頁二第張六第日一十月二十年酉辛雕夏
WAH KIU YAT PO
1982
「中學會考試題預習專欄
elaboration) is lacking. 2, Vagueness
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HISTORY (12)
Philip Y,L. Woo
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
Narrative and argument
You will notice that there is much difference between writing a plain account of something
(such as reports on newspapers) and writing an analysis of something such as argumenta in a debate). Because in examinations you are required to write an essay, not a report, you have to employ an argumentative tone, In recent years, the questions that you would come across often
consists of two parts: one more descriptive, the other more argumentative, in nature. Consider the following passage, which tries to explain the. reasons for the success of the Meiji Moderniza- tion (the numbering is just for reference):
1.Japan was not a feudal country by the 1870s. 2.The different reform programs were cárried out. 3.The Japan- ese people were loyal to the Emperor, but the Emperor was advised by
some Meiji leaders known Free 4.The
2.8
were very useful
indeed, 5. That is why Japan was able to defeat China in 1893 and Russia in. 1904. 6.The wars had very far-reaching
consequences for the East Asian international
conditions. 7.The Japan- ese people had been very much influenced by the
tradition. China was the opposite. 8.She was corrupt and bad, 9.On the other hand, Japan liked westernization
station very much.
10.Even in the Tokugawa perioù, "Dutch learning" was popular. 11.Through Nagasaki, Western know➡ ledge imported Dutch traders into Japan,
The people and the government enjoyed good unification. 2.The Funda- mental Law on Education of 1872 estabislied.
national coll over 1.
education, and and compulsory education was introduced...
"This passage has many weaknesses, as follows: 1. Indirect discussion
The first three sentences, for example, were plain statements in which the writer fails to point out exactly how they contribute to the success of moderniza- tion. Also, an
elaboration of the two
statements (see below.
for the meaning of
The fourth sentence in very vague; it leaves the marker wondering what it actually means.
3. Side-issues.
報日僑單
arrange the different factors for the Meiji success in a logical manner. He may be even uncertaingas to what exactly those factors are. Consequently, he writes as bits and pieces of ideas and facts (some relevant, others not quite) come up in his mind.
Consider this passage, which also the explains why the Meiji Modernization was successful:
That Japan succeeded
in defeating China and Russia (in the fifth sentence) is an example to show the
Meiji success in modernization,
reason for the success. One can mention this, but
one must not treat it as a major point,
Irrelevancy once
The sixth sentence ia irrelevant.
point perhaps
candidate of d
Now
Japan had been used to borrowing from other culture even before 1868. The popularity of "Dutch. learning" which was
the Western knowledge import- ed into Japan in the Tokugawa period, was an illustration. Such a tradition facilitated the acceptance of moderniza- tion in Meiji times.
it happened to come across his mind. In other words, he is not in firm control of the writing of the essay.
Carelessness
In the seventh sentence, the candid- ate has originally vanted to say the Japanese people had very much been influenced by the tradition of culture borrowing" Owing to carelessness, he left out the last three Words and made the whole sentence incons
prehensible. The same happens to the fifth sentence, Japan defeated China in 1894–95, not 1893. And in the last sentence of the 1st paragraph, the candidate has wanted to say "Dutch
traderà imported western knowledge "into Japan" but reversed the object and subject. 16. Inappropriate words -
"In
In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the candid- ate has wanted to say
general, Japan enjoyed good social and political unity. That is why her modernization was successful", However, he fails to explain how, and he mistakes "unification". for "unity". The marker is left wondering whether or not the sentence refers to Japan's abolition of feudali am and national unifica- tion, which is a repetition of the first sentence of the first paragraph, Plain description
The last Tonks more like a description of the Meiji education than an analysis of the faetora for the Meiji modernization's
success.
sentence
8. Overall elusiveness
In organization, the whole passage is elusive, sentences seem separate state- ments without a
systematic and logical line of analysis. The candidate is unable to
3. The slope of x + 1 = 0 in
A. B. 90° C. 0°
OR
初中成績評核預習
雄風出版社:
4. The slopcaf y + 1
數學
十四
MATHEMATICSTM 14
The distance between 2y
and -3y 6 = 01:
A. Q B. 1 G. 2 D. 3 B. 4
The mid-point of AB 18 (1,2),
Alo (4,2), then Bie
A (-2,-2) D.. (2,-2)
D. (-2,0) E. (0-2)
(-2,2)
5. If with slave 0 and passen
through origin, than has equation (is)
Go x-axis, De Jeuxin Eu`y«x.
6, đt 1 with inclination 90° and pasAID.
through origin, then 1 has equation (58)
A. X+1 B. yétæ✪ C. x-axis
D. J-axis E, yax
7. The centroid of ABC with verticna
4(-1,2) B(4,77.0(0,9) da
In other respects, too, the pre-1868 conditions had already laid the basis for the post-1868 success in aspects like military modernization, industrial expansion and educational development, The Meiji Restoration in 1868 provided a new, enegetic and progressive leadership that made the whole-hearted decision to modernize the country from
above. Unlike China which was burdened by a declining dynasty, Meiji Japan had the pre- condition: for successful modernization as early as 1870. When feudalism was
Jabolished and a centrali zed structure of govern- ment emerged in 1871, Japan was well-equipped to get rid of her back- wardness.
The modernization programmes themselves: were comprehensive and were carried out at the..
same time. The central government, of course, made the decision for doing so and adopted a flexible and practical strategy. Basically, however, it was strong social and political: unity in society and government, together with the people's enthusiasm for modernization, that explained the Meiji success as a whole.
Notice the following: 1. The points in the
passage are arranged in roughly chrono- logical order: the pre-1868 factors, the importance of 1868, and the post-1868 factors.
二期星
ERONOMIC (12) K,K. Wong & L.T. Chan
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD. Supply
I. The definition of
supply
Supply refers to the total quantity of a commodity that will be made available to the market at a given price, over a given period of time.
The supply of a commodity depends mainly upon the. business decision made by the entrepreneur in the industry.
Just as demand is not the same as need, the quantity of supply does not only take to mean the existing
stock in the market. It represents the amount of a good or service which is ruled by the price at a certain period of time II. Supply Curve
There is a tendency for a seller to put a greater quantity of goods and services into the market at a higher price than at a lower price.
The following" diagram shows that a firm called a will. supply "greater quantity of the product as price
becomes higher. Price Per Unit of a Commodity
300
2. Efforts have been made
to point out
2.30
more
2:30
explicitly and clearly
how the factors
contributed to the Meiji success in modernization. This is what we call to-the- point presentation.
(to be continued next
time)
經濟 (+=>
A. (0,6) B. (1,6) G. (2,6)
D. (3,6) E (3.18)
8. If three pointa (k,3), (2,4) & (1,2)
are collinear, then ku
A. 2 B1 C. D. mj
E.
9. ABCD is 'parallelogram with À{~5,10)
B(-15, -10), D(5,5), then C has
coordinates
ho (15,25) B. (15,-25) G. (-15,25) D. (-15,-25); E, none of them
For No. 10-15
(11): x+y=0 (L2)sx+1=0 (L3)=y-jo
10. Which of the straight line(s) kina
(have intercept(s).
A. (61). B. (12/ C.(23) D. all of them E. none of them.
3.00
quantity Supplied Per Month
2.90
2.80
2,000 1,800 1,600
2,70
1.400-
2.60
1,200
2.50
1,000
2.40
800
2.30
700
2.20
600
2.10
500
400
2.00
Putting the above table into a diagram a upward sloping. individual supply curve can be drawn, This curve represents the state of supply of Firm A at a particular time. The vertical axis refers to the price scale and the horizontal axis refers to the quantity supplied of that commodity.
P Price per unit
Individual Supply Curve
of Firm A
500
Libro:
Quantity Supplied Par
Morth
The individual supply curve clearly shows that the higher the price of a
11. Which one of the above straight lines
hho na'x-intercent?
A. (11) B. (12) G. (13) Do nii or them E. none of thee,
12, Which one of the above, straight
lines has no y-intercept?
A. (11) B. (12). C. (13) 9. all of them E. none of them
13. Which one of the straight lines
hạm both x ky intercepte?
A. (L1)] - B. (12): 0, (13) 'D, all of them E, none of them.
14′′ Which of the straight:lina(s)
does not exist x and y intercepte
A (17) B. (+2) 0. (L3)
D. all of them E. none of them
15. Which of the straight lines has (have) two equal intercepts?
日五月一年二八九一层公年一十七國民華中 育教
commodity, the
greater quantity
would be supplied by
the firm.
The aggregation of the supply curve of all firms in the whole industry is called market curve of
supply. commod-
ity, as shown in the figure below. Its shape is similar to the shape of individual supply.
curve.
P. Price
per
•Unit
Market Supply
Curre
Quantity Supplied for a commodity
18
The law of supply states that the higher the price of commodity, the great- er will be the ... quantity supplied in the market. The law is based on the *scarcity' problem in the economy, implying that the producers are utilizing the limited resources to
in order to
People's
The decision
of an entrepreneur depends on the cost and benefit analysis in the production
process«.
III. Change in supply
A change in quantity supplied means that the change of the quantity in a firm or in the market in respect of a range of price changes,
A change in supply means that a greater or smaller amount of goods and services is is supplied in a firm or in a market without any changes in the price of the product.
A change in supply involve a shift in the supply curve.
If the curve moves towards the left (from SS to S.
then there is an increase in supply, as shown in Fig. ¿
Price.
Fig. A
Quantity Supplied
Quantity Supplied: for a commodity
If the curve moves backwards from SS to SpSo, it is said that there is a decrease in supply,
Ao (17) 3. (12) G (1-3) D. all of them E. code of the
16. A straight line 3x+4y=200 cuts
two axis at A,B, if Hia the mid- point of AB, then has coordinates.
A-(2/3, 1/4)
G. (1/3, 1/4) D
17. Two straight lines, (11) and (12-=-2x-2y-30
A. with a distance
B. with a distance So with a distance
Đi sinh theo địa lance
luc nong the. Done
1/4)
18. If a straight line hes equal interces
as shown in Fig. D
Price
Fig. B
Quantity
Supplied
Factors affecting
ch Supply
chief factors. affecting supply are the price of the commodity and tlie
cundition of supply.
They can be summerized as follows:
The price of the commodity
The profitability in
a company is affected by the price of the commodity in the market. An entrepren- eur must take the profit ratio into consideration. He must consider whether there is normal profit during the operation In other words, he will attempt to operate at the best level possible. The rise of the price wiIK lead to good prospect:> of profitability. The
entrepreneur will expand the production scale so as to improve productivity
The cost of productions The whole business- depends so much on the control and calcula-s tion of the production cost in the firm. The
rise of the wages.
rent, interest and other costs of produc tion will generally reduce the supply of e commodity coming on to the market. A fall in his costs will have. the opposite effect. The technique of
production
The development. In new method of produc- tion and the invention of new technology came help to promote the production efficiency
introduction of machinery may make the extension of output possible. Effects of taxation
Taxation of es commodities can directly influence the price of the commodity. It will certainly" raise the price of the commodity and the cost of production, there- fore, the împosition of taxation will. generally result in the decrease of supply, 5. Natural înfluences and
political influences
Political disturb ance may discrupt either the actual output itself or tlie distribution system. For example, war, strikes, fire and civil unrest hinder the normal activities. of production.
Basoblhe triangle Caight angle triangle Py of Isosceles triangle
By an incoceles right angle triangle
119% When Cour straight lines are both
intersecting then the number, of Baximum-rosBible intersecting point(s ia (are)
A. 5 B 6. G. 7 D. 8 E9
20. When four straight lines are both
intersecting, then the uzber of minipurpossible intersecting point(s) is (are)
AO B1 C. 2 D.3 BI. ANGWERS
TE As D
11. C 16. C
12.
B.17. D
13 A 18. E
Then it forme the trángle with two axes, that is
D 8.
4. A
9.
1
E 19. B
5. C
10. D
15. A 20. B
A. an acute angle triangle