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1989 中學會考預習專欄

QuesLion-2.1

谮出版統

MILL & DALE PRESS

Chemistry (4)

Liquid Z

R. Chu

Podion

crystals

(3) White an ionic equation, giving the physical states of the supstances,

of each of the following reactions. (1) Drop

Corognate

hydrochloric acid.

mp of calcium

some dilute

(2) Add a piece of zinc graneles to

some dilute sulphuric acid.

(3) Heat a mixture of simonium suiphate and calcium hydroxide.

(4) Add a piece of aluminium into moderately concentrated potassium hydroxide and war the mixture.

(5) Add, at first, a few drops of sodium hydroxide sulucion into some

chloride solatior <in([]) then an excess of sodium hydroxide. (6) Add pcwdered ' copper(II)

(a) Name the liquid Z.

Liquid W

Write an equation of the formation of hydrogen chloride in the above experiment.

(b) why is an inverted funnel aseo?

A solution X is obtained wher W is water and a solution Y is obtained whenkismetrylbenzene.

Several tests are performed on the solutions X and Y separately and the results are tabulated as below.

Testa

Solution X

Solution Y

piace

plece

and

of dry H

pH paper

turns red.

No. colour

charge.

paper in It.

Put a plece

A colourless

gas A is

Na cas

butt Tra

isbon to it.

hydroxide to some dilute sulphuric acid.

(b) Explain briefly, with the help of EQUATIONS 04 each observations below:

(1) There is not any gas. evalved when a copper turning is added th However. dilute sulphuric acid.

when copper is added to some dilute nitric acid, a readish brown gas is observed.

(2) 我们 a

calciur

carbonate is added to some dilute sulphuric acid, at first, a few gas bubbles are seen, but the reaction rapidly stops..

·Question 2.2

In 謝 experiment below, hydrogen chloride gas is generated and disso ved in liquid W.

1989 中學會考預習專欄

明鸿出版社

MILL & DALE PRESS

Economics (4)

FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

Alain Li

Factors of production are the inpa pruduction.

There are 4 factors of production: A. Land

Land is defined as all the natural resources used in production.

Land has cheracteristics!"

1. Fixed in supply

Land is given by natureless

beings cannot increase or reduce its. Suppply..

2. No opportunity cost

Hutan beings need not sackifice any in the production of

because

land

is produceclam nature, not by human beings.

3. Immovable

Natural resources of variousi kinds

exist caly

natural, conditions are suitable

for them. Thus, they cannot be

moyed as human beings want.

Add calcium

nvolved which

forms an

explosive

mixture with

air..

Gas bubbles.

A CELCIESA

ga: 0 is

我家

Test 1.

報日僑華

(f) Explain the result. observed in Test

TV.

uestion 2.3

alachite is a green, wineral having a hemical formula CuC3, D4(H). Given: elow is the procedure for preparing one blue crystals using the galachite s the starting material.

1. Half-f.11 a beake" with dilute sulphuric asid. 2. Add

stir

powdered, malachite, constantly and add more, malachite until some of the solid remains undissolved.

3. Tilter. Put the filtrate in an; evapurating dish and heat. it over a water bath.

4. At intervals, din à Gass real into the hog filtrate, take it out ins

四期星 日十二月十 (八八九一)年七十七國民華中 (16)

(h) Why are the crystal washed with (c) A is hydrogen gas.

distilled water? Why is cold water preferred ta?

Bis carbon dioxide,

C is cumonium chloride.

(1) What is the purpose of pressing the ¦ (d) Fest 11:

crystals between Filter papers? Solution to Question 2.1

[{a}{1}` CoCDg(s)+21*(aq)—•Ca2° {an} +H2{};}}}

+CD;{g}*. *(aq)=112(g)

(2) Zn(s)?H°(aq)→→ zn2+(

(3) (NH4)2S04(5) Ca(OH)2(5)

• 2kH ̧{y}+C@50 ̧{5}+2H,900) | (4) Al{s]+204"{aq)=?420(£}

AT(DH} G* (eG)+{{g}

(5) Zi?+(aq)+20 (7(aq) →Zn{0}→{ s)

Zn{08),(201′′ (aq)----s7n{0H}2?"(ac}"

mg{n}+21/*iaq} - >@?*{aq)+Hqig} Test dif

C3CC2{:}+2H°(aq)

2*(aq) +H2@{2}(002(y)

(e) water is a polar solvent. When HC? dissolvey tri water, it ionizes to give hydroxium fors (30) which are responsible for the acidicity. Thus, solution X can turn the pH paper red.

(F) Ammonium chloride 15 an ionic scind, so, is as dissolved in water but not in methylhanzene which is a non-polar solvent.

Solution to Question 2.3 +2,0(2)(a) salachite is a basic salt,

(b) Copper(II) sulphate crystals. (c). The solid dissolves and gas bubbles

seen..

solution is

and allow it to cool. Repeat unt!}. smal blue crystals start to appear at once on the glass rod on cooling. 5. Stop heating and allow solution in the evaporating dish to {6} Cu{OH)2(s)+21*{ag)->?(na) cool. Blue crystals are farned. 6. Eller off tlie crystals, wash. (b)

in the 3 them 2 to

(1) Copper as below. hyuruyon smali times with a amount of cold distilled water and

7t Activity Series, 50,

cannot then press the crystals gently Gisplace hydrogen from the acid. between Filter papers.

Dilute "nitric acid is an oxidizing agent. It oxidizes copper and is itself reduced anitrogen(V) Toxide which is the brown gas..

(a) What type of såll is the malachite?

(b) Rame the blue crystals obtained.

(c) What would you observe or adding

the malaenite .to. the sulphuric acid?

Write an equation of the reaction between the calash:te, and elute sulphuric acid.

(d) why has an excess of the molachite

tu be added?

(e) What is the purpose of heating the

filtrate over a water bath?

Pass ammonia

ga. Into it.

No obulous chance.

Waite solid

C is seen at the button.

(f) What

the solution when blue crystals start to appear or the glass end sn ccoiing?

of

(c) Vome the substarices A, B and C.

(d) Write Toric equations of the

reactions in tests

.11 anc respectively.

(e) Explain the changes observed ir

¡B. Labour

Labour xefers to the ho both mental and production.

characteristi

Tanpply

abour depends on the

Eulon prction of the working-age groups and the number of working hours offered by the labour. force.

Movable

Tabour

from can Tocation to another, or from one occupation to another.

ՇՈՒ

Labour has physiological needs,

attachments

and

3. Human nature

personal emotions. Thus, its performance is not stable.

4. Individual differences -

of

abilities. skills.

and willingness

different. individuals vary substantially.

The

5. Non-storable

. The

а

labour available particular day cannot be stored far future use.

Improvable Educatión

(g) How would the rate of cooling of

the

affect. solution crystained

orgelization seshors can

Capital

Capia is gehed as the goods used in production?

the bjde

There are 3 forms of capital:

1. Fixed capital refers to producer goods which are used rapeatedly in production, e.g. machinery. 2. Circulating capital refers 10

the money reserves, component parts or stocks for production. 3. Social capital 'rerens to the facilities which social indirectly help production, e.g. schools, hospitals and roads.

Capital has 4 characteristics: 1. Raising productivity

The use of capital can raise the productivity of the ether production factors."

2. Involving opportunity cost

Capital is formed win resources diverted away from producing other goods. Thus, the formation of capita involves sacrifice of other goods.

3. Different degree of mobility

Some kinds of capitel can be mayad

between 'different industries and different places, 0.9% typewriter, But, the other kinds cannot

moved occupationally

De

geographically, e.g. dockyard.

(2) Calcium sulphate is formed on the

Surface of the Ting of calciu

it carbonate when

win reacts dilute sulphuric acid. Singe calcium sulphate is only alightly soluble in water, so, it forms on inscluble coat on the lump, thus preventing any further reaction. Solution to Question 2,2

(a) Z is concentrated sulphuric acid.

of

(b) The inverted funnel is to prevent

"sucking bac<*.

the solution because HC1 is very achie liquid W.

Depreciation

Capital goods are subjout to wear-and-tear.

D. Entrepren

Entrepresen

faced bears

Entrepreneurship characteristics: 1. High degree of

Entrepreneurs

• DCC

between between location

ides the way of

Maar 3 production the risk

in

has

2. Seperation of functions

In modern firas the decision- making or organizing task is undertaken V paid Managers while the risk-bearing -task is undertaken by the shareholders.

FACTOR PAYMENTS

Factor payments are the recurgs to, owners of the production Faces their factor services to prod

There are 4 kinds of Facco

Rent

A.

Rent is the retura-tad

other words, the paymentnyceived by the owner of a natural resource, 3. Wages

Wages are the porn todabour z

there are

payment

of weges

re

forded.

(d) thisfo, ussure that all the

dilute sulphuric acid is reacted.

(e) This is to concentrate the solution

by evaporazing off some water. {f) It indicates that tse hot solution has become saturated with the

soiute.

(g) Quick cooling would

Ma

crystals white slow cooling would sive larger crystals..

(a) Mashing the crystals is to remove any solution on impunities on the crystals.

Cold water is used in order c dissolution of the Crystals in witar. (1). This is to dry the wet crystals,

1. Time rate

Time rate refers to the system by which workers are

paid

according to the amount of time they work.

2. Piece rate

Piece rate rafers to the system

说 which Worker's are paid

according

goods produced.

3. Profit-sharing

the quantity of

Profit-sharing is the system int

which some portion of a firm's

profit 13 shared by workers.

Interest

Interest is the return to capital. The capital goods used 10 production are bought with money, 1.e. money. .capital. The money

capital may be obtained from money Tenders.

..in return seek interest partly for the risk of tending

AS Day

the deferred

Compensation

.consumption.

Profit

Prüf is the Lentrepreneurship. It is the excess.

cost of production. In other words, it is the uniqunt of revenue after the payments for the other production factors. 50 it is not fixed: it may be great, little or even negative.

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