WAH. KIU YAT PO
頁三第張四第6日六十月三年酉辛麿夏
似清淡不和的風格。 同作人的散文集很多,如「自己的園地」「雨天之
波」、「餓築」,「談虎集」,「夜蝦」 「選一句」,「天堂乙西交稿]*還有讓作及 作,晚年嘛成的「知能感丟錄」,可較足舶的傳結
1981
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風的話
箱子廳
周作人 沈從文
一海灘拾良
(一)中國的話」作者:
頭
周入(一八八五—————九**),字啟明。常以
發明,知堂等作蕊紙名。他是齊涵的弟弟。 周作人和香玉一樣,酒後式的教育,幼电就在私 技術器空祖父下獄,父親病死,周家是家道 中落了。〈中窖夠已成問題,個兄弟倆也找不到好 去處,便先密進了「南京本颜學堂」。周作人在學 敘獎及受益的,是學習了英文+ 因而引起對文學的 無趣。他宗砂外交帶響,並且從体翻。在「南京 永統學堂上時期,他的寫作技巧也碧發起來了,而 豆也作時,一九六〇年,周作人或日本法學 水軍,後來啟學土木工程,他學習了日期注意起 日本文學來,一年種才网。
回國榮,他在經典教育會循觀學,也當過北大附 皺的國文卷產製造,先後任含北大及北大等天 學教授。在新文學運動開開期,也努力進體,元 後發症了「人的文學」和「不民的文學」,表明了 他的文學主張,對新文學運動的發也有重大響 。同作人早期的文學,如「祖先崇拜」,打忌單
都現了他對舊社會和封建禮歌的不滿, 阿,他在早期在文學活動方面也是活躍的,除了 郭鄭淵經、沈雁冰等硬起瓿機「文學研究裁手之外
一九二四年又和玄間,孫伏图等人共同編織不 蛋糕」也在上面發表了不少能作。 周作人欲期的文章,多为《悠開情意,與前期作風 不想了,材也改變了,玄茶,談喝酒等等成爲: 她的女变常系的內容,却又造成了部位獨有的双
1981
中學會考試題預習專欄
生
物
(廿七)
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BIOLOGY (27)
beung
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28. The following diagram"
the structures and germination of country shean seed, and those of
maize fruit,
(A) Country bean seed and
seedling.
等
Maize fruit and seedling.
a) What are the differences
Detween the country bean seed:
and the maize fruit in the
(1) endosperm?
(2) number and function of X? (3) type of germination? (4) development of their root
systems?
b)Name the parts of the flower
fcom which
Y and
(2)z
have developed. clBy;what means are Y and Z 'm split to allow germination?: alsate four disadvantages of used reproduction..
29 The following diagram
-shows a half flower and a longitudinal section of the gripe lop-sided fruit
:developed from the flower.
FLOWER:
10
TOP-SIDED FRUIT:
aborted
B
al Describe a common way to
prevent self-fertilization in flowers which have a similar relative position of the structure 2 and the
(二)「离的話」文章分析:
商作人的散交,自然类,文句不肯離琢,內容婆
、一篇文之內,談古論今,往往旁做 像信手拈來,文章無牛基終確迹,這是作者潤洗
·平和的交童風格的特色。
雙加本篇來投,作者引用的文字有多曲:莊子老 子、古詩、熊和交深配合安貼。文章中型引用文 字,却不足散亂,全店以紹的風和北京的風爲主 變作物。策意的,只不過用&濺能了 作者描您「蕊」,不用奇谓句,却有聲有色,發
如紹興的龍風,作者的描述是:
「往往是很好的天氣,忽然一架上來盤時天 色質照,風泰大作,在城裏說不上飛沙走石,總之
讚把升吹出连外的事情也不是沒有。」 描述北京的蕊落:
「北京還有那組帶古區,彷彿與南邊的所期 精油相似,司得滿地膽的黄土艾品特刑 的料,不但無孔不入,但是用本地高養紙的 好的門濰袼于世指不住,似乎能够從那蹴紋 的地方得透過失。平常大風的時候,空中呼
J 銀网的「冰風、 主要在它吹的猛害 北京的「蒙古風」 額主在宮的發,那 我「哭」倒是其次,所以,下女艾引謎「 白粉多海風,麵南愁殺人的古詩話題就 也行寫作者需北京的風的感受:「追嘯然的 聲音我却是響,在北京所瞎的風聲中要邦 榮景好的。」艾見到作者問察的新您:「你 不是說修無風自控,其實也有欲確,不過 ̇的葉子尚未次,白罌粟特 、所城
就感助我來
紹興的風和北京的風,明顯的不同,就是可見了。 文章起願說:「北京多風,時間想寫一篇小文章講 請想。工作者先說對經哭的風,著描救北京的您。 辍示了地方的特色,文章又是首尾照裹, 连接 巧的“完要的。作者是否徒然記敍,描蕤?是見爾
structure 4.
b) List twe disadvantages of
self-pollination.
c) By means of numbers indicate
the appropriate structures of
the flower that give rise to
structures A, B and D."
d) (1) What is structure C?
(2) Describe briefly how it is
formed.
e) Suggest a cause for the
∴ aborted C.
f): Comment on the relationstip
.. between the growth ofC and
fruit. growth.
Answers:
28.
a) (1) Endosperm:-
A: absent/has beer
digested..
B: present/with food
materials.
(2) Number of X:- A: two
Function ofx:-
B: one
As it Stores food, protects
the emerging
cotyledons and carries.
out photosynthesis
above the ground.
It digests the food -stored in the
endosperm.and transports it to the Membryo.
(3) Type of germination:-
A: Epigeal.germination. B: Hypogeal germination. (4) Development of root
systems
A: the radicle grows.
downwards' as a tap root with lateral roots to form a tap root system.
the radicle grows downwards at first and is later replaced by advantitious root from the base of the plumule to form a fibrous root
system.
b)(I) Y: developed from the
integuments of the ovules.. (2) Z: developed from the
ovary wall and the: integuments of the "omiles.
clY and 2 are first softened by water and later split by the growth of the radicle and plumule.
e) 1. External agents such as insects.or wind are necessary for pollination and dispersal,
2. Desirable characters may not appear in the offspring due to the combination of the genes.
29,
3. Stored food in the seed, is
limited, so it will soon die for lack of food in unfavourable condition.
4. Reproductive rate is low.
a) The common way is for the
structure 2 (anther) and: structure 4 stigma) not tó
: ripen at the same time..
b) 1. No variations would arise
since the offsprings have similar genetic compositions as their parents...
ہو
The species may become weakened after a long perlod.
報日僑
無所思呢?不一定,就看下列變小质:
不龜區水不是年年常有,就是發生也只是短 時間,不久即過去了。記得老子證:『攀 不腐、保育不終日。無爲此者?天地尙 不能久,而况人話設際很多,此 本是自然的紀律,雖然應用於人類的消微也 是姻合
「我超越人古來新整文身,人永與設門。 新救了追質,活在水上,死在水裏,本 是覺悟的,俗語所謂瓦燈不爆上楼,总体
退些小布文學,也寄託了作者對人生的看法,或是 客寫作者的國性政易,行文自然從容,也不滿癡 跡了,徐如來的「戊寅春缸群齋下世,以资不道 有業夜露天的事,但白優的罵聲?照島可聽 迎固然照頭上交的「老友爾來弟需來寒齋菜廳
·外茶之年,猶日:下雨了吧?但不诲感, 等,全部老,艾露白機所翻了。」但也抒發作者: 對亡支憶念之情。作者的苯胺是葉伊而含蓄的,所 以有人受,知就老人晚年的文章,紫恩更深 乎有些海渥的宋遠了。本籍文章,艾是夾雜記叙讠 推薦與抒情的成份的,若要分析作者可有 ,不容易心
(三)「李子巌」作者生平:
新
現
沈從文(一九〇二),湖南省型群人
代有名的小蔬家,他出身於軍人家庭,父兄都質 官,他只受了小李教育,使在軍隊其做抄高的工作 。做一方面却不佳的自學,甘經進北區大學旁鹋• 也愛在各大報刊投稿。他當過報館的救时,會主墛 「文藝期刊」,由玄過上海、青島各地的大學教授 、抗戰勝利益,發出任北京大學教授,一九四九年 森後没有密洒什麽文學能作,近在故宫博物院作 歷史文物硏究的工作。
沈從女的作品不少,小設有「港城」,「八略上
>散文第如「湘行散記]等,都得番名。 (四)「箱子碌』阻解:
箱子来是湖南省西都的想江的人群,作者發光
經過這兒兩次:第一次正值端午節、到站地疟森 舟的热度榜景;第二次在寒冷的冬季,又另有一番
·景象,作者歲以箱于巖、熊成交章儒題,躲在「無 行散記上妾。由於作者生長在潔劑,地方的蛋 土人情,作老旣感熱者,也聲賴嚳,為來講腻
,-
份表現上鄉土文學的轉谶
c) A: 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6,
B:7-
D:10
d) (1) The seed,
(2) Pollen grains germinate
on the sugary stigma and a pollen tube grows down the style" towargs the, ovary and into the ovule. Male nucleus passes down the tube and fuses with the egg cell to form a zygoïE. The fertilized.egg becomes a seed.
e) The ovule had not been
fertilized.
f) Seed and fruit growth are
related. If the seeds fails to develop, that part of the
fruit adjacent to it also fails.
地
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Geography (27)
Y. Y. Lee
MILL& DALE PRESS LTD.
Question for Revision:
¥53.Below is a sketch map
CHINA: Industrial Output
showing a major economic change in China,
Describe and account for the regional output in relation to the total before and after 1949.
Industrial
output in
relation M
on the total
Pre 1949
C.3 post 1949.
Suggested.Answers:
Distribution of Industries in Pre-war China
Prior to 1949, the industrial centres in China were mainly found along the coast in large trading ports; around railway junctions in rich agricultural lands; and in the Northeast. The SW and NW were devoid of industries, Such a distributional pattern reflects the influence of the following factors: (1) Availability of Capital
Before 1949, little effort had been put in industrial development of the country. owing to the poor and inadequate developments in communication and transport; the lack of knowledge and poor techniques in exploring and utilizing her stock of natural, resources; and the lack of capital, all the chief industries in China had to thrive on foreign investment. The industries were, therefore, concentrated in coastal regions, and the trading porta, for instance,
一期星
(五)「獅子巖」文章分析:
日十二月四年一八九一麽公年十七國民雷中
全籍文章可以分成上半文和下午交者。 上面一年,紀叙作者正值端午節時候,來到孩子巖 “想到當地人民在端午節升競賽的熱烈情形而 聯接到歷史專踪、人物;下面李文,限叔作十四 年後再俓箱子像,那是寒冷的冬季,通過作者所見 一小飯鍋子媒的風光,觸發出自然與人的關係,送生
奇甜感想。
作者商過記叙而描路和技術,交锋自然而粧緻:
「那一天正是五月初五、河中人識大陽街 箱子巖瀾中刷美好的三龍船,皆被鄉 下人拖出存在水面上。锴而拖船胶描 糖有硃紅崧條,全船坐滿了青年搊手 顛腰 谷機紅布,並發起處,船但如一枝&精, 在平靜無波的長潭中來去如飛。河牙大的一 望跌寶,兩岸皆有人名船,大聲吶喊助哭。 且有好事者,從後山們到溫釀造上去,把百 于邊泡踨高上拋上,使邊泡在乎空中爆
•彭彭彭彭的邊炮聲與水面船中缀蓊盤相爆
N
作者您得宜在具體,毋初也形象化了。作者等一幅 ,膜而駕出「引起人對於临密茨生一租幻想之一點 照度」,作者把讓者啻到歷史人物和事京中去之後發 >穏叉描寫普森色中的節日烱况——熟密仍未球 退,因而又要展到第土文物的確况,一切人的記
!
上中文描寫的装關情形和下午女記叙康生的情景。 風味完全不同:鄉村奧捕魚蕊生的,打猛的,成衣 的......各種人聚在一起媽璿火,白封他們每日 過滔簡單的生活,作者抒發了他的「推其性之理 汁的限額。
文章在描淑與抒情交錯之間,是距皂洗理別歌、
「深行散記」的文章,都是紀发或描寫作者在湖南 各地所,所聞,往往因物村陷,你若及深通宮城 周士人常,鞯來便更見鄉土氣味濃厚,還是作者散 文村名之一,本篇也没有例外:作者描寫當地罪 競賽人們聚在能鸽子痰等等愉景∗然院 了地方和人物的關係,就沿的峭壁、李穴、河底 *都能擒出站方特色,所以,也有人說作者的創造 活動是媵於鄉土了。
(A) (MAARJ FET:
in Shanghai, Wuhan and Canton.
「國日報」部刊「黃花」上,以林尚夫的奉名發 表文章、......九四一年骑桂林當中學教師, 收 的筆名在「大公雕報」和「力報』的期刊上裝文 錄。抗蔬結束祿,在上海「勞工協會』工作 一元 四六年镪線會溫全香港、酒,他的女眾多發淡在 |和為購文森主體的「文藝生 ,李牧返個州,在廣州 單者商業投資委員會文藝處工作,讓文任廣東 泼有典文化上的執行船輯,後艾曾任廣州「羊城晚
泰收的作品,
(七)「海儛拾貝』交姿分析。
沿是一篇綜合描您,我情和研成份的文章,文 的內容,主要客人將只被所生的趣,從而臨起了有 關員您的氆秘知識,再抒寫出在宮灘拾貝時所引起 的聯想和筒權,作者文此說明了宇宙不小活 偉大,並不是絕對的對上,彼此是一種有制配的形 熊敏膠,这正是作者要說明的哲理。 這篇文章,看似是龉典所至的抒寫,其實鈷需的盛 密和完整,正見出作者會細心安排,但寫來文 自然活願,不落俗套。
交錢蔴次是沿樣:譯文所好的绍一段先坜出一般人
樣,愛搜集他們喜愛的東西。作者镪而介绍各類各 丈的貝餐:由形色、狀況、說到產地,這是文章的 第二次。從去领网城的畑說下去,便是文章的 第三次:晚酵感的食用镀值,那是古代人們所 以利用作當溝通的手段。作者進一步能明了且變際 了贊用價值外,更令人心醉神迷的,是它所松子的 美類,初封溶灘的人觉檢拾且號,就是原民家庭, 都藏有美國的貝殼,且帶的工藝美術,在中國性就 有很悠久的医史了。最後,作者然「思念良殷在人 類生活上的價值」利在海灘拾具所爾恬料的热图
不他明白世間廠事萬物之間複雜,變化的 棒,渺小和你大是辦證地統一笛的,没有無數的渺 小就沒有偉大,離開了整體,偉大亦化露渺小 所以,驕傲是可笑的,自卑也是無你的。作者最久 揭示了他的文章中心。
本期習作:
空敬、原名林覺夫、廣東澄品系人,一九一八年出 生於新加坡。十三龜假度一九三八年開始在廣州!
Urumchi, Hami and Turfan.
(2) Supply of Raw Materials Industries were also: found around railway. junctions in the east for the ease of transportation and abundant supply of agricultural products. Silk weaving and sugar-cane. milling were found in Canton where mulburry leaves and sugar-cane were widely grown, Similarly, there were concentrations of textile and silk-weaving factories in Shanghai, cotton-textile and flour. milis in Tientsin,in Harbin, Changchun, Mukden and Darien.
(3) Supply of Power Reson rces:
Heavy industries were mainly concentrated in N and NE China where large coal. and jton reserves were
found. Anshan, Mukden and Fushun in the NE and Tayeh in the central south owed their origin to the rich: power reserves.
consequentiy, the Sw and NW. being situated far from the coast, with inconvenient transportation, lack of capital, and insufficient. power reserves due to the unexplored reserves, were completely devoid of industries.
Post-war Changes in Industrial Locations
Large scale development of industry in China dates from the communist period beginning in 1949. Nation-wide industrial development scheme were drawn up, not only to preserve, consolidate and revitalize the existing industries, but also to facilitate the establishment of. new industrial centres. A new locational pattern of industry appeared, Industries are no longer confined to the eastern coast. There are dispersion of decentralisation from the easterm centres towards the: interiord
(1) Government Policies
In 1953, the First Five.. Year Plan was inaugurated along the guidelines of the Soviet pattern, It planned to expand and reconstruct the heavy industry in particular form and steel at Anshan, Paotow: and Wuhan. In addition, emphasis was laid on the setting up of new plants near sources of raw materials and development of the interior regions, 852. industrial projects were introduced during the first plan, 530 of them were set up away from the coast. (2) Improvement of Agricultural
in the Former Unfavourable Land
"
With the agarian reform and the establishment of communes, margin lands. were open up. The rise.in agricultural productivity in these areas has in turn encouraged the development of industry. The industrial development of Sipkiang can be, cited as a good example. Cotton textile has sprung up following the establishment.. of new cotton plantatione at
Medicine manufacturing. at
the medicinal herb producing part of Szechwan is another example.
(3) The Exploitation of New
Natural Resources
The great effort put in. the-expioitation of new resources has great effort on the change of the Jocational pattern, too. The opening up of oil-fields in western Sinkiang, which was. accompanied by highway constructions, has encouraged the establishment of industries there. The Szechwan Basin, which has emerged as a new industrial power too, is: aided by the opening up of new oil fields at Nanchung, B.E. P. in the Min River, and the exploitation of phosphorus and allumina in the western part, s
As a result, the Manchuria and E China: which used to account for the greatest percentage of industrial output in China, declined in their relative importance, giving place to the interior regions, such as the Central Yangtze and -Szechwan, and the remote
region Sinkiang- 54.Diagrams A and B of the
following figure show the changes of the relative importance of the three major activities -- agriculture, Light & heavy industry
rv in. China in 1949 and 1970, Describe and explain the changes in the relative importances of Industry during that period.
Relative Importance of Three Major Activities in China (by value)
A. in 1949
Agriculture 70%
in 1970
Heavy Mdustry
43.7%
Heavy Industry
7.9% Light Industry
22%
Agriculture
/22.8%
33.5% Light Industry.
Suggested Answers:
The graphs show that during 1949-70, there was a rapid decrease in the relative importance in the agriculture sector but à rapid increase in the industrial sectory especially heavy industry, which experienced the greatest ∵increase in importance -
Reasons for Unimportance of Industry in Pre-war China
Large scale development of heavy industry needs a lot of power resources, metallic and non-metallic minerals: Before 1849, China concentrated on the development of agriculture. Industrialization appeared to ba difficult at that time. It may be due to the poor and inadequate developments in communication
1試商介周作人、沈從炎的文章風格。
參考(一)(三)作答。
3「面港拾貝」一女玆夠有同特色,其加以設朗
二塔(七〉作陪。
不腻明「箱于殿」一文的描粞技巧。
參考(五)作等。
and transport; the lack of knowledge and poor techniques- in exploring and utilizing her.
stock of natural resources; and the rapid increase in population which resulted in a huge demand for food that capital could by no means be easily accumulated for the pursuit of: industrialization. In the se pre-war years, all her chief. industries had to thrive on foreign investment. Heavy industries were found chiefly in North and Northeast China where coal and iron could be found. Ligit industries were scattered in sea-ports and around railway junctions in.thc east; where. transportation is easy and particular kinds.of. agricultural products are freely available.
Reasons for the Rapid Development in Recent Years; SSÄfter taking over of the Communist Government, à nation-wide industrial rehabilitation development scheme was drawn up. It planned, on one hand, to preserve, consolidate and revitalize the existing industries. Thus the heavy industries in the northeastern provinces have been rehabilitated most rapidly and soon undergone great advancement. On the other hand, a combined effort to explore new natural resources aide, with the development in
communication netwerks and to facilitate industrial development was stressed. Examples of this linked development of local natural resources and industry are many. The opening up of oil fields such as those in. W.Sinkiang has made the ... development of heavy industry in Urumchi possible. New oil field at Taching; the active mining of coal reserves in N. China and the improved technique in exploitation of iron in Anshan, for examples, have helped the northern and: northeastern provinces undergo a more rapid development. Newly developed source regions of hydroelectricity have even greater impact on industrial development. The Liuchia Dam to the west of Lanchow, for example, has encouraged the industrial development in. Lanchow.
Light industries have undergone rapid advancement, too. With the agarian reform and the establishment of. communes, much agricultural labour has been released aid. entered into industrial labour force. Productivity in agriculture has been raised and this in turn has led to the expansion in food processing industries. Other examples such as cotton textile industry, has sprung up following the establishment of new cotton plantations at Urumchi, Hami and Turfan. The exploitation of metallic and non-metallic minerals, such as alumina and phosphorus in Western Szechwan has furnished the development of consumer goods manufacturing and other light industries too..
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