育教日三十月二十年辰戊嚮夏
1989中學會考預習專欄: 明德出版社 MILL & DALE PRESS
奉。作者首先通過陳氏的話指 比捕蛇的危險,可使人遊抻姓 命,蔣氏却像無觀於觀交、父 親的死因,仍繼續捕站的工作 *當作者提出,更役」,「復 賦」的意鏈特,却被酵兵拒絕 ,而且表情較之親及爾代都死
3信號:本體和比帶詞都不由
報日僑
五期星:日十二月一九八九一)年八十七國民華中( 36 )
1强调此的可怕,但永州人却爭
是仙女放下來的一片 亮結晶的覺繫。
2可以把話說得具體殘
3可以把话胞得翻精
一些
(四)時張:是把事寫得比實際東強 烈、更高、更集中的手 法口
例如:藕斷絲連。(偶断思
例如:一貶眼已是十年了。
菜邊自出西邊雨,道是
(三)比擬:是把物宮作人來求把
甲事物密作乙串物米 的一種修辭手法口
̇新進山,吞長江
無晴却有晴(怕之。
把物當作人來寫的斗, 擬人小宝
瀚捕蛇,從此可見賦奮的可怕; 3淡及蛇的危險時『若
甚感』,但至作者提出「更役」
、「復選」時,蔣氏却是“大戚 ,在然出」,從此可見属役的 可怕的
人更高,因為可以代賦,其 他的人却背牌轉流,死
於捕蛇時更爲悲城。原來是捕 (五)往淝文中某些詞彙的讚音和解釋。 乾爲生的人生存的機奋義其他 (乙)語文知識
修辭方式淺說(一)
中國語文(十七)
| 明德出版社
陳大爲
周淑嫻
提供資料
接着極寫怿克索赋的發,人 民族日安寧,每天活在痛苦危 跌中,而捕者却每年才冒險 兩次,相比之下,浦蛇之陸自 是不若酵歛的可怕 (三)会现而愈悲, ·夫
(一)發:兩個不同的事物之間。 有某種相似點,就用一 個事物給一事物打 比方,這種修辭方式叫 做比喻口
比喻一般包括三個部份
:
(甲)課文分析
捕蛇者說
柳宗元 主旨:借捕蛇者蔣氏的透過指出政背
的可怕,做成民生困苦,藉此抨擊 當時不合理的政治,並提出為政照 有輕薄薄的。
結構分析:全文共分三部份,闡釋如下:
(一)「永州之野...
奔走
」
黑人協者得焉。上 在這最後的部份,作者直接提 出論。先指出以阀對孔子个 咨政猛於虎」一語的懷疑現 在的肯定,强烈決示概盌暴歛 ̇的可怕,最後提出寫這篇文章 的原因,表達了希望您政者薄 賦松街,藏念民生的意願。
複習指導:
(一)兼解本文的作意。 (二)永州街頭的蛇有甚麼特色?爲基巒 蔣寧願繼續捕,而不願有所更 改1(須綜合全文整理要點。) )習以只體事的代抽象說理的手
這是至文的開始,作者藉以交 待永州人捕蛇的因由。但作者 却先寫種蛇的可怕,才繼續 推出續蛇的用處,也因這有 醫藥上的用途,而至「王命聚 之」,推以蛇代租稅,從這兒(三 便帶出了水入爲免納梃稅,撿 合捕味的現象,是暗點出賦匙| 氣見解。
《二》「有蔣氏者..................又安敢
耶?点
•
(全交大牛路辐寫具體事列,只在 末段才有少許攋論。但通過爐具體 的事例,讀者對背政重稅的民瞭 然於心,無須作者再加解釋中速, 印象已明晰非
追部份主要是海邊捕蛇者氏 的電話,直接提示賦藩甚於蛇 (四)了解用烘托,對比手法的好感。
1989 中學會考預習專欄 明德出版社
POPULATION
MILL & DALE PRESS
Economics (17):
Alain Li
The size of population. affects the of labour force.
In other words, it can affect productive capacity of an economy.
Factors affecting the population size: There are 4 factors affecting the population size:
(1) Birth rate
Birth rate is the umber of livew
1989 中學會考預習專欄
明道出版社
MILE & DALE PRESS.
Chemistry (17).
Unit 5: Continued
6.
Rate: of Electrolysis.
*R*Chu
The rate of electrolysis depends. mainly on the rate of electron flow (the magnitude of the current) and the rate of ton flow in the electrolyte. Thus, the rate of electrolysis will be increased by: a) using a larger e.m.f.
or a
smaller resistance. 10 the "external circuit,
b) placing the electrodes nearer to
each other;
c) using electrodes with larger
surface 'aren
d) using а more.. concentrated
solution of the electrolyte.
7. Calculations on Electrolysis
7.1 0-1xt
Qis the quántity of electricity in coulombs(C)
is " the electric current in amperes(A).
t is the time in seconds(s) of which the current has been passed.
7.2 A faraday(F) denotes the quantity
:of electricity carnied by one mole
of electrons.
1F 96500C.
7.3. Faraday's
atan
Law
of
First (Electrolysiss the mass of an element dissolved off, or liberated
electrode
during electrolysis 13 directly proportional to the quantity af electricity passed through the electrolyte.
Example 1
If a current of 3A is passed for 12.
mia: throught fused
bromide, what will
tead be deposited?.
Solution
3x(60x12)
Q = Ixt = 96500
0.224 F
A of Pb 207:
+ 2e→ PD
想
Tead(11)
of
mass
本體〔被比的事物)。 嘟體C作用的事物)。 比喻詞(表示比喻關係:
根據本體、让益詞的出現與否
,此時可分三種: 1明喻:又稱為風味,是本體
·喻體和比喻詞都出: 現的比嗽。
2 暗喻:又稱為陽營,它是只 出現本體和喻體不 用比驗詞的出口
現,直接把鹽豬當作 本體來叙述的比物。 例如:茂密的枝葉迷問酒下
站點黃金”
僅用比喻的優點: 1可以人們熟悉的事物去說 與人們還不熟悉的事物,讓 -人們繞於理解,易於接受; 2可以用具體的事物去能檢比
較抽象的事物,增加語言的 形象性,並且能使演習產生 粉机;
3可以突出物某一方面的特
性,旗课讀者的印象。 《二》借代:不多說出所表達的 人或事物,而借用與他 (它)有密切相關的人 或事物來代替,逗租方 式門借代。用以代替木 雞事物的,通常有以下 接種方式:
1借本體事物的突出特
颜代超本...
把甲要物當作乙事物來
叫『槪物』。
()擁入:把人以外的帶物當作
例如:太陽向我們伸出無情
的手,風向我們打 呼。路旁的機樑老攤, ・補們的組然的解释 一身濃綠,對辦的 、花枝發出锤憫的职突
2微物:有兩種形式:
他在大發您。
運用的报的優點:
能突出事物的特性,表選人物 強想的想想感情,給人以鮮明 而深刻的印象!
(五)反证:反語就是謝以話。也就 是默而上德山來的距和 课缀尝设的翻拍反。 例如:你能夠堅持不承認自己 的海失,眞有男氣,我 非常應服。
您的政治理論算了不起 ,在我們的國父與丁福 ,看来我們倒該術你作 TRAJTI
阿Q!光前閎』,見證
̇高,而且眞能撥」,
本來幾乎是一個「完人 JT.
四周棉花———←) 不上
二批(期)。
運用雙豬的優點:
3維合鑒曲折地表達思思;
2可無語言的生動性。 (七)對偶:對是兩個句子相對, 湖示相反、相似或相關 的的意思。所調相對, 有對和寬對的分別, 嚴對要求兩句字 亭 ・結構相同,同性相對 *平汇相等,沒有重複 的字;但寬對却只要求 兩句成對,結體大體程 同,字數相等儒可以了 ,使些時候,甚至其中 一句多了一兩個曲宇也. 接受的。
例如:地拆天崩山松海位。 感時花残误,但别烏驚 心。(眼對)
物來寫,例如: 国在吼。
運用授語的優點: 運用民認,多能帶出一定的誠 刺激果,能祀無價值的,不合 理的,或錯誤的東西部最後入
運用反語應注意的地方: 1在反面的諷刺之餘,可以再 你正面的揭露,使反语的意
2用一段司器或符號暗示是 反語。如把蝠加引號;或 如例一的指明那是不承認過
江上之治風,山間之明 A.
納而變穴兵。(對) 運用對偶的優點: 1起來;
̇救星帶戶口
例如:月的純淨、柔軟、我 中、如一張瞧着的美 人的臉。
2借用水疆事物有密切 -渤關係的具體事物代
本體。
我登褐色的厚墨,似 爐邊堆職的約片。
連偕本體事物有代表性
的部分代替本耀
我們密扣苦!個下去
ដ
例如:黃河是一條寬而情的
長帶長,小清河是一
條條的頭繩,大明湖
若稻果代替本體。 例如:何以解憂,從有杜。 謝謝集 錦鱗游泳。 知否,知否應是綠肥 紅瘦。
天上的星兒細奶欲 #
運用比擬的優點:
運用代優點: 2可以把話說得高於變
住一些;
3使語言形象化,渐敞文前的 生動性,喚起人的聯想。 2便於行發感嗨,加強必登的
熊染力。
2晚起來易上口;
(六)雙關:利用詞辭的說雜的關 係面上飄道,澳
3刷起來經說耳:
Malthusian Population Theory
According to the Malthusian Population Theory. population ...tends
to
grow ·geometrically. while production
food
(3) Unemployment.
to
grow
births for every 1,00D persons. of the population. The decline in birth rate in most countries may be cwing to successful birth control. The declining birth rate: gay decrease the population size.
(2) Death rate
Death rate is the number of deaths for every 1,000 persons of the
population. The decline in weath rate nowadays may be mainly owing to advances in medicine and impr6vtments in public health. The declining death rate may increase
(3)amigration
Immigration is the
act. of Foreigner coming to a country to "settlex: there. 1mmigration : may:
crease the population size.
-{4} Emigration.
Emigration is the act of leaving one's own country to settle in another country. Emigration may decrease the population size..
mass of Pb deposited
207.20.
:0.224
23.18 g
kxample 2..
How long has a current of SA been passed when 672 cm) of qxygen, measured at s.t.p., is obtained at the apode during the electrolysis of di jute sulphuric acid? Solution
Molar volume or gas 18 22.4 dm3. 401-48
4F
(4X96500)0
s.t.D.
irol
22.40m3 at s.tipi 0.672d2
at s.t.p. 0.672
Q = (4×95500) × 22.4-
7.4 Faraday's
115800
11580
38.6 min
Second
of
点 Electrolysis: the number of motes of the different elements.dissolved off or deposited by the: same quantity of electricity inversely proportional to charges on their respective tons. For example, since the charges on.
is the
are
Cu2+ and Agtions respectively are in the ratio 2:1, so, the sanie. quantity: of electricity would deposit Cu and Ag in the mole ratic of 1:2. Example 3
The same amount of electricity. Jeposits: 1.905g of coiper and 1.04g of a metal X respectively. What is the tonic charge on X? (A,
of X is 52.
Solution
Let x have an tonic charge of
1.905 n(Cu) deposited =
63.5
1.04
=: 0.03 mol
n(y) deposited = 1;84 = 0.02 mdi
52
..
Faraday's 2nd Law of.
electrolysis, we have
n(Cu)deposited ionic charge.cn x
honic charge' on Cuff. 0.03.
n(Y) deposited
1.8. 0202
tends ärithmetically. This wit result in 'averpopulation? and poverty- and starvation will be inevitable.
The Maltusing Pouiation Theory a(4) proved wond, because it under
estimates Soth the effect of technologs and science in raising productivity and the effects of economic aus sexgal changes on the birth rate.
Disadvantages of a growing population
growing population may have disadvantages:
A
(1) Contracted capital formation
4
A growing population requires more expenditure and so less. money..can formation De saved for capita' which is important for economic progress.
(2):Growing pressure on resources
Natural resources are by nature Dimited. The Law of diminishing retures will operate as more and
10
Question 9.1 (a) Classify. the following
substances. into conductors, electrolytes and non-electrolytes.. A: potassium bromide
B: sugar
C: aqueous sulphur dioxide solution 0: graphite
E: hydrochloric acid
F: iodine crystal:
C: ethanol (CH-CH_CH2OHY
H: tetrachloromethane (CCÌg)
1: sulphur.
3:Liguid ammonia
Battery Rheostat.
Bulb
store. Labour from population grow is
ttierTM combined.
limited .with production factors.
A growing population makes it more difficult for full employment to be achieved.
Social problems
growing population may cause or aggravate pollution, traffic Congestion, overcrowdedness and other environmental problems. The scalal . and psychological tension may also lead to an increased crime rate..
Advantages of a growing population A growing population may advantages:
(1) Larger markets.
A growing populations play des
forgood and Yarger', market services which serves to stimulate. investment and economic activity.
(2) Economies of scale
Established Industries may enjoy. economies.
scate and
electrode P.
of
new
(b) ilence, or otherwise, indicatoransch of the terminals A and B is the positiva pole of the battery
(c) What is the gas collected over t
electrode Q?
the
Write the ionic equation of its formation..
(d) What is the magnitude of
current passed?
the
(e) What would.
S?
at the electrode
lote equation of the
Give Crie i isactiontr
(f) Would there be any change in the colour intensity of the copper (11) sulphate solution during. the : electrolysis? Explain briefly. (g) What effect' would each
of the following changes have on the rate of electrolysis?
Beaker
(1) Using a Sitalier electric current.
Scutum chloride-
crystals
i
(1) In the above set-up the bulb does.
not light up at first; however when water is added into the beaker, the bulb begins to light
up,
(1) What are the composing units of sodium chloride?
(2) Give a brief explanatim of the observation.
(11)ow could you make the bulb light
tip without adding water7
(Question.9.2
The cincuit below is for carrying out Jelectrolysis on 5 pp sodium chloride solution, using carbon electrodes; ard 5 M copper(II) sulphate solution, using copper electrodes. A few drops of phenolphthalein had been added to the sodium chloride solution. When a steady direct current was passed for 6 min. 265, the gas
over collected
the electrode P occupied 22.1 cm2; measured at s.tip.. and the solution around the electrode P turned pink.
5 M sodium
R
chloride
solution
+
prendiphthis- letn
sulphate solution
*Rheostat Battery
(a) Give a brief explanation of the pink colour observed around the
(ii) lacing the electrodes & and 5 closer to each other.
(h) If the copper electrodes R and '$ are replaced by two platinum electrodes M and 8 respectively, (1) What would be discharged at the electrode N?
Give the ionic equation of the réaction.
(ii) Mention two changes of the copper(4) sulphate solution during the electrolysis.
Explain briefly,
Solution to Q.9.1 (a) Conductors:-0. FB Electrolytes. A, C, E.J.
Non-electrolytes: 3. F.HI, J.
(b) (i):
(1) Sodium chloride is composed of sodiuin, funs (Ma and chloride jons (C1).
(2) In solid state, the ions are not mobile, so sodium chloride does not conduct electricity and the bulb does not light up. In water,.
the ions of chloride 'are dissociated. becomes mobile, so, there is ጓ electric: current flowing and the .bulb begins to light up:
sodium
(ii) Heat to melt the crystals, In molten slate, the tons also become mobile and conduct electricity.
Solution to:(09.2
(a) Phenolphthalein turns pink due to
the presence of the hydroxide tons.
2nol 1mol
2F
207g:
:0.224F ?9
效廣法刊明香三一本
刊告律登令港月九報,力廣廳讀印柯必社必學必家必工 物之性有指政三三逞强告大者刷式有團讀生備庭覽商
有質關定府日叁在
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(4)方便記憶。
industries may emerge in response
the
of a needs
to
.... population.
(3) Supply of labour.
carger
A growing population provides the
Jabour necessary.
force for exuanding economy.
(4) Feasibility of
' projects
infrastructure
Because of a growing population, many infrastructure projects such as public transport, hydroelectric dams and higher education become More feasible and economical.
Underpopulation and Optimum Population The disadvantages and advantages of a the declining :population are just. opposite of those associated with... a growing population, Focussing on the disadvantages, a declining population can be :regarded as underpopulation. In between overpulation. and underpopulation, there may be 'optimu population which is defined as that population which, given the existing: technology and capital stock, yields the highest per capital real income of output-
10H"} The continual discharge af H(aq) at the electrode P shifts the equilibriui.
H*(aq)+OH(aq) to the right, thu:: leaving behind: excess of ions
tura
an
then
which phenolphthalein pink, (b) B is the positive pole. Since
H(aq) is discharged at electrode P so, the electrode P must be the: cathode and the electrode Q the anode.
(c) Chlorine gas..
[201 (aq) →→→→C12(g) + 22°
(d) Molar volume of gas at s.tip.
= 22.4 dm3
Ze H
2mot 1mol
2F 22.4cm at S.l.p.
22.4cm? at 5.t.p.
22.4
* Q = {2 x
22400
9x96500€
= 1930
0.
193
= 0.5A
6x60+26
ww
(e). Copper is dissolved off at the
electrode S.
Cu2+(aq) →→Cu(s) + 2a"
(f) No.
amount of at
Ris
The. deposited
electrode replaced by the same GMMount of
· Cu2*(aq) formed at the electrode S. The: concentration of Cu2+(aq) remains unchanged, so, there is no change:in its ccTour intensity. (g) (i) The rate is cecreased.
(ii) The rate is increased. (h) (1) Oxygen gas.
40H(aq)-
(11) (1) (aq) →2H20(2)+02(g)+28′′
of
blue colour CuSO4(aq) fades off due to the deposition of Cu2+(aq) at
electrode M.
(2) The pH of the solution decreases because the discharge. OH(aq) at electrode N shifts the equitibrium.
of
H(aq)+OH(aq) to the right. leaving behind an
excess of
H(aq), so, it becomes more acidic.
全經包專新歷六一創 儒濟羅刊聞史月九刊 稱報萬豐翔悠五二在 許導有當實久日五於
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