F
七十七國民華中
育教 日七初月一十年辰戊曆夏
作樹真
2.
Prices of related goods When two goods are in joint supply,
緻别
報日僑華
四期星 日五十月二十八八九一)年七十七國民華中 30 )
Price
Quantity
A change in the sepaly is 1lustrated
by the shift of the supply curve. When supply increases, the supply curve wil!
shift to the right. And when supply
55
1989 中學會考預習專機 明德出版社
MILL & DALE PRESS
Economics (12)
Alain Li
SUPPLY
in
economics,
is relationship between the price of good and the quantity produced.
Supply
the
}
There are 4 factors affecting supply: 1. Price of the good
Normally, when the price of a gooe able to increases. peuple are produce more. Conversely, when the price decreases. people WILL produce less.
cause an
a rise in the price of one good will
in the increase supply of another good, But if two goods are a competitive supply, a rise in the price of one good will cause decrease in the supply of another.
3. Cost of pruduction
Technology, prices of production Factors, goverment's taxation and subsidization can affect the cost of production, when the cost of production decreases. the supply will increases.
4. Number of producers
When there are more producers, the supply will increase.
SUPPLY AND QUANTITY SUPPLIED
to the entire
While supply refers relationship between an array of prices and the quantities produced. 'quantity
vafers supplied Quantity produced price.
To
at
d
particular
particular
ال
Statistically, the supply or a good may be shown by a supply schedule as in Table 12.1.
the
Tablc 12.1
Graphically, the supply of a good can be illustrated by a supply curve wine i
quantity supp1led can Dve illustrated by a particular point on the demand curve. Say of the price is On the 34, the corresponding point
indicate that the supply curve will quantity supplied is 5. Fig. refers
Fig. 12.1
12.1
香香水。它與衆不同的 消酬酢還是參加體會! 透綠吞蔚和鲜柑橘的妖,包浆是一五OM L案 阿敬政,作用温和。
「分献唱名曲,在美妙樂 镧府同享你聖誕
歌星杯站期由十点] ·小草铋一百二十|小有一百四十元。
POUR MON POUR MON Ratek!
·莉花的香味配合得恰到 | 地方就是把玫瑰花和紫 都可以使用。
•••• • KE - KENNNEE (AM)J || 好庭,巧妙地上'造經設計還表現在首年霧式的點現式兩種。 D-V A香水山多,醇香。這是由橘香、廣 香和長薛花來顯味,這 包類。質量優良,裝瑗 交都没有像弟在那樣 彧層壓香皂,略含PC 或表露機裝,可在恐後凌島当院。 CH A NE L 的說,品質至村。瓶装有唯。 草、近尾、鈴蘭、桂竹香水瓶和現代化的黑白 男止夢廉以求的,從 道一種耐用的法 雅香味,製成長條支的两杯飲品 - 晚上九時至 上十時 EX-SEUR SIEURSRES 香......明顯的性風格 脚式許酸過,使用方便 POUR MON 四十五分至十一時十五元。 STEURISM
12KB 43 - *S***
JESZPREIS - S
ERKELS
近年本港行之聖認聖誕樹。
*****
聖誕節裏室内倔體不可缺少了_足的博琵下,畅下微的| 葛火物體、二來則是避
|洲水才能保持長時間 蘊及電視醤發出的高熱 -C4GAKH,
難忘的聖誕之夜
水份容它之後便會成温馨默尖的昨日氯、 物品附近·一版冬芄画 欣的時間拊長一點,可 噓蒗其他官选來源位 雀宝的亞副柑,你能 WHERE 2249RSKE!
DIVARIEN
效刊物
三時。
CODANEKE
成人每位一百三十
精笋炖牛肉肉即午元,小童一百一十元。
麗豪燈飾耀沙田
SONOR~
(DESEM
雙常里區大疑,下
機特別装上七彩粉的黑风设施。在二月二
每位收费一百七十紀酒會亦随即在减門河蟀泰行。
HD2249EURÍK - S****
絕世無雙的香水 高潮澡,葉易失去 橁眶長你的家中的——色、红色極琥珞花香調和而成,蕃香、檳苔等各種香木 些香味的壽平和龍襲·簡潔雅緻——這就是所|红心打扮。世界越來UR MONSTE∪立即使用,電線-6千人的平|午六時至翰上十寺 | 日由總經理方豪恩先生主持亮坦僅式,一個廢
DACE OR SN DAVE-EEDXRCEZIK EMERG-05-5882 CHANELIK KRE-4333 ARGOXED · K* C*-*-*
ICHOSTARLI
aaai nì à kㄅㄧ百給的金玉同時鹊 H A N E L 小姐所說:有「予入最佳觀」的,泡沫豐富、滋寶- UNC,E的創造者 J A C Q 在這一些誕品中底的香水,悞過台何 衆不同的特徵。正如C,要求嚴。人們需要 潸氣。適用於各類肌店 全日的設者作用。
| 安夜舞會,晚上九戍至
爲迎接聖網及新年的來臨,麗豪酒店的外
3.
Chemical Properties of Sulphur Sulphur S chemically reactive.
quite
(1430.N. increases(+6)
↑
decreases, the supply curve will shift to the left. fig. 12.2 refers
{}
1.
11
ה
1
}
14. 12.2
On the other hand. a charge in the Quantity supplied it Hiustrated by the novement along a subply curve. When the quantity supplied increases, it will be when the ì downward movement.
antity supplied decreases, it will be an yard wovement. Fig. 12.3 refers
A
Fin. 12.3
A change in the quantity supplied is caused by a change in the price of the good. While टे change in supply is caused by a change in the prices of related goods, the production cost, the number of producers, the producers' abjective and
producers!
expectation.
THE LAW OF SUPPLY
لیکم
the
normel supply curve
upward
stoping, shing that the price and the quantity supplied of a good bond to nove in the same direction. When the price increases, the quantity supplied
increase. Wher will
the price decreases, the quant ty supplied wi!! decrease. Hence in economics, the Law
"the higher states.
the -he greater
quantity
of
Supply
the price, stop jed".
4.3 Miling with sulphur, sodtien Sulphite turns sodium thiosulphate (hyoc").
Broxide
Oxygen
ifier Purifier
1989 中學會考預習專欄
明流出版社
MILL & DALE PRESS
Chemistry (12)
3.1 Sulphur burns in air with a blue
Clame.
giving sulphur (IV) oxide
25 + 30*2303
3.2 Sulphur can combines directly with most metals and many non-metals co fort
is the sulphides. Heating required.
e.g. (1) Fe+ Stes
(502) and sulphur(VI) oxide (503).
5 + 0275+502
Examples
Reagents
Observations and Equations
Sulphate Jons termed. 250 2-
(2) Conc, HNG,
„Read ́sh-brown gas (902); hent
2-
T-804280_theat;
on sulphide 73)
greenish-yellow!
(2) 200 + $CUS
Coppeu
-30
Orange-yek coin le
30
30.
R. Chu
Unit 7: Revision notes on Sulphur and
its compounds
Fe"
1. Sulphur
1.1 Allotropes of an element are the Jifferent Crystal forms of the clements, i.c.. the different ways it's constituent particles being
arranged.
1.2 Solid sulphur exists in several
allotropic forms.
Solid Sulphur
N.Bespaly the sulphides metal the lowest oxitn
Crystalline
sulphur
Rhombic
Mcnoclinic
sulphur
sulphur
(2-sulphur) (5-sutchur}
Amorphou Sulphur
(e.g. plastin
sulphur,
powdered sulphuůr).
between 1.3 Differences
monoclinic sulphur:
Rhombic Salzhur] Monoclinic sulphur
e.g.
is
Sulphur
oxidized by Madising agents such
4 and conc. FND3·
0: light-brown to solour lesa
(a) (Acidifled Purple colourless
KIDA
453 Aciuitted
strong
Orange to green
as cunc.
(6)
Iran (10)
solution
|50,
$ + 2450350 + 2H20
Thorbic and
0
0.k. increases(+4)
$ + 6HNO 3
•
0
Q.M. increases (+6)
Bright yellow
Pole-ye! low
. . $
Structure
S-molecules [Sq) closely packed
S-mojocules/Eq)
lass close!! packed
4.
Uses of sulphur
Dunsity Crys-al
Lovar (1.bur
¦ Needle-shopud
Colour
| shape
Thermal
Higher (2.06) Datahedral
stability
Stable belev 126°C
Stable above 36°0
113°C
119°C
By slow cooling of molton sulphur.
M.P.
Preperation ey evaporation
of sulphur sofutler in
1.4 Rhombic
sulphur
Thus,
Monoclims
Sulphur
96°C 16 Know?
transition temperature.
2. Effect of heat on sulphur
2. Observation
25 the
Lesson-yellow (Petate, clear
"Hales" Lanter Tiquid,
solid
darkened
Doila
At 445
10
:190°C
viscous, deep-`
19
red lipurd
소속
sadden
3001100
Plastic
Sulphur
2.2 Explanation
rolecules cinsely packed
a sulic
113
+
ו|
יִ
Feits molecules
separated an nnelting
1140
Long chains brecon
up to smell chains
which align
regifiaty
¡ boils at
445°C
AA
sina chains broken ut
to give a molecules
En vapour
效廣法润明香
90-
nglecules
broken up to
strangled and
give chats.
--៩ ព
10ined up
together
登登港月九 有指政
有質關定府日叁在$
(1) In manufacture of H2SO by
Contact Process.
(2) In
making
calcion hydrogensulphite Ca(HS0) for bleaching wood pulp in paper wandustry.
PT vulcanization of rubber
(makset hard and tough).
(1) Taking aches, fireworks,
gunpowder
(5) As a fungicide
soil conditioner's
fade and
(6) In sulphur ointments, tabl
and drugs.
(7) In
making "hypo {sodium thiosulphate, Na,S,
Na25203-5H201.
5. Chemical Properties of 502 5.1 Dry 50 is rather inert.
50 becomes very reactive presence of water.
ir the
Yellow to pale-green
t) Lead(tv) Black solid to white solid
50+7b Pasc
5.5 Aqueous 502 can bleach straw paper, W001 and slk by reduction reaction.
Thus, its bleaching effect is only temporary because the colour
be recovered due to oxidation by air.
50+ H2 dye — 2 50q+(dyn = 0}
colourless
5.6 SC can also act as an oxidising
agent when it reacts with a strong reducing agent, e.g. burning Mg, nydrogen sulphide H2S, etc.
e.g. ( Burning Mg continues to burn in 50, to give white clouds of magnessium oxide and yellow deposits of sulphur.
આવત
(2) "ellow deposits of sulphur are soon when S02 reacts with H&S in
the presence of a trace amount of water.
SU + 2H2H20 + 35
(-1). oxidation
(+4)
reduction
Uses of 50, (and sulphiles):
f.
(1) As bleaching agent.
tne
(2) As food preservatives.
5.2 When dissolved in water. 50, reacts, with water to form the sulphurous acid (H4503) which then ionizes to give hydronium ions (9,0*), hydrogensulphite ions (HSC) and the sulphite icns (5032-). 502(g) + H2O(l) → H250%{a¢)=H*{ac} +HSC2{aq)=2H(aq)+502**{aq}
Al these changes are reversible. Thus, aqueous So2 solution consists of 30, 150 and 50, 3
2-
ions.
5.3 Sulphurous acid is a weak dibasic acid. It forms two series of salts by neutralization: sulphites 503 (normal salt) sulphites, HSQ,". (acid salt), e.g. Na2SO. KHSU,, etc.
anc
hydrogen-
5.4 The sulphite Tom (50) has
reducing properties because it is
On electron
reducing donor.
substances,
an
other
nxidized to
(504
it is itsalf
sulphate the
Ton
7.
(3) As disinfectant.
(4) In manufacture of sulphuric
acid.
$0
02
PL catalyst
50-
(5) In puritying the licht
Tractions of petroleum.
Sulphites and hydrogen sulphites
sulphites 7.1 Soluble
and hydrogen sulphites dissociate 10 give (aq) when dissolved in water, 503 so, they give similar reaccions es acheous $0 solution.
7.2 Dilute strong acids, perate 90,
from netal sulphites and hydrogen- sulphites.
1$ Heating
sometimes
required.
力廣龐讀印柯必社必學必家必工
强告大者刷式有團讀生備庭覽商
•
•
DA
S
7.4 White precipitate is obtained an
adding barien chloride or Dariu nitrate solution .) sume aquecus
2-
30. The precipitate is dissolved on adding dilute PET on AND to it.
2-
1.5 Test
if
6a50)3(5)+21*(aq)
Ba2* (aq) High() deftig (4)
Baffite/hydrogen sulphite red on adding 2 Pegg aoic (e.g, HC1, HNO3)
to exd. then the solid is o metal Sulphite...
nydrogen sulphite.
Question 7.1
gas X is evolved on warming sodium sulphite crysta's with an excess of
lute hydrochloric acid. The gas X is then bubbled into 2 cm) of bromine water,
(a) Name the gas X.
write an equation af it, forma li un.
(b) What would happen torming
water?
White an equation anges
observer.
(c) Draw a diagram of the apparatus you would use to the above experiment.
335 X can copper two sulp
ined by heating some concentrated
W-te an equation of the reaction,
(e) Wact
property of Concentrated sulphuric acid is indicated by the above reaction?
(f) would gas X he obtained by using dilute sulphuric acid and copper? Explain briefly.
4 student passed an excess of gas X into 5 cm3 of 1 M sodium hydroxide solution. He then
the evaporated resulting sclution to dryness and obtaẹo some white powder 33 the residue.
(g) Name the white powder obtained on evaporation. Write an equation of its formation.
some
When burning magnesian ribbon was put into
Gas X. the magnesium continued to burn with a spluttering flame, giving 2 white and ¿ yellow solid. However, if a burning candle was out into the gus X, the candle flame was at once extinguished.
(h) What would be obtained from the
burning magnesium in gas X?
Write an equation of the reaction.
(i) Explain the observation 10 the
above experimbat.
(j) Draw a diagram of the apparatus you would use in carrying out the above experiment.
Question 7.2
The manufacture of sulphuric acid by the Contact Process is represented by:
the schematic diagram below.
報日僑華
廣告部電話:5-19088.1
Converter packed with a catalyst atl 450°%
Concentrated,. sulphuric acid
wale
Absorption Jower
(a) Suggest a method by which sulphur
dioxice is readily antained.
(b) What is X write an equation of ts
formation.
(c) What is Y? write or equation of it>
formation.
(d) Nome a Suntania catalyst to be put
in the converter.
(e) Why are sulphur dioxide and oxygen to pe, purified before they are passed into the converter?
(f) Why is concentrated sulphuric acid, bet пог water. added to the absorption tower?
Solution to 0.7.1
(a) X is sulphur dioxide.
N3,50,- 2HC1→→→ NaC1+140+$£g
[b) The bromine water turns from yellow
to colourless. SC2+2H2O+ Brz→→ H2SQ4+2HBr
(c) The set-up is shown as below.
ellate ydrochlorin
Heal
ocia
sudtun sulphite
crystals
-test tube
Corize wala
[d] Cu+2H,502~ •JSC¿+2H20=50; (e) The oxidizing power of conc. HySq
(f) No. It is because cii 290, is not
an oxidising agent.
(g) Socium hydrogen sulphite (Nar-502! -
(h) The yellow solid is sulphur.
while solid is magnesium mice.
209 + SC2090-5
(i) Gas
The
doet X (59)
not support combustior, "as a candle flame 15 extinguished in it. Fowever, the energy liberated by the burning pagnesium is great erough decompose cas X (59) to sulphur and oxygen, so, it can continue to turo
Che
cxygen
form magnesium oxide.
(3) The set-up Tut
ta
deflagratina
spoor
962 X
939 jor
Solution to Q.7.2
curning magnes Tum
Flobon
to
(a) 50, is obtained by burning sulphur in air or by roasting iron pyrite (FeS) in air.
(b) X is sulphur trioxide.
2502(9)+0(9) =
(c) Y is oleum.
* 250, (9)
H2SO} = { } ] + SQ3 (¢) → H302({})
(d) Platinut or Vanadium(V) oxide. (e) The impurities in 0, or 50, would:
poison the catalyst.
(f) SC fures misty acid fumest coming into contact with water. whereas it dissolves readily and smoothly an conc. H2594
全經包專新歷六一創 僑濟羅刊聞史月九刊 稱報 萬豐翔悠五二在 許導有富實久日五於
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刋特誔日七初月一十年辰戊饜夏
聖誕快樂