育教濟經
頁三第張六第日三廿月一十年戌壬
WAH KIU YAT PO
政策,否則通貨膨肌必 只增加百分之二
偉,除非維持貨幣縮」想」,本年的簋載容批坻加百分之三,但交紙址
-妻示:「但由於中央銀
一九八三年會是持續第五年出現赤字。:
·行家及貨幣市
·哈斯諾德說:他對此事的嚴重性「紅
贴足以證明以上兩個变一自行州減開支,以便使票價降低,他們在太蔥度,
BALDEXX 18.
不過,預料一九八三年的虧他仍高達十七至
說席主協空際國
司公空航國各 ㄓ
蝕麫會仍年今日
元美億十二
為
約
他說:世界各地
的航蔭公司,都極力一
1983
15.0
·化而聚會必須支付
公司將一機隊」現代
53) GE 哈默斯霍德說:
上述赤宇主要是航空
七億至二十億美ㄤ 雖然他們會「大幅度
公司,本年會虧蝕十
說:世界各地的航空
國際連協會主席
(CS2902
中學會考試題預習專欄
歷史 (十五)
Baur**
HISTORY (15)
Philip Y.L. Woo
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
To what extent was Chinese history from 1895 to 1911 deterained by external
factors?
This is a
foreign
a general question, but a general question may not be an easy question. You must clearly distinguish between relevant and irrelevant materials. Otherwise you may end up writing a plain
chronology in which every historical fact from 1895 to 1911: is included
which is impossible in view of the time limit, and which is dissastrous,
SCOPE
The key word "determined" is just another word for. " caused". So you are. asked to discuss the causes of historical events in China in the period. These events were caused by both external and internal factors. You should ask yourself What were the foreign, external factors and how did they lead to or bring about, the events? Were these external factors alone sufficient to cause the events? If not, what other factors (internal factors, that is to were there to contribute to the events? External or internal factors which were more important?
To make sure that your answer is comprehensive jot down the important events of the period, as follows:!"
The Sino- Japanese War 1894-95
The Treaty of
Shimonseki 1895
The Hundred The Scramble
Day Reform, for
1898
The Boxer
Uprising, 1900-01
The Late Matchu Reform, 1901-191
The 1911
Revolution
Concessions, 1896-1899
The Rus90- Japanese. War
1904-05
On the right column,
the eventa occurred internally in China, and on the right column,
CIEM
上述人士艾丽·
張實稱,阿根一刺异之勢,仍未能回落。 高振廷經濟部,這指出阿患廷的物價
斯艾莉斯 九六二年的物體批發指
驚人得賬通國阿
倍二逾高年去
K
产爲前年之百
一嶗腥率,
NHOR
上述人士先於官方
張息尙
第甜蘿
頁第濟
五消
the events on the.
international scene. Now
pick out each of the
events
column the right
and tune your
memory to its causes.
How many were external in nature? Similarly, pick
out each of the events. on the left column and
consider ita effecti
Why? Because
international
events
would likely have effects on the internal
developments of China,
which is therefore
exactly what the question requires.
the
Take this as an
example. One of the effects of the Sino- Japanese War (1894-95) was that the defeat of China led to some
to som Confucian scholars demanding institutional reform the Hundred Day Reform of 1898, So this is relevant. Another of us was that treaty led to the Triple Intervention in which Russia took part
therefore the begining of Russo- Japanese hatred that the end led to the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05). This is irrelevant, simply because this link has nothing to do with Chinese history itself. Make sure that every. fact or idea is relevant before presenting it. It is therefore advisable that while writing the essay you refer back to the question from time to time..
The following are the basic points you must include:
External factors are indeed important:
1. The Sino-Japanese War in 1894-95 stimulated reform
Hundred Day Reform, and revolutionary: movement led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The same war led to the Scramble for Concessions (1896- 1899) in China. The latter in turn hastened reform. (1898 reform) and stimulated
rebellion (the anti-foreign Boxer Uprising of 1900- 01).
3. The 1898 refor
basically caused by. the coming of the West to China after 1840.
Imperialism-
necessitated reform,
Introduction of reform ideas.
4. The Boxer Movement
basically
caused by the
coming of the West to China after 1860-
1. Presence of
foreign misatonaries in China led to anti-foreign feelings among
日,是一九七六年會見 經濟都所列出的數
分五,再下降兩個百分質下降百份之一點七,百分之四四一之類以來 底時,美國通穿越铖率一年我國極生產總値會實
之最高年壓還服率。俄
以來之最大诚喔。 础,而表丽利率亦將同一估計乃自四十年代中期
人於一九七六年發動了
時美國經濟危棖囘順之途於一九八一及
一九八三年特京,則本 REKESTE 20
#44HRSKEIE
● 港利事便會進一步下跌
, 此染是形成八十八
這些人士估計十二個月2 師張率高過官方之數, 非官方估計,指出通货。
·金融界人士所作的
二年間衰退之部份原因
來的通聚家,有高遠百南
渣打銀行經濟家一分三、3、4
conservative.
Chinese.
Western
imperialism. aroused
dissatisfaction
from Chinese:
officials. Economic imperialism in China created social-economic
crises.
5. The Late Manchu
Reform (1901-10). caused by the realization of the
unmistakable superiority after the Allied.
West
Expedition in 1900
201
6. The Russo-Japanese. War Japan's victory convinced China of the practical value of constitutional rule (as Japan adopted a constitution as early as 1849-90)
therefore the Ching court's decision for the late Ching. constitutional movement.
The 1911 Revolution
caused by
the hopelessness of the Ching dynasty as
demonstrated by Western
imperialism în China
the introduction of the western ide revolution, (In other words, just scree
your knowledge on
the period of Chinese history and select what you think are relevant points.)
II. However, internal
factors are also present, for example: 1. The Hundred Day Reform was, also caused by a
court.
gle for power
the Ch'ing
The Boxer Uprising
A. China had
always had un anti-foreign tradition. The social backgroung the Boxer... Uprising
social-economi crises also caused by the internal WEA decline of the Ching dynasty
which began
before the coming of the West.
3. Similarly, the Late
Manchu Reform was basically a Manchu attempt at checking
political decentra- lization (which also began before
the coming of the West).
Lastly, the 1911
Revolution was
partly caused by
the internal decline of the Ching (and Western imperialiam only hastened the
報日僑華
四期星
日六月一年三八九一圈公年二十七國民華中
TRR:
斯收市報四百四十九點 | 西倒,又反復降至三五 度发上三五一四全日放 五発元・上升一番二五〇一後長早市・下作班
低升三至四美元,飾金
·:週二倫敦黄金每綝價報高廿五元,稍後[ 六元,各月份期金結我的咋日九九全開市積 牌被改站。”三五○八,較前日收市一四八十三·處一手
至四美元,飾金牌價改高6. 僅十八元交投平淡。各月份期金結算價升三 收市價三四九九最高爲三五一四,波幅
港金升十六元
週三歐洲黃金開市價均報升
日本港九九金價上升十|總的來說交投仍然延平一手。六月四七二三,升四 【特訊昨〔五》作好成乳的反應,不過一月四六六,升四,升五 ,放五手。
十二月四九五,升四
升四,四手。十月 ,成七子。八月四八〇
会社江岡三千
H+NARR BEHRAM
类元。”......... 黄金每盎斯收市報瓯百〇五後又降至三四九六三十元。伯自念們每而, 蘇銘世岔合市野,市三四九九,升上三五六百七十元。較前 三千四百三十元,升
BAK BEOR
下降。 符並在一九八三年持續,則本港利率應會再 衹要美國經濟與通貨膨脹動向與預期相
市報四盲五十三點五美 元,开三點五美元,統一後第五, 較前已升克。 紐粉黃金得尖斯教動十六,被十八一價每十安十七110元, *本港白銀期貨收市
渣打銀行經濟月報預測
經濟專家預測,倘若現短暫戮强表示關注,他. 年整年的指數上累至百 快訊 疮打银行|將持,及對八〇年之一件百分之十點六,使去 SM FOR
港息將進一步下跌
【低息八元。
·據利率的耍動而對金市,升四,無成交,四 表示,近來金市缺乏新成交。二月四五九、升,敦開市價四到五 的因素影响,主要是根四,二手。三月四六美元,升五七五美元一 玆‧觀望者仍多。金商,較前日升四美元,無〇美元、升三美元的 盦弄,但隔有限 十萬美元。一月期氏楠 週三蘇黎世茂鑫 ,反映目前金市人心不靠價每安士四五六美元 市價每安士四五三 五 聯邦基金;下降,刺激 成交甘四毕,值一百二0及三〇五百元。 .金商說,由於英國金方面,至日共 收市價低分别ICL
·富格林金幣鮮安上
decline).
(Many of these internal
factors can be recollect-
ed if you think about the external factors more:
carefully.)??
TII. Conclusion
You can say tliat indeed Chinese... history in the period was to a large extent shaped by external forces, although many internal factors were also present and phived equally important rules. To fact, many of These internal:
veces were indirectly related to external ones.
The external forces. did not influence all China. Their
influence was mainly fa
felt along the coast and main rivers."
Thus to say that Chinese history in the period which covered all China and included all Chinese) was determined by external forces alone was misleading.,
PRESENTATION ---
There can be two approaches:
A. You can describe all the external factors first and then proceed to a discussion of the internal ones, as in the above plan. Or, you can analyse the external factors of an event and immediately remark that internal factors also helped bring about that event. Use relevant facts to support each of the points that you make For example, in
stating that the Sino- Japanese War (1894-95) stimulated reform in China, you should briefly mention how on knowing the news of the humiliating peace treaty, about 600 Con- fucian scholars petitioned the throne for institutional reform, the continued movement of which led to the 1898 Reform. If you happen to
Lapis series of
just ignore
them and find
other factual support for other points you will still be writing a good essay,
3. Time yourself
accurately. Don't spend, say, 30 minutes. out of 45 just on the Hundred Day Reform
alone, even though you
are well familiar with the topic.
經
濟 (十五
Economics (15).
K.E. Wong &. L.T. Chan Mill & Dale Press Ltd.
Population
1., Factors affecting the size of population
There are number:
of factors
affecting.
the size of population of a country
Ngroup of
individuals living in a natin makes up a population of the country. A population is always changing, depending on the rate at which its individual members reproduce, die or migrate. In other. words, the rate of birth, rate of death, and rate of nigration are the major factors determining the size of a nation's v
They are
population details:
described
as follows: (a)Birth rate. The size
of population is partly determined by: the rate of birth o its citizens. An country with high: birth rate increases its population size, However, birth rate is affected by the food supply and the living environment or
the place where they are situated. A country having sufficient supply of food natural by resources, fresh air and clean water, and aleg with good economic achievement and advanced technical skills usually tends to have a higher birth rale, since the environment is favourable enough for the reproduction of human beings. However, insome under- developed countries. the birth rates are high mainly because an increasing.
population size can supply more labour force for their production activities, as long as they are labour-intensive. (b)Death rate: The death
rate of a country depends on whether it can introduce modern administration improving law and order and -eliminating local warfare. Also, the introduction of modern transport,
communication, end distribution reduces
local fomines.
Furthermore, a country Introducing public health measures controlling diseases can reduce the dea thi rate, (c)Net migration rate: In each year, there are some peraons moving into a country from another country, and also some persons moving out of a country to live in another country. The former 's called. immigration, and the latter is known as emigration. The
balance of migration,
the difference between
immigration and migration,
is added to
the size of population of the country, However, the balance
of migration doza got
affect the
絰
total population of the world as a whole, Strict immigration laws prevent people move freely from one country to another.
In this case, the size of population of
country, is largely determined by the death rate and birth rate..
To conclude, the gize of a country's population is a combined reault of the three rates described above. The
size of population can become larger as the birth. rate is greater than the death rate while the migration is held constant.. II.Effects of population
chenges
The rapid growth of population has rosed many problems on the world as a whole. They are described as follows:
The problem of food, An increasing
population demanda for higher food
production. On the other hand, the quality of food and its nutritional value are both important to a country of rising living standards. Thus
there may exist a situation in which food is sufficiently supplied in one part of the world while people are starving elsewhere.
(b)The environment:
Population growth more or less related to the deterioration of environment.. quality, such an air and water pollution, depletion of natural resources, disposal of waste materials. It makes the solutions of environment problems
more difficult,
(c)Social problems: An
increasing population demands for: social service ranging from education and housing, medical and health, social welfare, to law and order. Besides, the concentration of people in urban areas makes urban planning. and administration. complex and difficult.
(d)Family health:
family having many children may adversely affect the relation in the family. educational
opportunities provided to the children, and. also parental care. IA turn, these will
affect the mental,
physical and
psychologicalTM
development of a child. A family of large size usually has unsatisfactory family. relationships and even a deterioration of. family life.