頁四第張八第 日四十月二十年戌壬曆夏 WAH KIU YAT
:rephrasings. if your rough copy has ̇a longer length than is required.
1983
中學會考試題預習專欄
英 文 (十九) 立基出版社釗活 濂提供資料
ENGLISH (19].
Dear Students,
Stephen Lau
Today, let's take a look at the question on precis writing in Paper IH. First of all, you must know the. ABC of precis writing: A for Accuracy," B: for Brevity, and C for Clarity. But | before we go into details with these) we'd better consider how to write a precis.. As you will notice in the follow- | ing procedures, many of them are: similar to those listed in last weelk's outline for comprchension, It is pretty obvious because precis writing involves not only your power of expression.but also your power of comprehension - |so please dorf't neglect the latter factor.
HOW TO WRITE A PRECIS
(1) Read the given passage carefully.
Try to grasp the theme of it. (2) Read the question carefully and make sure you really understand it. Partially understanding can be
hazardous or even disastrous.: (3) Re-read the passage, this time underlining all the important re- levant words on sentences.
(8) Pui down your final version on the answer sheet or answer book; Re- member to write clearly and tidily, and to check your work.
Apart from the directions given above, I have also included the answers. to.some.of.your prospective problems: PROBLEM.ORIENTED HINTS
(1) Is copying strictly forbidden and for.
heavily penalised?
Of course it is, if you copy indis- criminately or foolisldy, Indeed, intelligent copying is something which is really intelligent; you. won't lose many marks in accuracy (because you copy and one won't expect the passage to be wrong
·grammatically) on the one hand. and you'll usually express adequate. ly the points (because few. would: express the author's own idea better than his own words) on the other.
(2) Thèn what is intelligent copying?
(4) Jot down:relevant points on a rough worksheet. Use your own language as far as possible at this(3) stage::
(S) Make sure that all the points have been included, that they are really relevant to the question, and that nothing superfluous has been added in..
(6) Start writing a rough copy: hasing on the-points you have isted. Coherence is important..
Well, there are no hard arid fast criteria. But deleting certain parts of a sentence in the passage and puiting down the rest of the sen- tence, be it a phrase or a clause, on its, own on the answer sheet is certainly far from "being intelligent. Intelligent copying involves, besides all the ingredients of a good precis proper choice of material from the given passage and linking them tactfully Putting it simply, it is not the art of deletion; it is the art of remodelling....
What are the ABC of precis writing?.. Why are they important? A= Accuracy, B ="Brevity, C'= Clarity:
These three are all markworthy. If you are not. accurate and clear, you are sure to lose marks in accuracy and content. And if you are not brief, the excess stuff will receive.
no mark and it will also affect your presentation and content.
(7) Count the words in your roud (4) Could I add in. ny own comments
copy. Make necessary deletions and
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of personal opinion?
Never And you are not supposed. to. Your task is to interpret faith- fully and not to evaluate personally. the given passage. Remember it's a precis question, not a literature question:
(5) What should I omit?
Figurative language, descriptions) illustrations and examples. Their function is merely to support the central idea; so it is very unecone onical to use them in precis. Be- sides, no extra credit will be given for the inclusion of them. ··
After we've discussed how to write a precis and some hints, it's time we turned to a very important technique in' writing precis: ways of achieving. brevity;
(1) Replace clauses by phrases and
phrases by words...
Cortsider the following example. carefully::
The two women were on terms of The most friendly and intimate character, but they were not in terested in the same things, and the occupations in which each of them was engaged were of a very dif ferent nature.
(38 words)
This could conveniently be re.
written as follows:
The two women were intimate.
friends but their interests and Occupations were different.
(13words) (2) Omit examples, comparisons, con trasts, digressions, and mere details Here is a paragraph to exemplify this point::
|
四期星
(a) It was decided to allow only our own college students to participate in the seminar and to invite any external
(22.words):
not
participants.. Here and not to invite any external participants is un- necessary repetition, and the sentence can be rewritten brief fyas:
De nem a Participation in the seminar is limited to our students only. (10 words) Note here that the word only has already excluded other possibilities.
Depriving her of this month's salary is to make her go hun gry, make. her go without foot. and drink.
Here make her go without food and drink is a mere repetition: it.means nothing more than te go hungry
IMPORTANT:
日七十月一年三八九一曆公年二十七國民華中 育教嬌華:
Please note very carefully that the suggested ways of abridging sentences or paragraphs and their corresponding illustrating examples are in no way meant to be absolute, and should never be taken as such. You are urged to consider the question and the word limit in each case before you jump to it.
We now go on to see how the
theories: given above can be put into practice... I am giving: you one sample precis today. Please note how the: points are extracted from the passage, and how they are connected into a Fcoherent precis.
Explain in not more than 70 words why love should give way to tolerance in preserving peace and harmony.
My. mother brought home a bear tiful-jar On it was caved a night ingate. F huve always been-fusemited
| Most people when asked what by the song of a nightingale - iz is spiritual quality is needed to rebuild so sweet. Unfortunately the maid civilization, will reply. love' * Men must. dropped the jar. the very next love one another, they say; nations. morning and it was shattered to must do likewise, fee pieces:
'' "Respectfully, but firmly, I dis- agree, " Love is a great force in private: |life; but love in public affairs does not | work. SIt has been tried again and Jagain, and it has always failed: The
idea that nations should love one an- | other, or that marketing boards should love one another, or that a man in Iran
「打字機廉讓
JOLYMPIA
Here the subject of the paragraph is the jar...
Thave always so sweet is a mere
digression.
(3) Avoid unnecessary repetitions:
Again, let's consider some exarm pies:
|惠顧鹬電K 924982
K 38441654.
should love a man in Iraq or whom he has never heard is absurd, unreal, dan- gerous. ?It Beads us into perilous and vague sentimentalism. Love is what is needed, we chant, and then sit back and.the worid goes on as before, The: fact is that we can only love, what we know: personally. 10 And we cannot know many. In public affairs, in the rebuilding of civilization, something
much less dramatic and emotional necded, namely, tolerarice.
11
2 Tolerance is a very dull virtue; 1t merely means putting up with. people, being able to stand things. 14 No one has written an ode to toler ance; or raised a statue to her. f Yet this is the quality which is most needed: ro This is the sound state of mind which we are looking for. ?This is the only force:which will enable different.races: and classes and interests to settle down. together peacefully and harmoniously. NŪTES
(a). The question asks for the reasons
why love should give way to toler- ance in preserving peace and harmony, je. the reasons why. tolerance "better than love in preserving peace and harmony. So the first four sentences are irrele- vant: what people say and what the author believes do not concern
·us here, so long as these sentences " are assertions rather than reasons. (b) The first reason occurs in sentence
4, namely, love is. effective. in pric vate life and not in natiorial or international affairs
(c) Sentence 5 is again irrelevant. (d) Seitence 6 gives three examples to substantiate one idea: strangers of.
different nations cannot be ex- pected to love one another. Sentence 7 further supports. the. preceding sentence.
Sentence 8 is mere detail and hence ignored
Sentence 9 expresses the same idea iri sentence 6 in another way, and.. sentence 10gives another reason: we know only a few people and we can' Jove only them and not others whom we don't know personally. (e) Sentence 1F brings out tolerance.
(f) Sentences 12-17 tell us that
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although tolerance is usually neg. lected because of its dull nature, it is nevertheless important im|
and harmony. preserving. peace
Note that sentences 15 -17 are a little redundant, very emphatic as they are:
(g) 1 myself do not agree with all the l arguments in favour of tolerance "brought out in the passage. I do not, however, add in my opinion because my task is to make a precis. not an evaluation
So we now.have the following relevant points extracted from the passage.
POINTS
(1) love is only effective in private lifel (2) ft doesn't work in national and
' international affairs)
(3) strangers of different nations can't be expected to love one another (4) mere sentimentalism: (5) one can love only the few.onel
knows personally:
(6) tolerance is a virtue that is needed (7) but not, appreciated
come to the most impory We now tant step: writing. the final version ( have not attempted to give you the rough copy because it would not bel useful for you to study the rougti copy. You are, however, advised to write your own) Note how different points can be Incoporated into a single sentence by tlie use of conjunctions and the like:
PRECIS
Love may be a great motivating force in private sphere, but in national and international affairs, it is tolerance, not love, that is of supreme importance. We love only the few we personally know and it would be vain sentimental- ism to expect strangers of different nations to love one another, Tolerance : may be. a passive, unimposing and hence hardly. appreciated virtue, but it can enable nations to enjoy peaceful co- existence.
(70 words):
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