報日僑華
育教備僑頁三第張六第日七初月九年戌壬愿夏
WAH KIU YAT PO
1983
中學會考試題預習專欄
經濟及公共事務室
"ECONOMICS & PUBLIC
AFFAIRS
K.K. Wong & L.T. Chan
Mill & Dale Press Ltd.
Factors of production I. Factors of production Since production is defined as any activity directed to satisfy human wants by manufacturing goods and services with the assistance of available resources, the producers require a number of inputs in production, For
example, for growing crops, cultivated land, irrigation m
machinéry and workers are needed.
The
or inputs
in the
production process
are- termed factors of
production in
economics. They
include all the
productive resources. in human economy.
Therefore, factors of production can be defined resources
goods and services in order to satisfy- humans wants.
There are four factors of production, namely, land, capital, labour and
entrepreneur. Land and capital are called the non-human factors
vhere labour and the entrepreneur fre
called human factors. The production units
1983
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CHEMISTRY (5)
Reginald W. Chu
Mill & Dale Press Ltd,
Question 7
The set-up of
apparatus as shown below
is used to prepare sulphur trioxide in laboratory
anhydrous calcium chloride
catalyst
gixture
of Son & On
H9501
heat
ice+ water mixture
receiver
sulphur trioxide: crystals
(a) Give the equation of the formation of sulphur trioxide.
(1) Give the name of a
suitable catalyst in the above reaction.
(c) What is the purpose
of passing the gasOUS
reactants through
cone H2SO?
(d) What does solid
(the individual
enterprisings are firms) could make full use of the factors of production by
combining them in the more appropriate way so as to achieve the greatest output and maximize the profit.
Land:
Land refers not only to the site where production activities. can be carried out, but also the natural resources made a available from the nature. Therefore land includes agricultural land industrial site, mineral resources, forests, mountains, seas, grasslands and
Land is
cline regarded as a⠀
often
free gift of nature because it is
provided for everyone in the society. Furthermore,
land
also limited in supply.
2. Capital:
Capital
those
resourcea or goods which are employed in every stage of production. Usually, the capital. goods are not needed directly for
immediate consumption and they are used for further stages of production to make consumer goods directed to the handa of consumers. Labour:
Labour refers to all actual effort, mental and physical, skilled and unskilled, applied to the production of
(e) Why is a drying bulb containing anhydrous
calcium chloride.
attached to the receiver?
(f) Only initial beating
of the catalyst is
needed and once the
reaction has started,
no more heating is required. What does
this tell you about
the nature of the reaction?
(g) Why does the catalyst
needed to be heated
at all?
(h) What volume of
sulphur dioxide, measured at s.t.p., would be reacted in
obtaining 3.2 g of sulphur trioxide? In Contact Process sulphur trioxide obtained is first dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid but "not directly in water. Why is this step taken?
Describe what would you observe, giving equations where appropriate, in each of the following- simple experiments.. (1) A mixture of
sodium chloride, manganese(TV) oxide and ? concentrated sulphuric acid is heated.
(ii) A mixture of
potassim.
nitrate, copper turnings and concentrated
sulphuric acid is
heated.
Question 8
sulphur trioxide look (a) What would you like?
observe on heating
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goods and services and for which payment to labour is called wages, Because labour is a human factor in production, the provision of labour. depends upon population, mobility of labour and the social and psychological aspects of the workers... 4. Entrepreneur:
Entrepreneur is a human factor separated from labour. Entrepreneurship refers to the organization ability and managerial skills in production. It is because the
entrepreneur have to combine and fully utilize the e other three factors of production în business decision- making. In other words, the
entrepreneur may be the industrialists or the managers in the production unit. He or she has to make vital decisions of policy regarding the method of production. to be employed and the quality of the output. In addition to receiving residual profit, the
entrepreneur bears the risk of production because firm may have the chance to suffer loss II. The law of
diminishing.
turns.
Supposing that the production of a commodity require two factors of production, land and labour. If successive units of a variable factor
gently some iron(II) sulphate crystals: (FeSO,
4 720) in a
dry test-tube?
The residue obtained
is (a) is then heated strongly and the gaseous products formed are dissolved
a distilled in some water in a boiling tube to give aolution X2 -
(1) Name the
substance(s)
present in the gaseous products?
(ii) Give the names of
the main ions present in the solution X and the equations of their formation. (iii) White
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precipitates are observed on adding neutral barium chloride solution into solution X. Name the compound(s) which might be present in the precipitate and give the ionic equation(s) for its/their formation, What would you
observe if an
excess of dilute. hydrochloric acid is added to the precipitate and the mixture is gently heated? Explain briefly, giving the equation(8).
(v) What left behind in the test-tube
after strong
heating is a
brown solid Y.
(1)What is the
reddish-bi
solid Yo
one whose amount can
六期星
very) are added to a given quantity of a fixed factor (one⠀⠀⠀ whose amount cannot be altered). The addition of more and more units of the variable factor will in the end lead
to a decline in the additional output resulting from the addition of an extra unit of the variable factors.
For example, in the production of wheat: we are using various alternative quantities of labour per unit of time to farm a fixed amount of land and recording the resulting alternative, outputs of wheat per unit of time.
The average product of labour (AP- ) is
then defined as total product(TP) divided by the number of units of labour used. The marginal product of Iabour (MP. is given
by the change in TP per unit change in the quantity of labour used. In
below landble
measured in acres labour in man-years and total product(TP) in bushels.
(2) |(3) (4) (5)
Land Labour TP AP. MP.
L
อ :0 ...0
3 3
3
8 4
12
15.3 3/4
17 5 2/5
17 2
16.2
13 1
(2)Give an
equation for its formation (3)Whet mass of
iron(II) -sulphate
crystals is required to give 3.2 g the solid Ÿ on strong heating? (4)A yellowish-
brown solution Z is obtained on heating gently solid Y with dilute sulphuric
acid, What is the solution Z and what is responsible for its yellowish- brown colour?
(c) (1) Name two simple
compounds composing of sodium, sulphur and oxygen atoms
(ii) Give the
respective oxidation numbers of sulphur in the two
compounds mentioned in (4). (iii) on reacting with
aqueous bromine solution, one of the two compounds mentioned in (1) is converted to the other. (1)With reference to the changes in the
oxidation
numbers, state whether
sulphur is
oxidized or
reduced in the above,
reaction.
(2)Give an
TRAPL
日三十月十年二八九一圈公年一十七國民華中
According to the diagram,
the MP,
rises at first, reaches marinum (before the APL reaches its maximum) and then declines. The MP becomes zero
when the TP is
assumption that the state of technology is
given and that no
Tew
production methods are
întroduced during any.
period in which thie Law applies.
III.The application of the law of diminishing returns.
Labour Jon
maximum and negative when the TP begins to
decline. The following position of the MP
a sure illustrate the law of diminishing returns.
The law of diminishing returns states that if one factor of production is increased by small, constant amounts, all other factor quantities being held constant, then after some point the resulting increases in an output become smaller and smaller.
This law is propounded only on the
equation of the reaction.
(d) What would happen
when a large. copper(II) sulphate crystal is partly immersed in some cone sulphuric acid as shown below for some time? Explain briefly.
conc
H.SO,
Question 9
tent-tube
a large copper(II) sulphate crystal
(a) 2,64 g of a solid
pixture of ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate is weighed out into a flask
em
$350
of 0.5M potassium hydroxide solution and the mixture is then boiled so as to expel all the ammonia gas. The resulting solution is completely neutralized
of a by 12.5 cm solution containing sulphuric
19 bic
acid
dinetre (1)Write the
equations of
the reactions
involved.
(ii) Calculate the
composition by mass of the
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Land is subject to the law of diminishing returns.
Land is a factor which particularly suffered from
Land)
the law
of diminishing returns. If the certain quantity of the factor land is given, with the land the entrepreneur combines increasing quantity of land or capital. It is found that sooner. or later the addition of further quantities of labour and capital would result in diminishing returuS, As a result, the output per unit of the additional factors would be decreasing.
Other factors of productions are also subject to the law of diminishing returns,
Today, the theory. diminishing returns: retricts not only land in production, but also the other productive factors such as labour, capital and. entrepreneur. Because of the increasing. scale of production, the loss in production would be, more. possible.
original mixture (b) Four elements W, X,
Yand 2 have the
electronic structures
(G).1, [6].4, [G].6 and (G). 7
respectively, where (G) represents the electronic/ configuration of an inert gas.
(1) Using W, X, Y and Z as the chemical
symbols, give the
formula of g
(1) a compound
formed by W and Z
(2)a c
compound Q formed by W- and Yi
a compound R
formed by X
and Y
compound S formed by X. and Z
(ii) State the type of
bond present în the compounds Q and S
respectively. (iii) Using the
outermost shells only, draw diagrams to show the electronic structure of the compounds Q and S respectively. (iv) The element Z
actually consists of diatomic molecules under normal"
conditions.
(1) What would.
its molecular
formula most
likely be?
(2) Draw a
diagram to
show its
molecular
atructure.
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