育教僑華 頁一第張九第日二十月二年寅丙厝 WAH KIU YAT PO
1986
中學會考試題預習專欄
歷
史(廿五) 明德出版社
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Revision Exercise
for
Cert. Exam (1986)
HISTORY (25)
VIOLA YAY, WOO
•MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
·
Describe Japan activities in East Asia during the First World Var. How did China and the great powers react “to súch netivities?
The East Asian inter- national scene was peace- ful and atable before the outbreak of the First World War în 1914, In that year, however, because of the war which occupied the atteftion of the European great. 1 powers, Japan seized the golden opportunity when International constraint Ves absent to advance her interests in the East... Asian region. First, she entered war on the side' of the Allies (Britain, France and Russio)
gainst the Central povers (Germany, and Austria), end måde use of the excuse to seize Kinochów in Shantung "of
China from German hands,
The British were of course di spleased, but since they are
preoccupied with war in Europe, they just could fiat put up any effective opposition, Britain
needed Japan's coopera- tion as long as the First World War was on. N Desides, Jepun, said that Kinochow would be hon returned to China after the var. By late 1914, All the foruer Gerusn rights and cases in Shantung had fallen into JOPA Lagu ghands. It could be velT expected that China could not oppose such » Japanese seïture, At the same time, the Japanese navy, turned to the South Pacific and accupied the German island colonies there, such as the Marshallg and the Yap.
The reasons for Japan's doing so were Tong-term. Many Japanese businessmen, politicians and militariste had for. Yong advocated a stronger foreign policy (which ran
Politically, Yuan Shih- kat was unco-operative with Jopan but was.. pro-
Western, or more exactly,
pro-British, Secondly,
economie Competition and rivalry threatened Japan's interests In
Manchuria, especially aa Japan did not have the.
superior economic power
to competo successfully with the Weat. Many Japanese ultra- nationalists favoured more forceful attitude toward China; the Black. Dragon Society, for instance, argued for obtaining from China far reaching concessions.
This formed the- background to the presentation of the 21 Demands to Yuan Shiktai, by Japan in 1915, only a few months after the seizure of Klaschów,
If Yuan Shih-k'ai accepted the Demands, he would receive Japanese support for his attempt at restoring a monarchy, which he wanted. On the other hand, however, he knew that many Chinese would oppose him..
Realizing that China alone was too weak to resist Japan, Yuan turned to the other great. powers, especially the US, for assistance. The reaction of the US and Britain was one of general opposition and protest. But because of the First World War, they decided not to intervene to check Japan. As for France and Russia, no objection was made, since they wanted to win Japanese friendship and drav. Japon into more active var-effort against Germany and Austria.
France oven advised China,
the Demands.
Without foreign aid, China had no other alternative but to accept. the 21 Demands.
Accordingly, #1) German rights in Shantung were transferred to Japan;. the Japanese leases in South Manchuria (Port Arthur and Dairen) were extended to 99 years; control over the Henyehping Company was a given to Japan; and China. promised that porta and, islands along the China const would not be ceded to other countries.
But Japon feared that: all these privileges might be lost once the war ended and Western....
opposition revived. Thus she made agreements with the povers and even China as anfeguards. Firstly, an ullionce was made with Russia in 1916. Secondly, secret agreements were made with Britain,
France, Italy and
against the traditional France, It
policy of co-operation with the Western powers).
Thi
younger generation of Japanese were more and more influential, and they began disobeying the genro ("elders", aged Meiji Teaders), who favoured continuation of the traditional policy.
Japan's
. In China,
position was declining.
Russia in short, the Allied, in 1917. These Allied powers wanted grester Japanese participation in war; they therefore secretly promised to give Japan Kiaoobov in Shantung. Au agreement of friendliness was made with the US too. The US expected that this would slow down “Japanese
expansionism. Thirdly; Japan-extended some loans to the Peking warlord government of China. The aim was to bribe China to be co-operative in Japan's newly acquired: gains. Eager for money to fight with other
the Peking. warlords, government accepted those loans.
There was then the Siberian Expedition,” in which Japan took part, in 1918, The Expedition was an Allied attempt at checking the spread of Communism to East Asia. after the Bolshevik seizure of power in 1917 in Russia and bringing Russia back into greater war-efforts against Germany and Austria.
Japan joined it because of territorial ambition and the desire to keep Communist threats away from Manchuria (Japan's sphere of influence). Yet the Japanese military sent in many times the rumber of troops originally decided on.. Again, however, the Allied powers could do. Little to restrain Japan, not until the First World Var ended in 1919.
Looking back over the years from now, one how the Japanese used the opportunities when the great powers were pre- occupied with war and made great gains, territorial, econòmic and political, in, the East Asian regiona.. The traditional balance of power in East Asia vas destroyed in such away.
Describe the factors for the rise of Japanese militarism İn- the 1930s.
Meaning of militarism 1. the government.
controlled by military
men
spread of militarintie idean in government. and society
3. the government using
an aggressive foreign policy
de active atlitary prepardness and buildup at home
Factors for the rise of militarian -
1. Growing influence of
the military-
a.
Because modernization started as defence against foreign
imperialism, military men, had always enjoyed a high social and political position. Pan 1910 to 1945 military men established many organizations in Japan. The influenced many Japanese people. Before 1868 (the Me111 Restoration), military men (the samurai) enjoyed a high social and political position. Thus
militarise had a long tradition,
Struggle for leader-. ship between military...
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end civil leaders
From 1868 to 1912 power was concentrated in the Emperor, who was able. The Neiji atatesmen (like. Ito) vere civil and military leaders at the sate time: Fron the 1920s on, however, the Emperor was not able. Thus military men and civil men struggled for power.
b. In times of bad inter-
national relations (such as in the
1930s), people felt that military men should-run the country so as to protect the country
3. Failure of democratic experimentation --
Japan experimented with democratic rule.
from 1918 to 1931, The period was called the period of the party... rule. But (1) modern- ization was. superficial and democracy was difficult to take root (ii) conservative and authoritarian forces made it difficult for democracy to work. Thus democracy failed in the 1930s..
4. Social conservatism
Modernization had been limited to the
political levels
during Meiji times.
Institutions were
reformed, but
conservatism was still
very strong in
society.
The; contributions of
social conservatism to the rise of militarism vere as follower.
many military 'men came
from the conservative countryside
party-rule and western-style democracy were limited to city areas only ju
5. International develop-
ments making it passible for the rise of militarian
Japanese
felt
that they were discriminated against
by
For example, during
Conference (1921. 22). Japan wes given an inferior ratio of naval di surmanent.
Military men made use. of this feeling to arouse patriotic emotion. Party señ were condemned as people who betrayed the country. Popular support for the military became
strong.
6. The failure of peace......
ful economic expansion in the 1920s –
This policy, which party governments upheld, failed to protect Japanta interents.
People thought that only military men. could beat safegourd
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Japan's interests.
7. Examples of dictator-
ships in Europe -
a. Such examples were the
rise of fascist rule · in Italy and of Nazist rule
in Germany":
Japanese people thought that they could make their equntry strong following such examples.
8. The Great Depression
(1929 1930)
a. Because of the
Depression, many Japanese people were- unemployed. Prices rose and fell sharply. Many people suffered economically..
b. People believed that
party government could not give them a good livelihood. They felt that Western capitalism and democracy were unsuitable for Japan. Thus they welcomed militarì sm.
9. The threat of
communiem
Soviet Russia was a communist country. Conservative Japanese feared that Japan. might become a
communist country too. They welcomed.
militari amesa force against combonísa,
化學 (廿五)
Revision Exercise
for
Cert. Exam. (1986)
CHEMISTRY (23) REGINALD M. CHU
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
Question 37
(n)in the experiment as
shown below, a white ring would be
form, somewhe ten i
between Pand.
to
Qi on the inner wall of the long glass tube after
short while.
+
•Lany gliss tube
cution Soaked, ?....
cotton Soaked With Cone, Willy (ng)
with cont. Heling) (4). Name the substance
which is present in the white ring.
Write an equation of
its formation:
(ii) Where do you expect the ring to be formed between P and qʻ
Indicate your answer with a simple diagram.
(iii)Explain why the ring
is formed at the position rs expected by youRTDA (iv) Draw a diagram to
show the electronic structure of the substance composing. the white ring. (v) What would happen
some of the
CO
8
substance in the ring is heated in test-tube?.
When a white
crystalline solid
日一廿月三年六八九一层公年五十七圃民華中
was heated with some dilute hydro- chloric acid, a coloutlens choking gag B was evolved which could turn acidified potassium dichromate solution from orange to green. The solid A could also impact a bright yellow colour to the bunsen flame
Solid A? (1)What is (2)What is 'gus B?: (3) write the equation
of the formation of H.
(4)What property of gas B is shown by its reaction with s potassium dichromate
solutiony
(ii) Name the product(s).
of, and state the conditions for, the reactions between hydrogen gas and each of thẻ .. following gases. (1)Nitrogen (2)oxygen (3)Chlorine
(iii)What is the effect.
of water upon each
of the products
obtained in
(ii). Give equation(s)
(b)
wherever there is
a reaction...
question 38
(*) Explain briefly the
following statements.
·(i). Nitric acid is often stored in brown reagant bottles.
(11) Concentrated.
sulphuric acid is not used to dry ammonia gas. (iii)Freshly-prepared-
aluminium seeus quite inactive towards dilute
nitric acid though
it has quite a high position in the activity series.
(iv) There is very little
reaction on adding lead(IT) oxide into dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid though it is a typical basic oxide
Phosphorus is not found in nature ag the free element. Explain briefly why is this 80, (ii) Phosphorus, usually
„exista in two
allotropic forus; lone ia balled "red":
phosphorus and whạt is the other called?. (iii)Phosphorus can fora
two differential chloride's with chlorine, (1)Give the molecular
formulae of the two chlorides of phosphorus, (2)Write down the
respective oxidation numbara of
phosphorus in the two chlorides. (3)Draw a diagram to
show the 3-D arrangement of the. atoms in the lower chloride of phosphorus.
方便讀者
TEKKZSKÉNÉE
(GSPKKCET)
Red, phosphorus can be converted to ortho-phospheric (HPU) acid by beating a small amount of it with fairly concentrated nitric acid in the
fume cupboard. When
the vigorous,
reaction has slowed
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down, the reaction mixture is filter: with glass wool and then heated fairly gently to drive off any unused nitric acid. The reaction could be represented as follows:
H3PO4+5N02+0
(1)Name the substance:
that is pxidized in the reaction. (2)Why is red
phosphorus preferred to use in the above experiment? (3)Why is the reaction
to be carried out in the fume cupboard? (4)Give the names and formulae of the salts that could be formed between sodium hydroxide and
orthophosphorío
acid.
(5)Why is filtration
necessary?
(6)What is the maximum
JO. 38.81
of orthophosphoric acid. that could be
obtained from 18. of red phosphorus?
Question 39
(a)In the experiment as.
shown below a stream of carbon dioxide is slowly passed through the combustion tube.
mog nastu
copper (2)
- 1 Heat ↑
axit
8
Name the substances that would be formed, if any, in the hosts at A and B respectively..
(ii) Write an equation of
the reaction(s), if any, at A and B.. (iii)What would you
observe if the exit gas Xis passed into some limewater?
(iv) Would it be more
desirable to carry out the experiment in the fume- cupboard?
If yes, explain briefly.
(v) Would there be any
reaction if th copper(II) oxide substituted, in turn, by (1)Zine(LL) oxide, (2)lead(II) oxide?
If yes, give an equation of the reaction.
(b)1.97 g of a solid
mixture containing potassium chlorate and potassium chloride was heated until there was no more gas evolved. The residue was cooled and dissolved in
10 cm of waters When au excess of acidified. silver nitrate.. solution was added to the solution, 2,87 g of silver chloride was. precipitated
(1) Write an equation the reaction when potassium chlorate is heated. (ii) Write an ionic
equation of the precipitation.
(iii)Calculate the
percentage by mass of potassium- chloride in the
original mixture.
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