys to the The impression in French circles
Mr. Hu Han-min yesterday even-independent armies advising the Tokyo, Oct. 22.
late to-night was more favourable ing informed newspaper correspon opposing troops not to proceed to
earlier was
on. The It is learned that the Japanese than it
dents that after his conversations Hailar, as proximity to Russian China and Treaties. War Office has decided to despatch Japanese Reply which M. Briand with Mr. Wang Ching-wei and the military centres may lead to fur- The question was debated additional machine-guns and in-confidently hopes will be satis- Southern peace delegates, all the ther Sino-Russian complications. whether it was advisable to in-fantry guns to Manchuria, for the factory is expected by to-morrow envoys had come to a decision that troduce a clause whereby China purpose of increasing the defen-morning at latest.
a Special Committee should be would be asked to admit the sive power, as the Government is
The Committee of Five will sit validity of the existing treaties.
the Manchurian dispute. received) at 10.30 a.m. to-morrow
The coming peace conference will morning before submitting a re-elect this Committee before proceed solution to the public meeting of ing to consider political and the Council.
questions. Chinese Concern. Chinese quarters are very much concerned at the possibility that MR. CHU CHAO-HSIN. the Committee will recommend the Council to adjourn further, with-
averse to increasing the number again to consider the Reply (if organised to devote full attention to ment, Commander Ma Tsim-shan,
It is thought the resolution will (of troops.-Reuter. record the promise given by Japan
China's
under-
to withdraw her troops within the railway zone on taking to ensure the safety of
a
MORE BOMBING.
Japanese nationals; also that it Aeroplanes Said to Have will stress the necessity for
Attacked Railways. cessation of anti-Japanese agita- tion and a resumption of direct Sino-Japanese negotiations.
The
party
out having accomplished anything An Appointment by the
Nanking Government. more than the virtual repetition of the September decision.-Reu-
FAITH IN LEAGUE.
Peking, Oct. 22. Although the resolution will
of the Chinese director provide for an adjournment of the Chinese Eastern Railway has
ter. the Vice-Commandant's Council for three weeks, it is be-wired to lieved a proviso will be added to headquarters stating that Japanese the effect that the Council still aeroplanes yesterday morning drop- considers itself in permanent ped five bombs near Kwangchengtze, session in order that they could near the Changchun railway, but be again summoned urgently, did no damage. should the situation warrant.
Another Chinese telegram to Excitement was at fever heat headquaters states that Japanese here this morning, as it is felt aeroplanes dropped six bombs yes- that some definite development terday near Tahsing, on the must result from to-day's delibera- Taonan-Angangchi railway, but the tions. It was decided at the last damage has not been ascertained.- minute that the meeting of the Reuter. committee of five should be held
at the Secretariat, where it has
now contínued for already three
quarters of an hour.
GENEVA DELAY.
Weakening.
"DEPLORABLE EFFECTS.”
Mr. Yoshizawa has an appoint- League Committee Reported ment with M. Briand at 11.30. presumably to hand him officially the text the Japanese reply.
GRAVE DEVELOPMENT.
Japanese Reply Considered Unsatisfactory.
Later.
The Council considers
China's Reply to Powers Identic Notes.
POLICY OF PEACE.
Nanking, Oct. 21. The Waichiaopu despatched to day the following communication
The acting Chairman of the Heilungkiang Provincial Govern- who was responsible for the defeat of the Independents near Taonan, has telegraphed to Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang suggesting that the Nanking Foreign Office should lodge a strong protest against the supply of foreign arms and am- munition from one Manchuria's foreign neighbours to the Indepen- dents under Chang Hai-peng.
Commander Ma's telegram says that without the foreign imported
tions.
A telegram announcing the ap-arms and ammunition there would pointment of Mr. Chu Chao-hsin, have been no independent move- former Chinese Minister to Italy ment. He declares that the move- and vice-Minister of Foreign Af- ment was deliberately created to fairs of the Nanking Government, harm the prestige of the Central as one of the commissioners to Government in her foreign rela- serve on the Special Committee elected by the Nanking Govern- ment to administer foreign affairs and the Manchurian negotiations has been despatched from the Nan- king Central Political Council to a prominent Hongkong Chinese mer- chant, asking him to convey this
to the French, British, German, message of appointment to Mr. Norwegian, Jugo-Slavian, Italian, Chu Chao-hsin, who was in Hong- and Polish Governments in reply kong yesterday. to their identic notes calling atten- tion of both China and Japan to their obligations under the Kellogg Pact:
has
"The Chinese Government received from the French Govern- ment communication wherein the French Government invites the at- tention of the Chinese Government to the provisions for the renuncia- tion of war on August 27, 1928,
Geneva, Oct. 21. The Chinese delegation to the League Council are getting impa- tient at the prolonged delay in of- fering
solution to their griev- ances against Japan. the Dr. Alfred Sze, the principa and expresses the hope that both Japanese reply unsatisfactory. Chinese representative, called the Chinese and Japanese Govern- This fact transpired when the upon M. Briand this afternoon to ments will refrain from taking any committee broke up at 11.15, after ascertain the position reached and steps that might endanger the suc- sitting for an hour and a quarter, to emphasise that the Chinese are cess of the efforts already in pro- having decided that a public sit- anxious for a speedy settlement. gress to secure the peaceful set- ting of the Council should be held All Dr. Sze was able to get out tlement of the present situation in at 4 p.m. when the whole situation of M. Briand, however, was a China. will be made public.
statement to the effect that it "The Chinese Government feels
YOUNG MARSHAL.
Still Intends to Return to Mukden.
LUGGAGE MYSTERY.
to
Peking, Oct. 21. It is understood that Mr. Chu
Four hundred and seventeen Chao-hsin will be leaving for
effects Shanghai on the Empress of Rus-cases of household furniture and
belonging personal sia this morning.
Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang and his family, have arrived at Tongku from Dairen.
Ten
THE BOYCOTT.
Merchants Held in Shanghai Temple.
ONE PAYS $10,000 FINE.
Shanghai, Oct. 12.
The articles are alleged to have been sent without the authorisa- tion of the Young Marshal and it is suggested that the Japanese may have ordered their despatch to indicate their desire that he should remain away from Man- churia.
Officials here declare that Chang Hsueh-liang intends to return to The anti-Japanese boycott com- Mukden as soon as the status quo mittee over the week-end resumed has been restored, despite the its activities against merchants alleged feeling against his return. supposed to be dealing in Japanese -Reuter.