真二第張六第日一廿月三年戌壬鏖夏
WAH KIU YAT PO
報日僑華
三期星
日四十月四年二八九一圈公年一十七國民華中
育教化文
高彼蒼石素
爸石
華僑文化
SWEDEN UN **卷期名易畫中「野心製甲攻鄰」,
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TECH
·謝賢作
(本月十四至十九日』民出藝術中心)
1982
中學會考試題預習專欄
地理
(廿七)
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Geography (27)
YY. Lee
MILL & DALE. PRESS LTD,
Question for Revision:
55. Below is a sketch map
showing a major economic change in China.
STARrial Output··
Describe and account for the regiona output in relation to the total before and
after 1949.
pre 1949
Industrial
CD past 1949-
output in...
on the total. relation:
Suggested Answers:
Distribution of
Industries in Pre-war
China
Prior to 1949, the industrial centres in China were mainly found along the coast in large trading ports; around railway junctiona în rich agricultural lands; and in the Northeast. The SW and NW were devoid of industries. Such a distributional pattern reflects the influence of the following factors: (1) Availability of
Capital
Before 1949, litt effort had been put in industrial development of the country. Owing to the poor and inadequate developments in communication and transport; the lack of knowledge and po or tecliniques in explor- ing and utilizing her stock of natural resources; and the lack of capital, all the chief industries in China had to thrive on foreign investment. The industries were,
therefore, concen-
trated in coastal regions and the trading parts, for instance, in Shanghai Wuhan and Canton. (2) Supply of Raw Materiale
Industries were also found around railway junctions in the east for the ease of transportation and abundant supply of agricultural products. Silk weaving and augar cane milling were found in Canton vlere mulburry leaves and sugar-cane were widely grown. Similarly, there concentratious of textile and silk- weaving factories in
were
Shanghai, cotton- textile and flour wills in Tientsin,
Harbin, Changchun,
Mukden and Darien, (3) Supply of Power
Resources
Heavy industries. were mainly concen- trated in N and NE China where large
coal and iron
gerve
reserves were found. Aushan, Mukden and Fushun in the NE, and Tayeh in the central south owed their origin to the rich
power reserves.
Consequently, the SW and NW, being situated far from tue. coast, with inconvenient transport- ation, lack of capital and insufficient power reserves due to the unexplored reserves, were completely devoid of industries.
Post-war Changes in Industrial Locations
Large scale development of industry in China dates from the communist. period beginning in 1949. Nation-wide industrial development scheme vere. drawn up, not ouly to preserve, consolidate and revitalize the existing industries, but also to facilitate the establish- ment of new industrial centres. A nev locational pattern of industry oppeared, Industries are no longer confined to the eastern coast. There are dispersion of decentrali- sation from the eastern centres towards the interior.
(1) Government Policies
In 1953, the First Five Year Plan was inaugurated along the guidelines of the: Soviet pattern, It planned to expand and reconstruct the beavy industry in particular form and steel at Anshan, Paotow and Wulan. In addition, emphasis was laid on the
setting up of new plants near sources of raw materials and development of the interior regions. 852 industrial projects were introduced during the first. plan, 550 of them were set up away from the coastaa
(2) Improvement of
Agricultural in the Former Unfavourable 1.ind
With the agerian reform and the establishment of COMERNES, margin lands were open up. The rise in agricultural produce. tivity in these areas has in turn encour-
aged the development of industry, The industrial develop-. ment of Sinki ang can be cited as a good
example. Cotton
(3) The Exploitation of
New Natural Resources
The great effort put in the exploitą- tion of new resources has great effort on the change of the locational pattern, too. The opening up of oil-fields in western Sinkiang, which was accompanied by highway construc- tions, has encouraged the establishment of industries there. The Szechwan Basin, which has emerged as a new industrial power too, is aided by the opening up of new of fields at Nanchung, I.E.P in the Min Eiver, and the exploitation of phosphorus and allumina in the western part.
54
As a result, the Manchuria and E China. which used to account for the greatest percentage of industrial output in. China, declined in their relative. importance, giving place to the interior regions, such as the Central Yangtze and Szechwan, and the remote region Sinklang.
Diagrams A and B of the following figure show the changes of the relative import: ance of the three major activities agriculture, light and heavy industry- in Cbina in 1949 and. 1970. Describe and explain the -changes
the relative importances of: industry during that period.
Relative Importance of Three Major Activities. in China (by value
A. In 1949
Agricul- ture 70%
R. In 1970
Heavy Industry:
45.7%
Heavy Industry
Li glit Industry
Agricul
türe
29.85
Light Industry 33.5%
Suggested Answers:
The graphs show that during 1949-70, there was a rapid decrease in the relative importance in the agriculture sector but a rapid increase in the industrial sector, especially heavy industry which experienced the greatest increase in importance.
Reasons for Unimportance
textile. has sprung up of Industry in Pre-war
following the
establishment of new cotton plantations at Urunchi, Hami and Turfan. Medicine manufacturing at the medicinal herß
producing part of Szechwan is another example.
China
Large scale development of heavy industry needs a lot of power resources, metallic and non-metallic minerals. Before 1949, China concentrated on the development of agricul- ture. Industrialization appeared to be difficult.
at that
time.
It may be
due to the poor and inadequate developments
in communication and transport; the lack of knowledge and poor techniques in exploring and utilizing her stock of natural resources; and the rapid increase in st population which resulted in a huge demand for food that capital could by no means be easily accumu-- Flated for the pursuit of
industrialization. In these pre-war years, all her chief industries had to thrive on foreign. investment. Heavy industries were found chiefly in North and Northeast China where coal and iron could be found, light, industries were scattered in sea- ports and around railway junctions in the east, where transportation is easy and particular kinds. of agricultural products are freely availabley Reasons for the Rapid Development in Recent Years:
After taking over of the Communist Government, a nation-wide industrial rehabilitation develop- ment scheme was drawn up. It planned, on one hand, to preserve, consolidate and revitalize the existing industries. Thus the heavy industries in the northeastern provinces have been rehabilitated most rapidly and soon undergone great advance- zent. On the other hand, a combined effort to explore new natural resource side, with the development in commuri 1– cation networks and to facilitate industrial development was stressed. Examples of this linked development of local natural resources and industry are many. The opening up of oil fields such as those in V, Siukiang has made the. development of heavy Industry in Urumchi possible. New oil field at Taching, the active mining of coal, reserves. in N. China and the improved technique in exploitation of iron in Anshan, for examples, have helped the northern and northeastern
provinces undergo a more more rapid development. Newly developed source regions. of hydroelectricity have even greater impact on industrial development. The Liuchia Das to the west of Lanchuw, for example, has
encouraged the industrial develop ment in Lanchow,
metallic and
non-metallic
minerals, such as alumina and phosphorus in Western Szeclivan las furuished the development of consumer goods
manufacturing; and other
light, industries t00%
生物 (廿七)
|明德出版社梁永華 提供資料
Light industries have undergone rapid advance- ment, too. With the
agarian reform and the establishment of communes much agricultural labour has been released and entered into industrial labour force. Produc- tivity in agriculture has been raised and this in turn has led to the expansion in food process- ing industries. Other examples such as cotton textile industry, has sprung up following the establishment of new cotton plantations at Urunchi, Hami and Turfan, The exploitation of
BIOLOGY (27)
W.W. Leung
Mill & Dale Press Ltd.
REVISION
7. The diagram below.
shown an experiment on the transport in plant. 11 hours later, a vertical section of the upper part of the stem showed distinct red area §,
moistened filter
paper
•& herbaceous
Stim...
each time
(2) size
(3) shape
(4)mobility (5)food reserve:
|(4)(1)on which structure of the system does fertilization
occurs
(2)What adaptation is
found on this structure to asaist the movement of tho egg cell?
(c)What happens to the
wall of Y after ovulation if
(1) fertilization does
not occur.
(2) fertilization has
taken place.
Anevera.
(a)The xylem tissue (b)The upward movement of
the red ink solution is due to (1)capillarity of the
xylem vessels. (2)the pulling force.
(c)
red ink -Solution
areas.
(a)Name the tissue
vas stained red.
(b)Explain why the red.
ink solution can move upward in this tissue.
(c)The loss of water from
the moistened filter paper cannot truly.. represent the loss of vater from the leaf, Give two reasons. (d)State one practical precaution when setting up the apparatus.
8..
diagram below is the urino-genital system of a woman
(a)(1)Name structure X.
(2)8ive two functions
of X. (3)Which structure in
man is equivalent to structure X. (b)(1)Name structure Y.
(2)Give the function(=) of B during the 1 development of the embryo...
(e)Compare the gamete produced in X with those produced by man with reference to the (1)number discharged
produced as water evaporates from the moistened filter paper.
1)The loss of water from the leaf can be regulated. (2)Water is lost
through tiny pores on leaf surface rather from the whole surface,
(d)The stem should be cut under water is prevent air-lock.
8.
(8)(1)Ovary
(2)1:It produces egg
cells.
2.It produces sex.
hormones which control the development of secondary sexual characters.
(3)Testis,
(b)(1)Uterus
(c)
(2)It provides a place
where the me broyo: develops. It
protects the embryo. It forma placenta through which the embryo exchanges material with the maternal body.
egg cells sperm
cells
No. distan
charged each
Million
time
Size
Large
Small
Shape
Sphere- like
Tadpole -Tike
move
about
Can Lavin
MobilityCannot
Food reserve
Large amount
(d)(1)The oviduct
(2)The internal
Limited
surface is made up of ciliated cells which push the egg
cell down" the oviduct.
(e)(1)The vall of y
begins to disintegrate. (2)The wall of Y
become" thicker.