百二第張五第日三初月九年要癸歷夏 WAH KIU YAT PO
歷史
wanted to unite with Bosnia to form a larger.
state. Therefore there would be
conflicts with Austria
1984
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[Austria
Black: Sea
TURKEY
Greece.
TURKEY
·HISTORY (5)
Philip Y.L. Woo
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
Last time we discussed. how the European great powers became divided ́ ́
into
two alliance camps by 1907 the Triple Entente (Britain, France & Russia) against the Triple
(Germany,
Austri NB In
this issue we sha11 discuss some of the major international problems between the great powers in the period 1871-1914.
PROBLEMS IN THE BALKANS 1 Sources of inter-
national conflicts 1871-1914:
a. Alsace Lorraine
In 1870-71, Prussia defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War. Would France
start a war of revenge against
Germany?
Imperial sm
Would
the great powers
make war over
problems?
The Balkans The First World War started from an
assassination there. We shall learn about that. in the next issue What were the problems?
the
Different nation- alities (e.g. Serbs) wanted independence or unification against both the Ottoman Empire and Austria." The great powers all had interests in the Balkans. The Balkan states in 1871-
(Look at the map)
Greece & Rumania By 1871, they had. been independent,
Greece was " protected by Britain (guarding
against Russia's
southward advance)
Rumania was protected by Russia (due to geography)
Serbia - It enjoyed self-rule but was not yet fully. independent. Bosnia & Bulgaria
They were still under "urkish rule
The Balkan crisis,
1875-78
a. 1875 Bosnia and Bulgaria revolted against Turkey. Serbia joined the revolt later. 1877 Russia
supported the
revolt But
Austria opposed Russia.
1878, Congress of Berlin-
Bulgaria became. independent, and Russia had influence there. Bosnia was occupied (not annexed) by Austria Serbia was fully independent from Turkey.
Effects
Russia felt that Germany was un- friendly Germany
chose Austria as ally in 1879. The people of Bosnia and Serbia were Slavs. Serbía
Constantinople
PROBLEMS IN THE BALKANS AND INTERNATIONAL. CRISE 10.1914A
Pitlenty Oceany
Black Spa
balkons.
Med: Sea
Morocco
Internationa
rnation
ALI TANCES &ENTENTES Crises Dia 1
Entente
{1}r & Fr).
1904
Triple
Entente
(Br, Fr & Itu) 1907
Key
First Moroccan Crisis, 1905
06
Bosnian Crisis, 1908-09
Fr-France' Second Moroccan Br=Britain Crisis, 1911 Gr=Germany
Tu Russia Balkan Wars, Au-Austria 1912–13
First Moroccan Crisis 1905–06
a. Background - In
the Dual Entente, the interests that France enjoyed in Morocco were recognized by Britain. But Germany had interests in Morocco too. Germany wanted to test the strength of the Dual Entente while Russia was busy fighting the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)
Course - In. 1905, William II landed
at Morocco and
said that Morocco was an independent country.
Algeciras Conference, 1906 Br, Ru and the USA supported Fr. Morocco remained under French influence. Effect Br and Fr planned closer cooperation against Gr. Br, Fr and Bu were alarmed at Gris aggressive. policies. They made the Triple Entente in 1907.
Bosnian Crisis, 1908-09
Background
The relations between Au & Serbia were bad. In the early 1900s, a new king ruled Serbia. He was young and
anti-Austrian. An economic war occurred between Au and Serbia. Au.
forbade imports.
of Serbian pigs. In 1908 in Bosnia (occupied by Au since 1878), a revolt against. Turkey happened. Au used this
chance to try to aunex Bosnia (ile. taking Rosnia from
郭日僑
Turkish rule). Au's motive was
to raise ter international reputation.
Course
Gr supported Au in doing that. After tlie annex-
ation of hosnia by Au, Br, Fr and Ru were alarmed. Serbia had always wanted to join with Bosnia to
form a united
country fall Slav
peuple), so Serbia.
was angry too
Ru supported
Serbia.
In 1909, Gra
threatened Ru and Serbia. In the end, The annexation was a success. Effects.
The aggressiveness of Grand Au was shown clearly. The Dual Alliance.. became a weapon for offensive
policies.
Br Fr and Ru cooperated closer in the Triple Entente against Gr and AUS
Ra and Serbia had suffered a diplomatic defeat in the hands of Gr. Iu future, Ru and Serbia would use a stronger. policy. Conflicts between Au and Serbía
increased quickly.
Second Moroccan Crisis. 1911-
Background - In 1911, a revolt broke out in Morocco. Fr sent troops to defeat the rebels Gr used this chance to challenge Fr again, st
Course - Gr sent warship to Agadir of Morocco. Th the end, Gr had to recognize Morocco to be a French protectorate alter
Effects
Br. Fr and Tu were further alarmed at fir's aggressive- ness. The British navy would con-- centrate on the North Sea while the French navy would safeguard the Mediterranean Sea..
Gr would not back down in any future crisis.
The Balkan Wars, 1912–13
a. Background
Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and others
formed a Balkan Leage to challenge Turkey.
Course In 1912, the Leage attacked Turkey. Ru and· Fr. supported the League. Turkey was badly defeated. However, later,
Serbia and Bulgaria fought with each other themselves over the problem of dividing Turkish land, Serbia won Au sent an i- natum (a fina: warning decore making war) tu Serbia, Gr supported au. Serbia gave way in the end,
Effects
War early came
about. Gr supported An
against Serbia, Ru and Fr
supported Serbia. Gr continued to
六期星
support Au in the Balkans.
Austro-Serbian
conflicts would. continue.
Bu and Serbia would- not back down so easily again when facing Grand Au, Br was greatly. alarmed at Gris and Au's aggres sive policies in the Balkans.
經濟
ECONÒMICS (3)
(=)
KK. Wong & IT. Chan
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
Primary, Secondary and Tertirary production and their relationship.
Production
Production is defined as an activity directed to the satisfaction of human
wants.
Expenditure Goods
& Service.s
Producers. Consumers
Services
of Factors.
--Income→→
Producers are the fires or business units which organize the production activities in providing goods and services for consumption or further production. Luey are also the employers of the four factors of:
production.
The main objective of production is to satisfy human wants directly or indirectly.
Production may involve changes in form, time place and property of natural resources,
Production can graphically
illustrated as below
Output:
Input:
Factors of
production
Production:
Goods &
Services
Capital
Labour-
Entrepreneur
process
Goods and Services
Goods which are used: for consumption and the satisfaction of wants are known as consumer goods, such 1s pencil, drink, etc. Goods which are used for further production or used as inputs for the production of other goods or services are known as producer goods. For example, machinery and- equipment are producer goods.
the
Services are intangible commodities which are often- consumed at the same time when they are produced. For example, "the services of the.
musicians,
entertainers; doctors and hairdressers are all services. Stages of production:
Usually, the production of a commodity can be a series of connected
日八月十年三八九一醫公年二十七國民華中育教僑華
activities which are.
carried out by stages
In each stage, the
value of the product
is added and the utility of the product manufactured in every Stage will be increased. Therefore, production also can. be defined as the value-adding activity at various stage.
Stages of production can be classified as three: Primary, secondary and tertiary
production
Primary production:
Tis the first stage of production; It is concerned with the extraction of raw materials from the nature. Usually it is the earliest form of production. People involved in the primary production, are called primary producers such as farmers, fishermen, etc. The products of primary production are called primary products, or primary goods. They are made to satisfy people's wants directly or provide raw materials that make further stages of production possible.
Secondary production:
It is the second stage of production, which is concerned with the manufacturing of goods in all industries. It transforms raw materials and part with the help of machinery and equipment, into semifinished or finished products products of this stage are called secondary products, They
of consumer
Coste, producer
The
goods. The people involved in the secondary production are known as secondary producers.
Tertiary production:
It refers to the provision of services which meet the demand
of consumers or the need for distribution services. There are.
three kinds of
services: commercial
services, and personal services,
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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS:
(5)
S.F. Ko
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
Exercise 2 Quadratic
equations.
Worked examples
For the equation
2
ax+x+n÷0
find the condition that its roots should he in the ratio r:s Solution:
Let the roots be rk. and sk where k is a constant.
Sum of roots,
rkesk
a
Prod, of roots,
(rk) (sk)
rsk
-
a (r+s
a(r+s)
rsman(r+s}"
which is the required "condition. (Ans.)
2. For what values of k
will the equation
Kk+a x x+8
have its
roots equal in
magnitude but opposite
in sign?
Solutions
11 kkra x X+0
-x(k+n)(x+a
sk{k+a.) (x+a)+kx(k+a)
x k+ax +akx+a x+kx +akx
12 2
-K +ak +aki+a k+k x+akx
(2k+a)x2+(a~~2K)x−
2
ak a k=0
root of.
Let p be one
this equation, then the other root must
bep since the
roots.
are equal but apposite in sign.
sum of roo
=p+(-p) |
2k 2k+a
2
a (a 2 - k2)
2k+a
(Ans.)
If x is reak, prove that the expression
5x+1
2x-3x+2
*2
must lie between two numbers.
Solution:
Le
then
(1−2k)x−
(3×3K) + (1−2k)-0 since the roots are equal, we have
[-(3-3k)] -4 (1-2k)
(1−2k) ≥ 0
(3-3k)2-4(1~2k)2 > 0 9-18k+9k -4+16k-16k220
7k-2k+5 7k2+2k-5≤ 0 (7k−5) (k+1)
the expression must Tine between -1 and
(Ans.)
Exercise 2
1. If the roots of tlie
·2·
equation x-ax+b=0 are two consecutive integers, prove that.
a =4b+1
2
If x is real, prove that the expression
must lie.
between two numbers,
Find the value of k so that the equation, ax-ċ k+1
will have 2 K-T
x -bx
equal but opposite (in sign) roots.
2
Given that x +qy and px+qv=1
(1) Find and quadratic.
equation in x-în terms of p and q. (ii)Prove that the
roots of the quadratic equation in (i) will be equal if p+q=1.
5. Prove that, if a,
andic are real, the roots of the equation. (b−c) x2+(c-a)x + ( a − b ) =0 are also real.
Given that the
equation a
+2bx+c=0·
has real roots, and that m n are real numbers such that
2
> > 0, show that. the equation
2
ax+2wbx+nc=0 has. real roots.