1982
lities – eagerness to recover declining
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歷史
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HISTORY (10)
Philip Y.L. woo
MILL & DA LE PRESS LTD.
We discussed the origins:
reputation in Europe
by making war on
terms Serbia; harsh
to Serbia and ultimatum to her, etc. 8. Other powers also
responsible in some ways, Not Austria alone a
9. Conclusion - First
World War due to both underlying causes and immediate causes (e.g. Austria's responsibilities).
of the First World War in the past few issues. This of course you should. time we will take a look write out the point.
at the ways to write a history essay in practice, This is a question that appeared in the 1976 Examination:
"How did the Sarajevo assassination lead to the outbreak of the First World War? What responsibilities did Austria have in bring-
ing about the war?""
When given such a ¿Deation, it is important to jot down important points so that when you write the essay you can from time to time refér to the points. It may be easy to memorize things. or even to recall them in examination times. But because you have to answer a question that you do not know before- hand, you have to select from your memory those very things that the question requires. And you have to use your own judgement to determine whether or not something is what the question requires. So all these qualities → a sound historical knowledge, ability to select relevant things for inclusion
10
an answer,
an
and a good judgement of what the question requires – are important for good performance in an examination.
The following is an example of how you can jot down points and/or information för your own
easy reference:
1. June (late) 1914 assassination at Sarajevo, Austria believed. Serbia supported it. Germany supported Austria in teaching Serbia a lesson. Russia, friendly with Serbia, ordered
operal mobilization
armed forces (preparations for
Vary
Germany feared the advantage enjoyed by Russia in faster mobilization, and decided to make war on both tussia and France (as France was Russia's ally). German troops marched through Beligum. But to Britain, Belgian neutrality most important.
So Britain entered
war against Germany.
7. Austria's responsibi-
OR
HOAN
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初中成績評核預習
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Read the following in- formation carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Opening a Current
Account
70. open
a current
BOL
90.
clearly. Sometimes one two words will do to remind you of what you have learnt. The purpose of the points is to make sure that you won't write irrelevant things unknow- ingly when writing the essay. "Another purpose is to make sure that you can concentrate on writing out the essay in the most understandable way (as if the marker knows nothing about that period of history), when indeed you
can refer to the points jotted down from time to time. A bright student can even time himself very accurately in this way. Suppose you have jotted down 9 important: points. You can decide to spend 5 minutes on each point (if the points are equally important), or you can decide to spend 10 minutes on the first four points and the remaining 35 minutes on the remaining 5 points. So he can look up bis watch from time to time. to check whether he can keep to the plan.
Now you can proceed to writing out the pointa.
1. Remember that you are
required to write an essay, not a group of points. So you have to explain, expand or re-phrase the points in paragraphs, Add extra things if you think they are relevant to the question. But time yourself. If time doean't permit, you have to drop extra things (even if they are relevant), Remember the story about the brave man who quickly makes up his mind to cut his hand off when being bitten by a snake.
There is often a gap between what you under- stand and what you can express in paragraph- writing. You must have
the experience of knowing something but the difficulty of finding suitable words/phrases/ sentences to say it, The only thing you can do to solve this problem is to read more history essays, or more history books. Because history concerns itself with causes, effects and so on, the structure of language. often the same for
account all you need is your identity card.
and a minimun deposit of HKS 1,000.
How to use a Current Account
A11
You can pay all your bills by cheque instead. of standing in queues and carrying large amounts of money. you do is write out your cheque and nost it. You then have a mermanent record of all your transactions. which you can verify against detailed monthly computerised statements which we send you If you lose your cheque, payment can be stonood
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different students. If you are familiar with the structure (not reciting it by heart), then you will have more time to think carefully and write. according to your judge- ment (whether something is relevant or not, or digging out from your memory things that are relevant). Be in full control of your writing. It is easy to say this but it is difficult to do it. This has something to do with your standard of English. Anyway, don't write whatever things
that happen to come across your mind. How many times have your teacher told you to write relexant things only?
The following is a model essay. You will see how... paragraph writing can be applied to.
"The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand took place in June, 1914. The place was Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia, Serbia had wanted to unite with Bosnia, Austria, therefore believed that it was
Serbia which supported the assassins. Because Archduke Ferdinand was
the most important man in Austria other than the Emperor himself, a crisis followed, This in the end: led up to the outbreak of the First World War. In- early July, Kaiser William II of Germany promised support for Austria. It must be remembered that Germany and Austria were allies. However, the support for Austria bad the effect of encouraging a more aggressive Austrian policy toward Serbia.
Finally, Austria sent an ultimatum to the Serbian government. The ultimatum was deliberately barsh. Upon refusal of Serbia to accept all the terms, Austria declared war. The assassination began to spread its harmful effects.
In late July, Tsar. Nicholas II of Itussis ordered a general mobili- zation of armed forces against Austria. The reason was that Russia had been friendly with Serbia, and the crisis was one of the ways to
fish in troubled waters. in the Balkans. Now that Serbia was bullied bý Austria, Russia felt that something must be done to counter the Austrian move. The local crisis at Sarajevo began to involve another great power other than Austria.
Then quickly Germany was drawn into the enlarging dispute. The German generals had before, 1914 worked out detailed war plans against the Triple Entente powers, mainly France and Russia. Because Germany was in the middle (Russia on the east and France on the west), it was believed
by Lined lately notifying your bank when you lose cash, there is a very slim chance you !11 ever get it back. Cashing cheques
You can deposit your cash or cheques at any branch of the Chartered Bank. You can also withdraw at the branch where your account is kent without any limi- tation. If you wish to withdraw cash at other branches, you are able to do so up to $ 2,000 per day on inresentation of a document of iden- tification However i prior arrangements. are ade, there will
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that Germany could win any war against them only by quick mobilization. Now Russia had mobilized first, so the German
generals feared that the advantage of war prepare tion would be lost. After some discussion, the Kaiser decided on a war against both France and Russia. This was a
decision with disastrous consequences, Until then, the powers only prepared for war. After that, they would fight one, France.
d Russia had no choice "ther than to take up rns against Germany.
Germany intended to destroy France in six weeks and then to deal with Russia on the east, To do so, Germau troops must march into France quickly, But because tlie border between France and Germany was well guarded, Germany sent her troops by way of Belgium. To Britain, Belgian neutral- ity was very important, for reasons of national security (as Belgium was the last defence to the British homeland). This drew Britain into the war too.
日七十月二十年一八九一公年十七國民華中 育教僑華
Looking back at the events in the summer of 1914, one could conclude that the responsibilities. of Austria for the war: laid in her over- eagerness to recover dynastic reputation even to the extent of risking war. The Sarajevo assassination would have been peacefully settled if not for the single- minded intention of Austria to crush Serbia. The harsh terms of the ultimatum sent to Serbia was the best proof. In fact, Austria deliberate- ly made the ultimatum so harah as being unaccept- able, and then Austria fa could use the excuse (of Serbia not excepting the ultimatum) to make war on Serbia, Thereafter, it- was impossible to settle the dispute without involving, other powers, such as Germany and y Russia, Of course Austria should not be alone responsible for the First World War. Decisions for: the events in the sunder of 1914 were not all made by Austria. For example, the support for Austria came from Germany, and Germany should in this way be responsible for encouraging a more aggressive Austrian policy. Russia was the first great power to mobilize her armed forces, and as we can see,
this step led Germany to decide on an all-out war against both France and Russia. All the great powers were responsible for the outbreak of the war, though in different degrees. Perhaps Germany bore a major⠀
r part of the responsibility. And there were underlying, long-
term causes too. Without
You can be no limit. also select your Fam vourite colour fron a choice of five for your cheques. Questions:
What should I bring with me to à bank if I want to open,
a current account? How much must I deposit at least at the time I onen a current account?
I hav opened current account, how can I pay my bills, by cash or bychende? What is the trouble. In naying cash? Why is it good to may by cheque?
these long-term causes).
the great powers would
not have adted as they
did in the summer of 1914.
In short, the First World
War cannot be explained by the aggressive policy of Austria alone. Both underlying and immediate
help explain it. 經濟
(+)
causes
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K,K, Wong & L、T. Chan
MILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
·LOCATION OF INDUSTRY
Questions
What are the main determinants of the location of light industries in Hong Kong?
The main determinants of the location of light industries in Hong Kong are as follows: (1) Avalability of labour
is critical to light industries which are mostly labour- intensive. Thus, light industries tend to be located near population centres, e.g. light industries in Kwun Tong, Cheung Sha Wan.
(2) water supply, the
second determinant, is important to those light industries. which require a large amount of water, e.g. dyeing, laundry, brewing and chemical industries.
(3) The third factor is
power which is essential to practi- cally all industries. (4) The fourth determin-
ant is external economies. The dyeing
inflation upon the daily life of an
average Hong Kong
consumÈ K today?
Inflation refers to conditions when the general prices and costs. of goods and services are rising continuously (.e. the value of money is
declining in a continuous manner). The common
causes of inflation are
as follows:
(a) Inflation may be
caused by an increase
in the amount of money in circulation or by a drop in the. supply of goods and services.
(b) It may occur as a
result of excess demand (i,e. demand- pull inflation) induced by an
increase in demand of goods and services by consumers as well as overspending by firns or by governments. (C) Inflation may occur
because of rising costs of production. (ie, cost-push inflation).
(d) Inflation may be
by
caused by naturalez disasters, social disturbances or wars. It may also be caused the deliberate. policy of the govern- ment or speculatus who stock-pile goods, in order to force the price level upwards to realize abnormel profits,
The effects of inflation upon the daily life of an average Hong Kong consumer are:
The effects of inflation upon different groups of consumers are essentially different. In general, there will be a
and garment manufact-rise in the prices of uring firms as well as new textile firms tend to be set in Tsuen Wan for the sake of external economies..
(5) The fifth factor is. land value. The rising land prices actually force
certain industrial- ists to locate their industrial sites in less developed a areas. (6) The sixth determinant is transport, and developed transport enables firms to set up their factories away from population centres.
(7) Another factor is
government measures such as the setting up of Industrial Estates Provisional Authority, the planned development zones for industry; e.g. Shatin, Castle Peak etc., the prohibition of certain industries in certain areas to prevent pollution, e.g. the assigning of land for special projects.
What is inflation and what are the common causes of inflation? Discuss the effects of
of all my transactions?
Will the record be prepared by an or by computer?. How often will I receive a record? Where can I deposit my cash or cheques? 10. Where can I with-
draw money?
11. How much cen I with-
draw at the branch where I open myaccoun 12. How much at most can
I withdraw at other branches with prior arrangement?
13. How much at most' can
I withdraw at other branches without
nior arrangement? Now: many colours are there for the
14.
Will T have a record
consumer goods and. services, e.g. rents, food-stuffs etc. The purchase and consumption patterns of consumers will change accordingly, Necessary goods will increase in demand while spending on luxuries will be decreased. Savings will also be less and people will try to earn more money to increase
their real incomes, Generally speaking. debtors and people whose incones respond quickly to inflation will gain while creditora and people with relatively fixed income will logë. Lower income people will likely be hurt more because of the rise in the prices of necessary items. Thus, there is generally a redistribu tion of income. The
people in Hong Kon
now
wilt tend to purchase more imported items since these products are relatively cheaper than before because of inflation. When hyper- inflation occurs, there will be a fall in
investment and unemploy- ment will result. Like- wise, as the prices of exports of Hong Kong rise due to inflation,
cheques? Answers:NONE
2. 3.
Your identity ca $1,000:
By cheque.
You may have to carry
a large amount of money and it wastes
time.
You just write out your cheque and. post it.
Yes, you will By computer.
nce a month, At any branch. 10. At any branch; 11. No Limit. 12. No:3tart. 1:37 4 2,000 per day 14. Five: