頁二第張四第 日一初月九年寅丙屦夏
1987中學會考 試題預習專欄
物理( 二)
Revision Exercise
for
Cert, Exam. (1987).
PHYSICS (2)
MILL & DALE PRESS 170.
1.2 Refraction
Refraction is the change in direction of é light ray when it passes from one medium to another. This is due to Tight haa different apeedain different media.
Law of refraction
1. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence are on the same plane.
The ratio of sine of
the angle of incidence
to the sine, of angle of refraction is a
constant.
medium 2
medium
The last statement Snell's Law
Note: 1 It follows that if
rays pass from
optically Tess deige medium to optically, denser medium, they are refracted towards the normal. It pays pass from optically denser medium to optically less dense medina, they are
refracted away from.
the norma
Djy is the "refractive.
index of medium”2
with respect to medium. 1. If medium 1 is air, " is usually called the refractive under of medium
and
151223
For simplicity, the refractive index of
denoted by n, and defined as.
speed of light in wir __(vacuum)
v speed of light in
water
as shown in the
figures
{fore
where n is a constaut (called refractivé index}
If the light, ray Passea from mediuAIN medium-2, the ratio
in called the k sinr refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medion 1 and is denoted
by Nig.
It can shown that
Examples
A ray of light travels from air to glass B
shown in the figures If. the velocity of light in air is 3x10 ms
find (a) the refractive index
(b) the velocity of light
in glass:
myelocity a
where
light in medium
of
light in tièdium
Glass
類六十分署全
油旺北中
| 雞角角區
香地辦辦辦職
有酒莊包容内 1986
皮辦事事事季
爾事處處處活
處旺渣砵道
請購備
柯式精美印刷 每冊港幣五十元
作爲你的 案頭顧問
佐角華甸 【敦上道乍
道海豐街六
田街二香至 十四七港三
·四九號華豪
【號七人
左號 銀號
地
電電電
飾
三三五五五
六八六二四
八四四三九
七○○萱
六七:
香港區:
九龍區:
時竇評論
圖片精華 香港全貌:世界書局 南華早報書店
運大東書局 德輔道中二五四號世界書局, 亞皆老街一○五號 香港大星碼頭 辰街圖書公司尖沙吧樂道十三號
.彌敦道六八二號
要敦道六七八號」
街山道二一四號 - 岢山道三五二號.
交通指南下廣興書局
日用參考
街道地
江|社|學|醫|人商郵居
商團校療名旅電住用
名總
醉指簡
錄覽錄覽典尊介知
◀售代有皆
陳
线美阅替公司
大方書局
東亞圖書公司干諾道西 121號二樓正康公司 北角当局街三十九號 大道西四二七號 屯廊式店
離趣虷文玩公司 軒尼詩道246二樓·儒林貴局官媯協和街一O一號」 大道西三一五號在域沿用,屯門蝴蝶邨商場二樓
波斯富街-○八號偉獅文具公司蓏佬村道二十七號
莊士敦道三十號地庫 新成器也局 波斯富街18號 南方沓局,游公道三十號 軒尼詩道六十五號 智源書局 金巴利道廿七號二樓 軒尼詩道一七三號 萬判書局 老街五十四號 庄士敦道五十六號|女藥局:官塘康寧道二十四號
新記杳局 天樂里七號恆達圖書唱片亞皆老街一二四號. - 荃灣、屯門、元朗
愒巴甸街三十三號 文恩击 沈友街九十一號 德輔道中一二七號天龍耆業公司, 彌敦道729號地下 荃灣新村街十四號、
-洗去街九十號-
大生書局
頊街坊福利會財路乍街十四號
屯門新墟啓民18 號
可箕灣道三六六號 元朗區社團聯誼會元朗邨第四座
of money which a
WAH KIU YAT PO
報日僑華
六期星
ainag
sindg
050
1.446
(Auan)
speed of light in
air
speed of light glass
Speed of light
in glass.
-peed of light in.
3x10 1.446
(Ans.)
2.075x10 ms
Total Internal Reflection
When light. passes from a transparent mediun of refractive index n to air, the angle of refraction r increases as the angle of: locidence i increases. When the angle of incidence comes to Bome walue Bay B such
that the angle of refraction' r=90"; then
9 is the critical angle
of the medium. If the
angle of incidence i
is increased further, (1... 19.), then total internal reflection will occur and there is no refracted light,
(xii)
medi um
<
A
sefracted may?
If a is the refractive.
index of the medium, then
sindair
Bing
sin90
sinë
有上面提二式
程數小任人
課的,供土的括
者育學何或接手物
。任中奖
一何學院人在
任其程,以
OT
As shown in the figure,
ray of light, incident on a 60′′ glass prism of... reflected at the second: face of the prism, Calculate the angles and · Sòlution:
@ia the crítical angle glass.
b-180°-60°:
1200
a+b=180
@4120
0.625
(好)
tein21 -0.5818 *35*291
(ANS)
Notes By meana of total
interual refraction, rendere ahould know. how to explain the following items
1. A fisheye view
Prisms used as
mirrors(e.g. periscope)
4. Erecting prism..
Binscular prisms light pipes.
經濟(二)
Revisjon Exercises
for
Cert. Exao. (1987)
ECONOMICS (2)
MILL ̄ &¬DALE PRESS LTD. Banic Concepts (Contrd)
7. Price and value
Price:
The price of" a
commodity Ya the SUR
person pays to a
日四月十年六八九一居公年五十七國民華中
seller in order tin obtain the ownershipị of the commodity. Thus, the price of certain commodity is that the exchange. value of it却真心 in terms of money.
The price of s commodity in
determined by supply
and demand condition in the free market. 里克,其他的性贴to ride 粗糙 demand exceeds supply...
or fall as supply
exceeds demand in the
·market.
However price" may not move freely in accordance with changes in demand and supply due to market imperfections or government" interventions.
Despite the fact. that price may not reflect the real market conditions, it still serve as an index for consumption, production, exchange, and resources allocation to certain ertent. In a mixed- economy, price plays a very important role indued.
Value;
For each commodity, there are two kinds of value; which are known
"value" in exchange.
The 'value in use' of a commodity is the total utility which it yields as it is used, It reflects the usefulness of the commodity.
The value in exchange of a commodity is the quantity of some other commodity for which the commodity can be exchange. Thus, the exchange, value of a commodity can be expressed in terms of unita of some other: compedity: It also can
be expressed in terms of money, and is therefore called price,
The valde in use! of a commodity may u differ from its value in exchange! the latter is usually affected by the market demand and supply. conditions. The higher the marginal utility of a commoùlity, the higher its value in
exchange will be.
Production and
現行教育條例規定 大會堂劇院及群臣劇,前路和方向,費用全免 八十元及七元(會員)。 高中 的體驗和感受, 敏兒及梁廣昌。費用:刺她同工及觀衆分享 欣賞戲劇。講員有:陳烈基督中心舉行,讓各 基督徒戰劇聯演在探討基督徒激劇工作的
三一只何從舞台技術去會,本月廿日在聖安整 網製作與戲劇欣賞: 劇聯演分享班
補習學校必須注册
《港訊》教育署挺倘未有就用或盛時硅和
【去欣賞登劇:六二酸 關係,三晚分別俁、寫拉特——變奏」,門 一)如何從演員的演技 梁分廿五及三十元兩征
課程的補習班必須向
教育:
,称否前長· 敎的
南於深册全
明會
一在以徹及師學
不經訴會有發委成旦一因學底均较有須
·位老事區
服
將間,
於金
咸跌報署用學 時季 · 是 班家
彩色華僑
華僑日報
逢星期日刋出
生壮
电子像
亜洲藝術節
風直襲倫敦入
東滿 記
鮮明的秋日形象
玩
Coneumptio恋
production:
vn: Production -is
defined as any
activity directed to the creation of goods. or services with given resources.
... Production involves changes in time, place, form, and shape of the resources. The main aim of production is to provide sufficient goods and services
to satisfy human wants.
There are three stages of production They are primary, secondary, and tertiary production. They are interdepent ent..
on une another.. Consumption
Consumption is defined as the process of atilising a certain commodity or service from which satisfac- tion is obtained by the person who user
Consumption is neceanary for each individual and it is the primary motive for a person to work. As consumption occurs, utility is derived and the need. for production arises.
Income and Expenditure Income:
Income is defined me the inflow of money or wealth to an individual of organisation. Income may arise as en reward. to land labour;
capital, entrepreneur, of a transfer payment such as pension, Boolal welfare assistance, or subsidy.
It is important to distinguish between real and money income Real income, Ís. the amount of goods that can be purchased with the incomïe. It reflects the real purchasing power of the income," "Money income is the nominal. value of the money, In time, of inflation, real income may fall although money income remains constant:))
Expenditure:
The outflow of money, of a person or afirmis called expenditure. The expenditore can be of
various forms. It may
明
化討務及董
中會論的一費向
西堂一此建些,委
面的事外鐵改內員的用!
建委區有
深度內背交價和
水會老果
將服料建
及演唱多首名曲,包括
次日七時半,在城市當代一及青年基檸徒劇團「 由木有五日至七日,航速演藝社「猩猩的故事
·座、基督徒戲劇聯演及 本月十七及十八兩日 講座分三日舉行,劇團「雲寄何處」 路
艾妮協會本月份辦「戲 日光之下」,工業福晋中西區水運會 分享研討會。通常有三場銳統:青年商會水運會」,十月五日,接力等,各項均設冠、十八日星期大晚上七時七。 (新戳社)基督徒上七時牛,火福爾高二北台產的。電影等,項目包括不同距離區中心社會福利署小組從街)○四號三樓二 種職工。 「則變通」,有:戰肉菜團契戲劇和「度橋」,週日下午舉行的選拭出發計畫由還工作都粤曲組陽提供做 A太辦事處索取。迹 洪山中西區、朐诼、泳、背濓、東傳統粵曲藝術,十月 詞請酸三丁二四七三
、柏總已訂國大批精英的国模紀念杯, 减工均可獲贈,以爲紀念。「燦) 上印國旗,雙十及會發,自,參與盛典
育教聞港
consumption of certain
ommodities and
aervices; or the instalments of producer goods for further production.
Whenever income exceeds expenditure, stock of capital. increases because the remaining income which is not spent will add to the stock of capital.
10.Types of Economy.
In general, there are three types of economy.Tliey Aze free economy, mixed economy, and planned economy -
In a free economy, prices are freely determined by the interaction of demand and supply conditions of märkets. There is no government interventions on the economy at all. Production and cansumption are directed by price:
Decisions made by all producera, and
consumers are free:
from any intervention from the government.
In a mixed economy: both private sector and the government take part in the economic activities. The government imposes taxes on certain groupa of individuals and business. enterprises and spends public fundson: certain public... projects or scheme s run by the government. On the other hand, N private sector remains unaltered by the governmental actions. Businessmen still don their best in seking profits, while consumers have freedom in consumption to. certain extent.
In a planned economy the A government decides on what goods aboride produced, what factora of production should be adopted and in what quantities. Consumers have to accept the supply of commodities and serices at prices. set by the goverumenta In this economy, it the government that dictates the produetion: consumption, distribution and cemployment of factors
of production,
五十八億五千餘萬 七月份零售業總值 本港新聞
五七
王开,但零售棄則稱為下降。
總直升百分毛·辔量升百分三與中出
·車零件的零售價值有大幅增加,但弈爲增加。超級市場的零售
之一。燃料的零星價值下跌百分之十五,礬售重則幾無變動。汽車及汽 品」的要售價值分别上升百分之七及百分之三,而要否則同告下降百分作中的日月食、會長、新民 偵値上升百分之五,零售量則上升百分之三,耐用消費品及「其他消費,執委會議,匯報雙十國是叔熞酒樓度砍籌備工
逍上升百分之二十,零售增加百分之十三。食品、酒類及烟草的零售
·百分之五,而總穿舆文則上升百分之一。衣著、帷類及有關產品零售價
一九八六年五月至七月的三個月與五年同期比较,總晷整價值上升
及分注比值:
熱系
烈產
祝職
月份上升5分之七,穿售則上升百分之三。 食則致升百分之二。扶選定行業分析,汽車及汽車零件的客售價值大幅較有一九八六年七月調查結果分析的報告書現已在中區康樂廣場動 售盘分别上升首分之七及百分之一。食品,酒類及烟草窰售價上升百分 與零售資均有温和增加。超級市場和汽車及汽車零件的本售價值與悟 場的答售價個有溫和治加,要魯米增長較小,百貨商店的宰售價值繪器 統計以批發及箬售業統計科查詢,電話:行云。 九龍旺角玻華大酒樓港行,各笏廠印染及製衣 已售益分别上升百分之十三及百分之四,「其他消費品」的零售仪舊及芬;各售攝上升百分之二。除汽車及汽車塔件外的耐用消费品的李賀禮、該菜料 上廂,若售盤則有溫和增長。除汽車及汽車零件外的耐用花費和拨市 政總局大阪政府刊物希視處出售,每本一元。有關此項統計結果,可向七十五年油餅超好邗江橋的装髄座 之四,零售量亦上升百分之一。燃料的三售價值下降百分之十四而祥街 昼稍露上升。百货商店的客語做適稍有增加,就許是則有里和增長。 總各會所均五搭牌樓,張燈結綵。 七月份零售業的總零停價位告群約摄五十八億五千二百萬元,較去年七性的M售價值與零售股分别上升百分之十三及百分之十四。成衣,鞋類 开百分之二十一,罗售量增加百分之十五。耐用消費品的容售價值及餮 值上升百分之三,零售世則上升百分之二。燃料雰售價值上升百分之一 新界的徧系產業蹟工已掀起籌個魔稅的高潮。 洪與八五年七月比較,今年七月的衣着,鞫類及有關產品零售價值上.費品的零售價值及客量均加百分之六,食品、酒類及烟草的零(特)光輝燦爛的十月已經屆臨,港九 (港訊》壕政府蔫計隱前日發表的臨時統計結果獵示,一九八六年,均上升百分之八,但應注意這比較是受季節性因素影響。「其他有冒品棉系產業職工總會
·及有關產品的容售價值及零售量同告上升百分之五及百分之八。耐用消
廠九大
佩經參華慶總:
此酒备来會: