(29)
育教 日四初月一十年辰戊麿夏
1989 中學會考預習專欄
明德出版社——
MILL & DALE PRESS
Physics (11)
15kog
Solutions
報日僑華
1. Let T-tension in the cord
a-acceleration of the block m-mass of the block 10 kg
Apply Newton's 2nd law
T - my=mad
一期星日二十月二十(八八九一二年七十七國民華中
As shown in the force diagram,
consider the forces act on the man
R- reaction exerting on the man.
Apply Newton's 2nd lav
Rng = għa
R 690 - 800
801.5i
R = 230N
(Ans.!
場廣慧智朝花日四初
กะ
THES
3.
C. Y. Mak
Exercise 11 Force and Acceleration (1)
(where necessary, take g = 10 ms 2)
1. A 10 kg block is supported by a cord and pulled upwards with on acceleration 2 ms.
in the
2.
(1) What is the tension cord?
(ii) After the block has been set ic motion, the tension in the cord is reduced to 100N. What sort of motion will the black per form? (iii) if the card is now slackened completely, the black is observed to nove up 5 meters further before coming to rest. With what velocity was it travelling?
In figure 1, a man of mass 80 kg stands on a platform of mass 40 kg. He pulls a rope which is fastened to the platform and runs over a frictionless pulley on the ceiling. The platform is observed to nove uoward with acceleration 1.5 Find
Figure 2
If the system is now released,
(a) determine the acceleration of the
syster,
(b) Tind the tension in the string, (c) find the velocity with which the 15
ko block strikes the floor.
(d) find the time required for the 15
kg block to reach the floor, and (e) find the maximum height reached by
the 10 kg block.
4.
An inclined plane AB 10€ a long, B is 60 m is on the ground and A
shown in above the ground. Cas figure 3) A hack X et A is allowed
slide down fron
the rest. velocity-time graph is as shown in figure 4..
ta
Figure 3
4.
(i) the tension in the rope, are (ii) the reaction from the platform exerting on the man.
港
The
Figure 4
inear acceleration oF
Plator
Figure 1
3. Two blocks of mass 10 kg and 15 kg are connected by d light inextensible string which passes over તા smooth fixed pulley. Initially, the 10 kg block rests on the horizontal floor and the 15 kg is held 4 metres above the floor as shown in figure 2.
(a) Wh
the
(b) ind
black torent
taken for the
(c) find the velocity of the block at
3.
(d) Given that the mass of X is 2 kg, find the frictioral force betwee". the block and the inclined plane
(a) 1-(10)(10) = (10)(2)
T = 120N
Ans: The tension in the cord is
120N.
(b) If T
100
100k, then (10)(10) = 10a 2 = Ons
-2
Thus, the block will ascerid with uniform velocity.
(c) If the cord is slackened, then
T = 0
(b)
hence,
(Ans.
0 - (10)(0) - (10)(a)
a = 10s The negative sign indicates that The direction of acceleration is Gownwards)
Apply the formula vu2+2as
0 = u*-2(-10)(5)
U 10ms"
-1
7-50.2
(a) Let the acceleration of the 2. the tension, in
system be a ms the string De 1. Apply Newton's 2nd blocks seperately
law tu
tre
(Ans.
15(10) 15a......(1)
= (ickie: = 10a ......(2)
= velccity of the 15 kg
block when it strikes the floor ..1
= 435
Then, the string slackens.
assume the block moves a meters
farther before drops down.
v. = 2gh
42.
- 2010)
11 = 0.8 A
the maxinum height reached
by the 10 kg block
- 4m + 0.8m = 4.8m
(Ans.)
4. (a) the linear acceleration of
block X
slope of the linear graph
(Ans.)
=
(1)-(2)
50 252
-2
a 2ms
(Ans.)
= 2ms-! (b) Apply
at2
(b) Substitute the value of a (2), we obtain
inte
[ = 120W
(Ans.)
.", 100 = 2112
t = 10s
(Ans,)
=Qas
Q+2(2)(4)
圖
4:65
Me velocity*
15 kg block strike
furmula v
v2+2a5
a=2ms
میگیر
shown in the force ial
the reds ight of the me and the
80) = 120
Form
"Apply Newton's 2nd law
2T - 120 g = (80+40)11.5) 27 - (120)(10) = '80
- 690N
(Ans.)
-1
49
Thes
-1
d=
(d) Apply Tormula v piat
-1 where v=4m5 u-Crs"
.*.
4 = 0 + 2t t = 2s
(Ans.}
(e) As shown in the figure, let the velocity of the 10 kg block be , when it reaches the level at
A.
(c) Let the velocity of block X
-1
at B be viIS
v2 = 2as
(d) Let m
9
y2 = 2(2)(100)
400
V 20ms
-1
(Ans.)
mass of the bleck X
inclination of the plane AB
The net force acting on X in the
direction parallel to the inclined plane is
mgsing f
ere f frictional force
.. the net force is
mgsing f = ma
where a is the accleration of
the block
60.
.. (2)(10)(100 - f = (2) (2)
. f BN
[Ans.}
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The
1989 中學會考預習專欄
明德出版社
MILL & DALE PRESS
History (11)
J. Lai
of
parliamentary
development government in Britain
Background History
Britain lagged behind France in the parliamentary
1.
wel
The
the risk of interests and
the working class.
HONG
that reforms TUR above woarantee a stable and
Results
1. Mure people who
to express their
phe chance
evan
Darliamentary institut.
2. At first,
enfranchised.
10. As a result, social problems became much more acute and the Tory government had a deal with the Social anc economic arabiens carefully.
11. During the 1620, reforms in the area of criminal laws, trade unions and religious discrimination took place.
12. For instance. workers were allowed to form trade unicus and organize strikes in 1824.
KONG P
the
midcleT'S
3. Then, by the turn of the century,
the lower urban
class, especially the working class.
en franchised,
13. However, people other than the MPS
wanted a greater Say in
viament.
the
5. The limitation of the Reform Act of
1832 was that franchise was still based on property. Thus, workers were still excluded from having a say in the Parliament.
ving benefited from such economic perity, more and more educated British middle class realized that working class should not be prived to have a say in the
government.
BRARIES
As a result. it led to the Chartist Movement in which radical reforms were demanded.
7. Also, women
frot
having
government.
were
After 1832, the Conservatives ho interest of
في
Lne
and
the
and theWhigs became who fought for the interests
PUBLIC
for adfinged trefą
in the 1830E, was
4. In other words, the interests of the middle and lower classes were ensured and sericus social upheavals could be prevented.
Points to consider
development
1.
institutions.
2. The grievances of the iecle and lower classes did not lead to violent revolutions in the 19th and 20th centuries because
2.
3.
the
a. political event, such as Glorious Revolution had made the Monarch only a figurehead.
b. there was a possible channel for people to express their demands and grievances.
3. From 1871 onwards, universal male suffrage was practised in France. Cr the other hand, it was introduced in Britain at the turn of the century.
4. The radicals considered that the practice of democracy was the best means to sweep away the last relics of feudalism,
5. To the conservatives and moderate liberals, they feared that democracy would demolish church, religion, monarchy and above all the public order.
6. Thus, the struggles of the British peoples for democracy lasted for decades.
7.
The demands for more direct representation in the government resulted from the rapid economic progress after the early phases of the ngrazian and industrial revolutions.
8. At first,
the commercial end industrial classes struggled have
greater ¿ government.
sav
How did the MP and the upper class Timil the political activities of the commercial and middle classes? The importance and significance of the practice of secret ballot.
The attitudes of the commercial and industrial classes towards the werking class.
4. The development of parliamentary
institutiors.
Situations in Napoleonic Era. 1. Two
in
Dritain after the
economic classes
grew Britain after the industrial revolution.
2. They were the middle class and the
working class.
3. The middle class benefited from the economic prosperity of Britain, whereas the working class suffered much from it.
4. They had to work more than ten hours a day. Also, child and women labours labors were employed. Also, some had to work underground.
5. All in all, the working class was
seriously exploited.
6.
7.
to
the 8.
9. Then, by the turn of the century, .the middle and commercial classes
took the interests and welfare of the working class seriously.
9.
The hardship, of the workers became much severe when the economic depressions stormed Britain.
an
created The Napoleonic Wars economic boom in Britain, but it was only a temporary solution to the British economy.
was
The situation of the working class worst when another economic depression hit Britain after the Napoleonic wars.
it was because the European powers were too poor to buy British goods.
Franchise was based on property and ownership of land, i.e. only MPs with land worth £300 to £500 in annual rents were eligible to vote.
It limited the franchise because farm worker only earned £20 to 50
a year at that time.
Results
1. Coly 10% of the adult
population could voto.
de class.
Other social reforms. For instance
1.
male!
?.
2. Landowners who represented only 2% of the population took all the spate in the Parliament.
3. On the other hand, the commercial
and industrial classes WOYE not represented.
4. Thus, it Tec to the growing discontent of the siddie and working classes.
5. As a result, the working made use voice OUT of demonstrations to their grievances.
6. The gestures of the working class frightened the Parliament and later the Whigs headed by Lord John Russell proposed a Reform Bill in 1831 to enfranchise the middle class.
1.
The significance of the 1832 Reform Act
The
of passage
the Reform Act convinced that the middle and lower classes that they could express their
discontent grievances and through parliamentary means.
The Factory Act 1833
- Children under 9 were forbidden to
work in factories.
--The working hours were limited to
only nine.
Reforms in education
- Children of the working class were given the chance to receive education through government funds.
3. Mines Act 1812
- Realizing the hardship of
Lie children who were working underground, the government did not allow women and children to work underground.
Thus, the Conservative Party headed by Benjamin Disraeli put forward the Reform Act of 1867 which aimed
at providing the urban industrial
workers to have 2 say in the government. As a result.
a. the living conditions of 'towns.
For improved.
instance, drainage system was improved.
were
b. education was made compulsory so that
working class could
even
acquire knowledge. at the expense of
the government.
Other reforms, such as the Sanitary Act (1956). the Education Act(1870) the Housing Act(1875) were passed so that the living and working conditions of the working class were improved.
Also, farmers were enfranchised in the Reform Act of 1884. Thus, by the turn of the 20th century, nearly 70% of the male population were eligible to vote.
Other social and political movement's
were
1.
The Labour Party was formed.
It worked for the interests of the workers.
2.
4. Also, due to the outcries
derands of the middle class, many old laws were repealed.
and
3.
5.
For instance, the laws regarding tariffs, monopoly of big companies were abolished one by one.
Thus, the Corn Lans anc the Navigation Acts were repealed.
The Chartist Movement was resulted from the growing discontent of the working class who could not benefit from the prosperity of their country. They demanded
2.
1. universal manhood suffrage
the practice of secret ballot
3.
to
2. Thus, They would not resori
violence 10 their struggle for greater participation In the government.
3. "rum then on,
MPS the
were concerned not only
with the interests of the Tardlord class, but diso the interests of the middle class.
4. Since the Reform Act of 1832 enabled the middle class the right to vote they were eager to preserve the stability and prosperity of their country since they could share power with the upper class.
salaries for members of Parliament so that the poor could participate in politics.
Points to consider
the
Despite the rising demands Of working class for social and political reforms, the British government was still able to contain the discontent and prevent great social upheaval from happening.
In the second half of the 19th century. Britain became more propserous thar before because she had extended her economic influence from Europe to other continents, even LC Asia.
The rich were taxed SC as ta relieve the financial burden of the government since she had to finance a lot of social services.
The Parliament Act of 1911 which ensured that only the House of the Commons
could
introduce money bills.
Conclusion
Universal manhood suffrage came into practice after the end of the First World War. It was because all the British regardless of their social status were mobilized during the war. Besides, women were eligible to vote. On the other hand, the road to universal franchise in Britain was rather peaceful. There was no serious class warfare partly because of the. effectiveness of the parliament in reconciling
differences between different classes and partly because the preconditions for practising democracy were ripe. Enlightened political leaders recognized the needs to share the government with other sectors tat the population. Thus, the welfare and
lower classes could be met one by one.
the
the political demands of the middle and
And it was such a rather peaceful road that the British could enjoy equal saying in the government.
(End)