十七國民華中
讀看來函
個人達遇,社會問題·路見不平:歡迎投訴
來個
講邉
來函請附眞實姓名:地址電話繕寫清楚
ī整絛駛考試路棧』
決,而又將經已縮短了
{的輪候考人數光路
再次銘短-誰會
|夠的臨場路面技術考驗
*非善笵•考生沒意 有影响」?安苗助長, 對考生的質素絕對不會
「
類廣告
四個小字卅四個:
天二十
元
六帝呎官當 9近新地消
拾二塘码,2地裝向職
細字
{大字四雄,小字
本段分類廣告歡
四個宏爲一個位,
各界來稿惠券,每段
|自讓洋樓觳 寫字樓分租|新套房租購港大畢業
海天教三十元,地下廠舖騙 靚細房縹躪 課室平租| 沙田補習
·多出宇難按一個位
不折不扣:上期数升、 射計算,長期照計,
字如超過一個位:即
18193829,高雅租平范3-7713189 | 電力:663308 八一六一八九六拾
甫上与综
正房 樓
记性裡面撒 全邊
128028 3535
* |英語小組
去 太子道143長榮山/T B
恒生銀行上3-819952
3. 964/FA 屈代圖書┣3-686720
吾 笑笑小氣早午
護老鄰永
木佳,環「靜樂 -
足、光金、合交: 下圍,勝食好,闻甄街.
肉類: 老
£Ã小時護理、 落健肤
307.19
羅院
失物待領
88年12月19日早上11時
30分左右在機場離境室
海外幣。
雪如失主須勇警署聯絡.
拳,電話為3-7E?L 14456
清潔打臘
乾洗地氈
i室內裝修 聯安5)44:4221
【公司5441615
3980
超籤
民團
全程火車
280
加價
旅行團
專業包醫
水旅遊
育日五初月二十年辰戊夏
1989 中學會考預習專欄
明德出版社
MILL & DALE PRESS
Economics (16)
THE FLOW OF GOODS
Alain Li
Goods normally pass through. 2. stages
before reaching the final cofstimes.. These 2 stages are (1) wholesaling and
(2). retailing.
The functions of a wholesaler.
A wholesaler may have the following functions.
(1) Bulk-breaking.
He buys in bulk and sells in small quantities to each retailer. Thus, he enable retailers to stock a wide fange of goods..
(2) Financing
asually retailers.
{3} Price stabilization:
credit:
to
His warehousing facilities, enable hini-to buyin times of plentiful supply in anticipation of sales in
報日僑
'tires on'stinrtages, thus helping fu
maintain price stability:
(4) Warehousing
He saves
四期星:日二十月一(九八九一)年八十七國民華中 (16)
fur the
producens
trom
retailers, helping to maintais.
supply and to improve quality.
:The functions of a retailer the producers and the retailers. the trouble of holding large stocks.
(5). Economy
he
By acting as a micdleman between
3id retailers. producers minimizes the costs of transport and communication.
(6)Information:
le collects consoner
information.
A retailer may have the following functions: (1)Link between consumer and producer
He provides a wice range of goods. and convenient places, time and i methods for purchases to consumers.. (2) Anticipating consumer demand
the information about consumer wants, he can take the risk of buying goods in advance or
sales..
(3) Storage)
He bears the costs of storage" of: gocds: and the risk Of their.. deterioration and damage. This saves consumers: the trouble of sloring large stocks of goods ab home.
(4) Grading, packing and sorting
Buying, jn/Targe quantities and selling small quantities end. selling in small quantities may sometimes involve, him in grading, packing or sorting commodities.
1989 中學會考預習專欄
明酒出版社
MILL & DALE PRESS
Chemistry (16)
Mechanism of Electrolysis.
2.1 when an electrolyte is usa OF dissolved in water, the resulting. liquid would consist of mobile icns, moving constancly brit randonly if the licaid.
2.2. The diagram below is a schematic
set-up
for carrying
ei actrolysis
electrolyte,
In the Exional Circul
Aprater
C
eloci: 11 1
24 to 4
Unit9: Revision notes on Électrolysis
1. Some Basic Terms
A
can
conductor is a substance which
-conduct electricity,
Regi
metals, graphite, etc.
1.2 An insulator (non-conductor) is .
substance
cannot conduct
which
electricity. e.g. non-metals, covalent
1.3 Ampounds, etc.
conductor of electricity allows free electrons to pass: tirough: readily without itself undergcing any chemical charges.
1.4. An electrolyte is a compound: which.. when fused (mcltei) or dissolved in: water, conducts electricity and is at the same time decomposed, e.g., Tonic compounds and the covalent: compounds. that ionize in water such as HE1.
1.5 4 non-electrolyte is a compound which does not conduct electricity in any state or when dissolved ja
2.g. most COVALC
water,
compounds.:
1.6 Electrolysis is the decomposition of an electrolyte, in the molten
aqueous solution, by: electricity through it.
state
1.7 A voltameter or an electrolytic cell is a device in whichas the electrolysis of a substance is to be carried out.
1.8 An
electrode
conductor
usually a metal or a graphite rod, where electrons enter or leave the electrolyte during electrolysis,
1.9 An anode is the electrode at: which electrons leave the electrolyte. It is connected to the positive. terminal of the power supply or. aattery:
1.10n cathode is the electrode at which
electrons enter the electrolyte. It
is connected to the negative
terminal of the power supply or
battery:
horgment of free
作品
Within the locclyt Band:etles of
efectely to com
下
Pirac+Fox-o!
Alestroi fler
cut
simple.
Holten szectroly consisting at
the key is closed, the electrons begin to flow from the ancde to the cathode through the [external circuita As a result, the
cathode becomes negatively charged. due to an accumilation of electrons there white the
being deprived of electrons. becomes positively charged, However, witain the molten electrolyte,.. tha Lovsitively-charged ions,, ere 'attracted to the cathode and the
negatively-charged ions are attracted to the anode. That is
the positively-charged ions are called me
门 the cations megatively-charged
ions are the
When the ions reach the electrodes).
chemical changes take place.
At the cathode, each cation gains
electron from it and becomes at neutral atom for radical again.. Thus, the reaction at the cathode is a reduction reaction.
-X
s the anode, cach anion, loses, its extra electron to the anode and also becomes a neutral atom (or radical) again,
Irus, the reaction at the anode is an oxidation reaction,
This giving of electrons to tag cations by the cathode and tie Taking of electrons from the anions. by the anode keep the::current flowing in the circuit. The atoms for radicals) discharged at each #ectroco may combine with опе aroffer to give the more stable Forns.
2.3 An electrolytic process.
Mequivalent to a Fédoyfence
volying a transfer s electrons. from the anions. tc the cations.
旅遊介紹 專欄廣告
3. Factors effecting discharge of ions
selective
When there are more than one types: of cations or anions in ..a voltameter, usually one of them s preferentially discharged. Such. selection of ions for discharge. depenus mainly on the following. three factors.:
(a) Relative positions of the ions in the Electrochemical Series: (E.C.S.)
In general, the lower the position of a cation is in the. Electrochemical Series, the more readily it is discharged at the cathode: but, the higher the position of an anion is, the more easily discharged at.. the: anode. reverse Is also true.
Sunmars of Results of electrolysis on Several Typical: clectrolytes.
it
is
Grchite
The
Some of the common funs cro listed below according to their relative ease of discharge at The electrodes...if all the other factors are the same, an ion will be discharged from the solution in preference to those
bave it in the list.
Cat.ions.
FaRx
(H)
Increasing ease of dischunge
Anions
SO
NO3
(b) Relative concentrations of the
ions An ien
at
higher concentration is more readily; discharged Lian one at a Tower concentration. Sometimes, the concentration effect
50
great that it may reverse. the order of preferential discharge as indicated in the. F..S.. e.g. in electrolysing-conc. NaCl(aq), the chloride ions (CF7), are discharged in the hydroxide preference,
ions IOH though OH is above C1 inthe E.G.S..
(c) Mature of electrodes.
The nature of the electrodes may sometimes affect the choice of the icas for discharge and - hence the
of products electrolysis. For example, H2
is obtained at the cathode if electrolying di NaCl(aq) using.
· platinum electrode, hut Nas obtained
目 using
mercury
cathode because Na discharged
combines st arce with mercury tuffon the sodium amalgan
a celhosp
roge
Luid igrus bebis?
ron'u trest
Beware
Søg
Cxygen
Volume rette
Mig 2:1,
Gothose, bus
decreases af modi
jolume ratio of
Op-21,
StarBesali anuge Tone Patla of
My Out enem Kathew, but
correrses of angue.
Logilinko
estor the
Culs
207 macaites
Corner 1
Jitrosity p
| 5. Applications of Electralysis in
Iridustry:
5.1 Electrolysis.
is an important technique and has wide applications in industry. Some, important examples are listed below.
{a) Extraction of reactive inetals such as Na from molten NaCl, AT
of
(b) Purification (refinery)
copper, Icad. (c) Beveroplating (d). Manufacturing of Ma04, C1, and HCl(aq) by ele-trolysing brine solution.
(e) Anodising-elum heChi-
5.2 Purification of
Pute copdar sheet as the cathodo
Saturated CuSO4(aq)
anode, Cu dissol,
leaning impurities. Cu(s)→Cu4*(a訟)+26
At cathode Gue 25. Cu.
Cuis
Impute
to
FS deposited
Thus pure copper is obtained on The cathode.
5.3 tElectroplating.
The object to be electro-plated is made the cathode,
storation camales
| My My
concentrat on or byronlurin cold
The metals coat the nbject:
ade" the anode.
The 'electrolyte used is a saturateck
·solution"
containing.
The
corresponding metal ionsu
The purpose of this process mainly to improve the appearance and prevent corrosion.
is
5.4 Electrolysis of Brine solution
At. graphite anode::
201 ̄(aq) -->C)2(g) +2e-
At mercury cathode
wa*(aq) + → NJ (f)
心
Na(1)+Hg() )→Na/Hg(2) amalgam When Na/Hg amalgam is run into water, Naon( an ) and Ho gas are formed.
Na/Hg(2)+2H20 (£) →→→ NJUH(aq) +H2(9)
Hand C1 combines
hydrogen chloride (HCI),
5.5 Anndising aluminium
tp give
This is to increase the A1,0, Tayer
on the Al metal surface so as to protect the metal.
The Al metal sheet is made the anode..
The electrolyte commonly used.
dil Ha
At the anode:
401 tag7-2420(%)2(g}+4
30g(g)+2A1.(s) 47.
A1203(3)
方便讀者選擇旅遊
博覽旅遊泰國•清邁·布吉島 泰星馬·星馬•泰星 日本·韓國 台灣
旅行社牌照
*行程種類全港最多*
2)
*獨家安排蒙古烤肉
*台北住最高級之統一大飯店
台北四天 由$6390 由$6490起
$2550 環島阿里山六天$320 台北花蓮四天$2650 環島阿里山七天 $3590 台北花蓮五天 $2890 珴島阿里山八天$3890
*早機去,晚機返。
*純粹旅行團,不是帶貨團。 天天出發(回程可停留台北)台釐收100元
澳門、中山
澳門兩天超值 【豪華團 天天出版 $320元 澳門兩天遊(連中山) $430起 酒店+船票+接送 $280
天天出發
高級四天、五天、六、七天由2190起 宿霧 五天七天 由 2640起 多增遊:(1)碧桃灣,大宮郡、百島嶼
(2‘紅镪坊夜總會 (3)餐購於中國城酒家 尼拉住六星之巴拉沙,碧瑶住凱悅
乘搭國泰,上午十時出發,下午十時返港
天天出發,可延期返港
星晨旅遊
菲律賓、宿霧
|布吉島、華欣七岩七天
5:4090
清邁、曼谷、布吉島九天
$4590
泰星九天 有限公司 華欣七岩東芭四、五、七天 由$2750起 馬星(檳城、馬六甲]寨九天
̇$5590 瀨戶大橋、四國、本州(海、陸、空七天 $5990 多增:(一秀姑巒溪二台東三核港
$5590 本州五天、六天、七天 由$4790起 清邁、金三角、曼谷四、六、七天由$2990起馬、泰(布吉島)、星八天
$5290 九州本州廸士尼聯遊 ̇ 布吉島四、五、七夫 由$3220起 馬星(檳城、馬六甲)六天 $4390 東北日光廸士尼 ̇ㄗㄗㄤ
馬(檳城、怡保、邦喀島)七天 $4630 東北、北海道廸士尼七天 馬來亞檳城、怡保、邦喀島)六天$37501日本北海道支支
由$6796起
(四)木柵動物園(五孔雀園 (六九族文化村:
由$5590起
【泰星六天
菲泰聯游七天 三多增遞:(1)還腦人工海渢團
布吉島住宿兩晚或三晚新行程、任君選擇 乘搭國泰、泰航、天天出發可延期返港)
$3590
新加坡四天、五天
$4690 韓國本州廸士尼八天 由$3560 韓國九州八天
$6390
* $6690
乘國泰、馬航、星航、早去晚返 韓國溫陽四天、五天(包單房 由 $:3490起 逢星期一、二、三、四、五、六出發 天天出發,回程可停東京、大阪或台北
宋宋出黎
菲律賓、碧桃源、宿霧 馬尼拉、番桃源、碧瑤 七天豪華團 $2750
馬尼拉、碧桃源五天 豪華
曼谷、芭堤雅、布吉島 菲泰七天豪華團 逢六出發:
$3590
馬星泰、邦咯島 馬星(檳城、邦咯岛) 七天豪華團
北京
桂林、江南、海南島˞福建
出
$2390
馬尼拉、宿霧五天:
| 布吉島四天豪華團
逢一出發
$3390
布吉島、曼谷、芭堤雅 豪華團: $2750 | 六七、八天豪華團
天天出發! $3700起
馬尼拉、宿藕(碧濤灣) 七天豪華團 $3150 曼谷、芭堤雅五、七天
天天出發! $3050起
遼一、二、六、日出發:$4690 馬星菲九天豪華團 「直航團
$.3990 ̇逢二、四、六出發:$5590 天天出發,
馬星布吉島八天: 北京香格里拉五五豪華 豪華團冰五出發 $5290 直航團
逢六出發 $3690 星馬布吉島八天 豪華團五出發 $5350||北京、承德、天津
八天直航團 逢二出發
北京六天豪華直航團 【天天出發。 $3390
北京香格里拉六天豪華
三啓業:澳門南灣街73-75號時代霸業中心1303室 TEL 339122
牌照編號350018
銀槽分行現已啟業
桂林、陽朔五天豪華 直航團天天出發 $1790 江南七天豪華直航團 逢三、四、五出發 $ 3090 |西安、洛陽、鄭州八天 豪華直航團 $3290 西安、北京六天高級 中山、珠海兩天遊 直航團務-日發貨 $4890 海南島五天直航團 送一、三、五出發 $1790 昆明、石林五天豪華 $3590 直航團 $2090
田 塘開源道68號觀禮廣場一樓136及14|室 3412004線)
出
天天出發,
$308起
東方公主號南中國海 兩天遊
$498,
東方公主號海南島 三天遊
866 $