頁二第張六第日九初月七年亥癸曆夏

1983

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Describe the externa]

and internal problems.

that Hitler faced in

1933-1939. What ways did Hitler use to try. to solve these problems?

The phrasing of this. question may be a bit strange to some of you, but basically the materials you have to include in

in your essay are what you would know The important thing is to discuss how Hitler tried to solve these problems. Note the following:

External problems that Hitler faced

In foreign policy Hitler had some aims in mind, and in 1933-39 he set out to achieve them with a number of methods and steps. It is therefore

advisable to point out

concisely Hitler's aims. When he tried to realize

WAH KIU YAT PO

these aims, he faced

some problems:

Aims

1. To free Germany from the restrictions and humiliations of tire Versailles: Treaty

2. To expand German

power into East. Europe.

Problems →

1. Members of the

French alliance.

system:opposing Germany - Beginning from the early 1920s, France made alliances with small countries: neighbouring Germany so as to prevent the revival of German power. These countries included Beligumi.

Czechoslovakia and... Poland. When Hitler came to power,.

France and her allies were very suspicious. Hostility of Soviet Russia and unfriend- liness of Italy: Soviet Russia was hostile to Germany

·because of the

conflict between communism and capitalism Fascist Italy, on the other

hand, feared the

growth of German power in the first half of the 1930s.

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So both of these countries watched.

Germany closely. For example, Italy. watched Germany's intention in Austria.. If Germany tried to annex Austria, Italy would intervene.

Limitations of the Versailles Treaty For example, Germany could not expand her military forces under the treaty. The Rhineland had to be demilitarized.

Steps which Hitler took to solve these problems -

1. To break the French.

alliance systems. Hitler made agree- ments with France's allies one by one in an effort to dissolve any cooperation between them. For example, before marching on. Austria. in 1938, Germany promised Czechoslovakia security. Before ennexing -Czechoslovakia:

特電校報

·Germany promised Poland the same thing. In other worday Hitler turned. the table and triet to isolate, France

in returne

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The unfriendliness. of Italy was removed: with the Rome-Berlin

Axis Treaty of 1937. Germany and Italy became allies in this way. Then

Hitler could annex Austria in 1938. As for the hostility of Soviet Russia, Hitler made an

agreement with that country in 1939. promising not to attack each other. Then Hitler need not fear Soviet help for Poland and marched against the Poles later. Indeed, in an effort to break up the cooperation among the Western.powersy Hitler used different tricks and posed as

if he was a sensible, A peace-loving leader, Internal problems that

Hitler faced.

1. Opposition against

[itler within the Nazist Party.and. among military leaders - Although Hitler succeeded in becoming Chancellor in 1933, he still had many opponents. Roehm, Teader of the Storm Troopers (S.A. (the Nazist Party's private army), was

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one of these

opponents. When Hitler was fond of gambling in his

foreign policy after 1956, some military leaders feared that this might bring disaster to Germanyo Some.of. these leaders even plotted to overthrow Hitler.

d. Jews and communiata

Hitler had always héen deeply: influenced by ideas. of anti-Semitism

(anti-Jewish ideas) To him, the. communists would sooner or later sel王 Germany to the USSR. 3. Politicians and

commoners who opposed Hitler People like intellectuals were in :particular

dissatisfied with

Hitlers dictatorial ruled

Economic development

to

- Hitler,wanted make Germany,self- sufficient so that there was not the need to rely on other countries. He wanted to give employment

to the German people, after the Great Depression..

5. State control over

Germany Hitler

wanted to

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that all activities

in Germany were under

his.control

Steps which Hitler took

to solve these problems

1. In 1934, Roehm and

other SA leaders and many Nazi opponents were murdered by Hitler's S.S (another group of his personal army). Then Hitler. made the army swear. a new oath of Loyalty to him as the Fuhrer. With successes in foreign ventures (such as the re- occupation of the Rhineland in 1935 and the annexation

of Austria in 1958) military leaders who opposed him were silenced or digmissed. By 1938 Hitler took over command of the who armed forces. By the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, Germany's 600,000- Jews were deprived of citizenship. They. were separated from other German people 5 (You.can easily, find materials relevant to tuis

part of the question.)

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