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Artesian Well
Artesian well is a boring put down into an aquifer in an artesian
basin; if the outlet of a well is at a lower level
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GEOGRAPHY (15)
Y.Y. Lee
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
Questions for Revision:
29. With the aid of large,
clear diagrams, give the differences of the underground water in the form of GEYSER and ARTESIAN WELL.
ANSWER:
DIAGRAM SHOWING THE WORKING : OF': GEYSER
Reservoir of heated ground water
Steam accumulated
Superheated steam (these heated up the ground water)
Downward movement
of water
DIAGRAM SHOWING THE WORKING OF THE ARTESIAN WELL
Rain
Artesian well
Water table
Aquifer (permeable reck)
Impermeable rock. Impermeable rock
Water table
Characteristics:
Geyser:
Geyser
is an intermit-
tent fountain of hot water ejected from a hole in the earth's crust with
considerable force, accompanied by steam. Some geysers erupt at
regular intervals, other
more irregularly and
water will rise in the well under hydrostatic pressure.
Mode of Formation:
Geyser
From the mouth of geyser, there is usually a vent or
a large fault line penetrates deeply
earth. The vent into the ear and cracks around are filled with water. Super- heating in the long, bending vent by hot lava causes the build-up of water pressure at a temperature above 100 c, until suddenly part is coverted into super- heated steam, and the water in the upper part. is violently emitted. Cooler water fills up the vent again and the entire process goes on in a cycle.
Artesian Well:
Artesian well
special type of well.
There must be three layers of rock, with the
known as geo-thermal power.
Artesian Well:
| Water trapped from the
artesian wells mostly
serves as drinking water for livestocks. It is unsuitable for use as Irrigation water since it contains too much dissolved mineral salts which poison the crops. Location of Occurrence:
Geysers
Geyser occur in volcanic region. The best known examples are those of New Zealand, Iceland, and Yellow-stone National Park, U.S.A.
Artesian well.
Artesian wells are found in artesian basina. The best known artesian area is the Great Artesian Basin of Australia. Another large one is in the Great Plains of the United States Kansas.
from W. Dakota to
is a
1400 -300
200
-200
300
400·
permeable layer or
aquifer lying between two impermeable layers, and they must be in a shallow synclinal basin or dip in the same direction. The layer of permeable rock is exposed at one or both ends in a rainy region. Rain falling at the outcrops passes through it and is trapped because of the impermeable layers above and below it. Gradually, the underground water in the permeable layer will increase and the water- table will rise. If a well is drilled into the aquifer, vater will gush out provided that the pressure is enough.
Nature of Water:
Geyser;
· The water emitted from
a geyser is usually trapped locally. It seeps down through the vent or fault lines in the area.
Artesian Well:
The water trapped in the aquifer of an artesian well is the, rain water falls at the rims of the basin, usually far away from the Well.
Uses of Water
Geyser:
The greatest use of the
boiling water is
piped to
-600
500
Contours in metres.
spring
A
B.
C
swallow hole dry valley.
a. What is the main type
of rock that made up the region?”
b. Account for the
formation of the characteristic features A and B. Name the features you would expect to see. underground at B.
ANSWER:
Name of the rock. The area is mainly made of up of limestone.
Formation of the characteristic: features:
A Spring
It is a vauclusian spring formed where limestone overlies and impermeable rock layer such as clay or shale. The joints of the overlying limestone are easily opened up. It is partly due to its previous nature and partly its chemical composition. The well-developed
joints of the rock
allow water to enter easily. The water, especially rain water which is usually
slightly acidic as carbon dioxide in the air has been dissolved, acts actively upon the rock. Joints are therefore widened by solution and caves and underground channels are thus developed down to the imper- meable base of the formation. The latter holds up the water and allows it to drain out as a spring on the scarp slope.
B
→ Swallow Hole In limestone area,
the intersecting points of the major joints may be widened. by solution to form vertical openings, Such shaft-like openings are called awallow holes through which surface streams enter..
Features expected tỏ be seen underground at B.
Underground at B, the swallow holes may lead to the opening of tunnels and under-
ground. caverns, inside
which stalactites,
stalagmites and under-
ground streams may be found.
物(十五)
·期塑
生
明德出版社梁永華 提供資料
BIOLOGY (15)
WW Leung
Mill & Dale Press Ltd.
Unit 10. Integration and
behaviour
3. The folloving di ögaʻan is a vertical section. through the skin of mammal.
(a)What are the primary
functions of the
日八十月一年二八九一暨公年一十七國民中
mammalian skin?
(b)Which structures shown
in the diagram are
found only in mammals?. (c)Name two structures which are mostly concerned with reducing the temperature of the body when it becomes: overheated. (d)Describe briefly the
way in which the structures in (c) help. to reduce the body temperature. (e)Name structure X and give its function, (f)(1
Name the vitamin that can be synthesized by hunan skin. (2) State the
environmental factor which is necessary for this synthesis
The following diagram
illustrates the structure of nepiron
glomerulus
space
collecting duct
Loop of Henle
(a)What structure
surrounding the tubule is absent in the: figure? (b)Whichi blood vessed, X
or Y, carries blood away from the glomerulus? (c)Explain why water and
dissolved substances tend to pass from the glomerulus into space
(d)What is the importance
of the highly coiled form of parts M and 0? (e)Explain why the loop.
of Henle of an animal Living in desert is Longer than the same species living near the water. (f)What are the
importances of the activities of the nephrons to our body? (g)Give 4 differences
between the fluid in space M end. that
in
the collecting duet.
JANSWERS:
(a)(1)For mechanical
protection..
(2)For the reduction
of water loss from
the body by evaporation. (5)For protection
against the invasion of micro- organisms.
(b)|[air
and sweat gland.
(c)Sweat gland and blood
capillary.
(d)The sweat gland
secretes
es sweat which passes up the sweat anet onto the surface of the skin. As the sweat evaporates, it tokes latent heat from the body and this helps to reduce the body temperature. The blood capillaries dilate to allow mure blood to flow to the
surface. As a result, more heat is lust to the atmosphere by radiation and convecti ón. )Sebaceous gland. I¤
produces, an oily
material
to make the
hair layer water- proof
(f)(1) Vitanin D.
(2) Iltra-violet of
the sunlight:
(a)A capillary network- (b)X
(c)Since X has a smaller
lumon than Y, a hydrostatic pressure
is produced when blood passes from Y to X. The pressure forces. water and dissolved
substances to pass from the glomerulus space M. (d)This provides a
greater surface for reabsorption. "This also allows a longer time for reabsorption. (e)The longer loop of
Henle allows more. water to be, alisorbed and therefore a better water conservation. (1)To excrete netabolic
wastes and to maintain the osmotic pressure of the body fluids/ osmoregulation.
Fluid in space M
Fluid in collecting
ust.
glycerol
with glucose with little. glycerol, fatty acids and amino
acids.
glucose, fatty acids and. anino
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