1982-04-10

報日僑華

WAH KIU YAT PO

日十月四年二八九一厮公年一十七國民華中

KAAKAKAKA-

華僑經濟

XXXXXAKEA

萬三千七百九十三件。可額外增如女用外套十四萬五千二百七十八件, 裙子五十三萬九千三百二十六件以上及上龙四十一

·限制放質之後,自摸今年對美國的出口量將

以及上衣八十二萬八千件。襄二十萬三千件、撥子四十七萬一千九百一十件、一九八二年原定的對美出口配額滿:女用外

印度輸美成衣限額

定放寬對印度女用外套、梆子及上衣的進口配額 (ESE)1097714 › KADK

此爲雙方談判結果. 女裝衣服額外增加

Suggested Answer:

Hong Kong and Japan are now important industrial countries in Asia, Both of them experienced rapid industrial growth in the last 25 years. A compari- son and contrast of the advatures and disadvan- tapes the two countries possess can be made as follow:

Advantages:

Historical factors

In Hong Kong, Findustrial development.

was a totally new phase of economy

emerged in the city since 1949. The turn was chiefly benefited

by the political

changes in the

surrounding areas. Before 1949, the economy of Hong Kong ruinly relied on entrepot trade, în which, goods from and to China composed tlie largest sector. But the the clianges in China herself and the embargo on trade with China imposed by the western countries during the Korean. Vär had led to a dramatic decrease in the import-export trade with China .Tyne he becoming envious that the colony could no Fonger rely on entrepet trade and bad to develop a new type. of productive activity to support the growing population. The

shanti na türded na be inlustrialization.

The case in Japan is quite a different one Although rapid.

industrial growth is also a post-war phenomenou, the country had already laid: the basis for industrialization before the. World War.

which meant also ae curïulation af technical experioncë, of course promised the country a good start in industrialization. Yet the Wars in Korea and Indo-China have. also helped a lot. because the USA goverment bought cheaper ammunition and other requirement From Japan.

historica

2. Supply of power-

resources.

Both Hong Kong and Japan are relatively poor in the supply of pover resources for

industrial development.

In Hong Kong, no coal or petroleum is found,

and there is no swift-.

flowing and large

river to produce

HI,E.P. Fortunately,

the problem can be

easily alleviated hy

its being a route

focus in the world, Adequate coal, petroleum and natural gas are supplied by ocean transport,

In Japan, the stock of energy resources also in a large

JS.

measure meagre. Among the three common forms of power resources) I... is the most

promining. For coal. the reserves are limited and are mostly poor în quality. Petroleum sup; lies are insufficient to riect the increasing demand. Thus, Japan has to rely considerably on the importation of power resources from other countries, especially oil from Middle East. Supply of raw materials

Similar to the supply of pover resources, Hong Kong produces scarecely any significant

cant quantity of raw materials for industry; However, contributed by her good harbour and well- equipped facilities for distant oceanic transport, importation of raw materials from. Mainland China as well as other countries is

easy.

Japan is also seriously short of industrial raw materials, but this does not cause great difficulty in her. industrial development too, as it is not far from other Asiatre countries which are always good ray. material suppliers, raw materials" can be easily obtained, e.t. rubber audrin from. Malaysia, cooton from, India and Pakistan. Transportation system

The Victoria Harbour is perhaps the Freatest physical endowment of Hong Ko It is an excellent natural harbouration. water is deep, it is well-sheltered, on alF sides, with small fidal range and is well facilitated. Such a good harbour, Ingesler wi12 Le up-to-date container cargo service; Lts situation in the world main routes; its freedon from import duties on most goods and its efficients marine police, all have helped a Fat in alleviating many of the problems, They “ renders of easy importa tion of raw materials: and exportation af

inished products. Internal transport is also covenient. tinking up the industrial sectors on With Fides of the harbour, ferry boats. are in regular services. services. For Land

transport, flyovers, tunnels are constructed.

main roads,

Transportation in

Japan is excellent too. Despite the hilly nature of the country. roads are constructed along the coast to link up the industrial regious. Ter cheape oceanic transport also facilitates the import, of raw materials and power and the export of manufactured

goods. 15. Supply of labour

The early industrial development of long Kong was "favoured by the spectacular influx of refugees from : Mainland China. The dense population!" provides sufficient labour, both skilful and unskilful. fat

Tu dapan, people are. mostly concentrated in great cities such as Tokyo, Osaka änd Nagoya, The large. population of these cities also provide. Large reservoir of Labour to work in the facturies, Besides, due to the early start of industrialization,. the labour force, in Japan is qui te skilful and is ve Il known for. imitation."

by Capital

Capital is sufficien£in Hong Kong for the develop- ment of industry. It is partly due to the Targe amount of capital viich was carried down from Ching by the immigrants.

Besides

túč political⠀⠀ stability of Hong Kong its.

s relatively low income and profi faxes and its cheap

ard.

abundant labour also attræet in

foreign, rapit. 20

£løs into the cehézny:

Capital is abundant in Japan, too. The S successful birth control in the country ins stovered, the population growth rate and reduce funily.

thus a Farge portion of household incone cán be reserved

savings and is encouraged to intest in the industrial sector. Financial aid from the United States has been a drive of the post-war

industrial growth of Japon tea, Hereoter large amount af foreign capital is Salso obtained as

attracted hy her cheap and skilful Labour Marke

The dense population in Hong Kong forms a very good local market. For the external market, Hoog kong gonds are generally welcome by other countries and are popular because, of top-class quality and competitive prices, In spite of the quotas. set up by the f.kiand USA etc., Hong Kong still finds large external markets in other countries, such as those in South Anerican, Africa, Middle East and SE

Asia.

Besides, being

a member of the

British Commonwealth, Hong Kong enjoys British Commonwealth Preference..

Large market is also available in Japan, both internally

externally, fler dense population with high consumption, power forms, good internal market. The developing countries in Asia form favourable foreign markets for the

Japanese manufactured

goods Pasily find large markets in North America and other countries as

as well. Encouragement and efforts of the Government.s

At the same time, government of both the twn countries have done much in encourag- ing manufacturing. In Hong Kong, Fands were allocated for the development of Industrial satellite towns, the water- supply systems was improved, and the governmerit also participates in the various trade fairs to introduce

to other

of Hong ods

countries.

⠀ In Japan, vast

amount of surplus in the national income has been ploughed back in the development of public utilities, such as in the construction of highways and railways, harbour facilities and water supply projects, which have, in turn, induced development of private enterprises in great strides.

Disadvantages:

However, there are also unfavourable factors which the two countries have to face. The most important ones are: f. Limited Industrial.

Land Supply

Both Hong Kong änd Japan suffer from limited industrial Jand supply because

nature

of their in order

In Hong Kong

to solve the problem, the government has heen trying her best to provide new land, mainly by levelling

the hills and - reclamation. Similar works are done in

sapan foo...

Shortage of Haw Materials ind Poker Resources.

Although the shortage of ray materials for industrial growth can he offset by the convenience, in trans- portation as discussed Chefore, however,

this cannot cut the problem to the roột. Too much dependency on other countries Is?. nevertheless, not

secure at all, such as the present energy. crisis certainly gives a heavy blow upon their development.

52. The large scale:

devë) aptent of industry in China Targely dates from

the communist períod

beginning in 1949, Many new industrial. regions are developed under the recent industrial policy of China, However, Urumchi, the western of Sinkkang province of

hegan its industry in the late 50's.

al Give an account of

the drawbacks which hinteréd the development of Urumchi before Tate 50's

List the favour-m ables factors of the recent industrial development

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