頁二第張六第
日一十月一十年申庚醫夏
WAH KIU YAT PO
報日僑華
三期星
日七十月二十年〇八九一年九十六國民奉中 育文化交
detak
華僑文化
哲說,幽之足以立身處世,終身受用無窮。故迎各界人士現帶賞,同享身心幸福。微,海此酒 一女子。越裔·恋次所作品;正心修身,克已後爵之台金句,謝世做人之染行至變,及張
倍高級警司,會羅利成深水埗區總主任梁士雄先生,設有M3E,吳多泰先生,是朱惠芬女士, 姬女,王侯難民,民政問總價值太子繞去,九就民政攻員許米級設太平旆士,深水埗警察局是巷 九耱圄幚館揭卷。敦請被襲無禮士太平紳士主持典路宇並由會長葉澍堃太平紳士,主席李廣源 深水北區文化活動與會舉辦香港名家畫對慶賢會,今天開始,一連三日,麥香港大合式高照
舉辦名家書畫展今開幕
深水埗文化活動委員會
要念平先生,蔡別恩先生,街北口先生,願鷸然先生各位名賽會長憚同實稅。车大戲,對黨,欲把引內付海彈。苍內爾餘將拒盡,燃期荷强不
民政署長班禮士太平紳士主禮
「佛」伍生作,淡水地區文化活動委員會點阿展,現大會堂舉行
(上、下)潘偉光作版 (本月廿日至十六日,「燃媵八家」被出香港塞術中心,
巴海教東南亞地區
小生一天出山門。
(k)GKPKID-
題石鼓洲析生門聯 〔前人)
一復)見光諾過此門。
吸收。
詩人一行廿餘衆張。
(EB)
李汝大
舉行華人傳道大會
·炎置初遊到此洲。寬臨石鼓的新秋。山天,
EENBEKERE BRENNE FE
石鼓洲哥復院,地屬族區,國家幽美。2雅 樂管跨號共亨亞爾熱風與生產時去,方能依熱時間,港會派出代表參加
,向女友蔡念照、阿磊、朱敬文、關鹹味、綆燕山、 漢何運穩良長,雙胡沛、馬俳光兩主任之邀 - 的收。
(EB)
高國華
濫崴、林峰、莫寳菜、羅明開等二十餘人,於本
·陳澈、在國、奈女大、張江判、吳南號、食
·禮案初經石洲。殷灰飛敝過深秋。早遊島
致技術,交流各地經驗,促進會務,將由十二月1 一友、推、灣尼等代表參加。大會將研討 亞區華人傳道大会,港會推派主席亞之明、蔡忠
·馬來西亞巴裔教會,定十二月底,舉行東南
做河如後,盡聲肥識。 午奎舉行弱火说送,蒸幕始歸。所題評與師試,收。 ,她段,及薩瓦情況,並有即席揮英路獾進與。一袱诗妍句可忘憂。歌忤始炎漁浦,兩醉來日 。廿巴至廿四日,在八打殘市舉行,預料有笑點, 月七日i前赴怨繞雅案。除在院內參觀各組工作一决缗俗;租約江流华梵爵。舊雨新知能灏學; 北四引至廿八日,一連五天,在大馬婆德中學行
(e) 重遊石鼓洲
PREEKKDEEKS
無牽無掛愎無憂,穿出美館前 大好風光服 浪花新营;把酒盡江競賽爵。有没有做著有笑;
·許頌A遊五世洲。日期約定在原秋。飛航破
朱敬安
特解無鄂酒解憂。况年來樹桃率,用転好自 TE HETKE18 · FEUERK*- 西風吹老获蘆洲。紅蔥花疏水國秋。踪陈篝
劉歡畫踣樂忘憂。登臨高處縱費爾,江榭融崽一 &EEK-ELREVIZ · EBYLA ZI-
·菊絕風光石鼓洲。認被泰珠海天秋。山花園 陳琳
(前題)
山水登臨瓦解疵,料多術天上月,纯碑相
KEKERE · BELONES-
:常仰石酸是名出。艾笑運來先泳態。結織
CETO
呂偉東
· 放就來登石鼓洲。金風送爽又凉秋。陳出
八深水湖區文化街砒委我會對展,現在大會做行 《上陳文傑書法。一下右)陳文傑行。(下左)于山水 〔兩
臥文 七冬天我
輔
會人
仁y 友文
志堅
1981 中學會考試題預習專欄
英文
立基出版社劉浩濂提供資料
ENGLISH [11]
Stephen Lau (Foundation Press)
Dear Students,
Now that we've talked a lot about each individual question in Paper II, we should shift our attention to another paper, Paper
Before we commence our discussions, I'd like to point out that you are advised not to. leave Paper III aside, spending all your time on other papers, and never touching it until the Certificate Examination is drawing near. Con- fucius (Kong-z1) once wrote, "The essence of knowledge is, having it, to apply it." So there is every reason for your practising questions of the type set in Paper III from time to time." Remember, constant revision is a good tip for better examination results and there is no short cut to success.
My treatment of this topic (essay-writing) follows a very practical approach: it is problem- oriented. I think doing a whole lot of mere and Irrelevant theorizing and conceptualizing would only bore you to tears, to say the least of it. Hence, I'm going to outline those areas which are taken into account in marking your essays and then deal with each area in turn in detail. As in previous weeks columns, there are also my pinpointing common errors made by can- didates in previous years HKCEE, and my formulating a list of hints which reminds you of the importance of some commonly ignored precautions. KATAN
Considerations are given to the following aspects when your essays are marked: Content, Organisation Language Skill and Accuracy Therefore you should pay special attention to these aspects whenever you write an essay. Here. I'd like to intermingle the discussion on thicse aspects with that on the stages of writing an essay. In this way you can have a better idea of what to do without having to switch your
continually.
viewpoints cor
First and foremost, read the instructions printed on the front page of the question paper. S
This includes paying special attention to the uniber of essays required and the time allocation for the paper. It may seem trivial at first sight, but a surprisingly large number of candidates overlooked its im portance and hence lost marks because they spent too much time in writing their essays and did not leave time for final. check, etc. And it is not impossible that the format of the question paper has been changed without your knowing it.
2. Choosing an appropriate topic.:
It is essential that your choice must be made only after you've read all the topics given. Don't let the type of essay demand. ed by a particular topic mask the actual topic itself. Consider each topic in turn - give cach topic a fair chance (and hence yourself a fair chance),
What appears to you to be the casiest topic is not necessarily the best one for you. Try to choose one which you can have sufficient material to write on. Try not to choose a topic just because it re- quires little thinking: am apathetic choice
4.
will certainly lead to
an
apathetic
essay.
It doesn't pay to be lazy in ordinary class- room practice, not to speak of in public examinations. Interest and motivation are important here.
You should also take into account that unless your essay is good, you have a small chance of impressing the marker if the topic is a very popular one. It is pretty obvious that any marker will soon grow tired of reading the same old stuff over and over again.
What are you to do with the chosen topic?
Study carefully the wording of the. topic: Know what it asks for. If necessary, make a mark to each key word so that it stands out clear.
In previous years, the examiners kept remarking that many candidates had mis interpreted the question and as a result reduced their CONTENT scores. So make. sure you answer the exact question and don't attempt, for example, to write much on the reasons of building the MTR if the question asks for "the effects of the MTR on the people of Hong Kong."
Collecting your ideas.
If you've made the right choice of the topic, you shouldn't have much problem here.
Try to write down any idea that comes up in your mind, relevant or apparently irrelevant. The order is not important. In all cases, you are to do a lot of sorting-out and arranging work later. (A seemingly irrelevant point may turn out to be a relevant novel point after you've adopted a particular angle of approach.) But don't wander too far off what is asked. If the topic includes several parts, think for each part carefully. Balarice is important.
It is a good idea, especially in argu- mentative essays, to tabulate your ideas; this will help you avoid to be biased to a particular side.
"Let's consider the following example:
Imagine that you are the editor
of a new weekly magazine for young
•·people to be published in Hong Kong. Say what you think the maga- zine should contain, giving your
reasons.
For the sake of clarity, you may rewrite the topic in the following way in order to pinpoint it:
MY POSITION:
Editor
WHAT MAGAZINE?:
New. Weekly: For young people
PLACE OF PUBLICATION:
- Hong Kong
REQUIREMENTS:
What should the magazine
contain? Why?:
Since you are now an editor. you have to show that you are quite mature. You have to cater for the various needs of young people in Hong Kong and you have to explain why. Since this topic is comparative- ly wide open, defining your editorial policy, with reasons, is a good way to locate the theme of your essay, It is also a good method to begin your essay. Also note that it is a new magazine and so you are not justified in writing, for instance, "I should follow the policy of my predecessor...
One word of warning. Don't be afraid of adding your own opinion on the tople. Indeed personal attitudes towards a topic, especially those derived from real personal experience, are very precious in writing an original essay.
Planning your essay.
The CONTENT and
ORGANISATION.
of your essay depend much on your plan- ning beforehand. As these two aspects will carry some 30% of the total marks allotted to the whole paper, it really pays to treat them seriously and not to neglect them in any way
At this stage, check whether you have included both sides of the argument (for a discussion essay) and added in your own opinion. Then you have to define your theme and angle of approach of the sub ject, after which you go on to do the sorting out work: determine what is re- levant to your theme and in what order you're going to put your material...
See to it that your development of idea is logical, or better, persuasive. A simple flow-chart will help you a lot. Try to be analytic too. Furthermore, be reason- able and keep your temper yourself burst into a fit of rage.
don't let
Let's consider an example, which will help you understand better the above points:
If you had the chance of going to a university to study, would you. prefer to go to a university in Hong Kong or to one abroad?
(A) THEME: Attend a 'local univer- sity and the reasons why.
OUTLINE (SIMPLE FLOW-CHART);
Decision
Reasons:
(1) sense of belonging in con-
nection with family, etc.;
(2) mother is too fond of me
to let me leave her;
(3) an average university abroad. is no better than one in. H.K..
(4) financial problem;
(5) difficulties in intercultural
transactions.
Or, alternatively; (B) THEME: Attend
a university abroad and the reasons why.
Decision
Reasorts:
OUTLINE:
(4) challenges
(2) opportunity to learn foreign
expertise;
(3) opportunity to live alone
independence:
(4) too keen competition in HK hampers proper learning.
NOTE:
1. The above outlines are just examples of how an essay can be treated: they should nover be taken as "perfect", "ideal" or "model" plans. Actually, the. examiners commented that this topic was the most stereo- typed" and that "there was evidence of much pre-learnt material."
A definite decision should be made. A soft answer won't do. Remember that the topic is in the form of a question, and
even
how can you be awarded high marks if you haven't answered this question?. Don't be deceived by the, con ditional tense in the question: there is no strong reason why you should write your essay altogether in the past tense. Some people may think that a student should write briefly about his educational level and bring out reasons why he should have the opportunity of going to university. This is quite un- desirable, the question has grant- ed a condition and one is not supposed to explain that those who are good at Maths would catch this point. (Re- member your conditional prob- ability?)
How should essays be paragraphed?
There can be no fixed rule on the matter of the best length of paragraphs, although the recent trend favours short ones: The rule of thumb, “one idea, one paragraph" is often helpful. The main point is that your paragraphs are coherent and of reasonable length. Notice that your paragraphing should show your develop- ment of ideas and hence should also be logical. In descriptive or narrative essays, a new paragraph can indicate a change of place and/or time, usually subsequent or consequent.
And how should essays be ended?
For descriptive or narrative essays, the last (chronological) step can be described. On the other hand, in expositional and argumentative essays, one good way of concluding is to summarise all points mentioned in the essay and project them to a proposal or warning for future action. In short, you should end your essays in a way which won't make your readers puz- zled what has been going on.
Is an introduction to the essay a must?
Obviously I won't allow myself to say that it is. As a matter of fact, an in- troduction is needed when it is helpful to subsequent discussion, e.g. a brief consideration of the diversity of Chinese customs would lead logically into a discus- sion of the topic, “Many Chinese customs are falling out of use nowadays in Hong Kong. Why is this happening and what are your views about it?" In other cases, it may be omitted. Many past candidates made the mistake of writing long intro- ductions which affected the balance in the essays, and thus scored low marks in. ORGANISATION:
A word of warning about "model" essays.
A persuasive quote would be one from the examiners' report for a past HKCEE: There is a marked evidence that can- didates are still memorizing what they hope will be "relevant” passages for use in compositions. Candidates are reminded that. If they do so, they will be penalized: accordingly, T
The topics set these days are usually not wide open and are in fact situational, So your hope of hitting the right topic will certainly be very dim. So don't spend any more time in learning "model" essays by heart. instead, divert your attention to building up a habit of dealing with every topic seriously and analytically, which will be of immense help to you not only in examinations but also in daily life. Writing your essay.
.
Here comes the essential step. It goes. without saying that you are to try your utmost to be accurate grammatically. And
for this aspect, I'll discuss an error analysis of fifth formers essays in two later col- umns. Today we concentrate on some other points which are of no less import-
ance.
Handwriting.
****** ·Legible and clear handwriting is very important. Don't put the markers in the position of having to decipher your irritant handwriting. Bad handwriting breeds harsh marking. Ferm each letter clearly, especial. ly cand e ₫ and cỉ m and 2, u, v and w, and b and h; and literally, "dot the i's and cross the 's
Length:
Keep to the number of words re- quired. If you write more, you increase your chance of making further grammatical mistakes. If you write less, one mark will be deducted for every five words short of 90% of the number of words required. Don't be so foolish as to give a false num ber of words' total at the end of the com- position. This usually alerts the marker, if anything, to the fact that the essay
"feels short.
Neatness
If you have made a mistake and want to correct it, cross it out nearly and write the correct form on top of it. Don't in- clude arrows, especially those pointing to nowhere (1), footnotes, etc. that are un- necessary or confusing. Some students may prefer to write in every other line, and although it is not at all mandatory, it, is a good method for those who usually do their work in a slapdash manner.
What is meant by Language Skill?
** In examinations, language skill is often measured in terms of your ability to ex press your ideas adequately and fluently, choose a style which is suitable to the topic, use a natural variation of sentence patterns, and command a good choice of words. These may sound abstract, but with practice, you'll be able to at least express yourself clearly, and this
will be good enough in most cases. There are several things you should avoid: slangs, colloquialisms, abbreviations, irrational remarks, childish work and dull repetitions.
Beginning your essay;
You may think it ironical to discuss how to begin an essay here in the end. But I just want to emphasize that the first impression given is very important. A good start wouki attract your readers to go on. It is a plain fact that a dull opening sen- tence and paragraph would make the essay appear commonplace and lower the readers' interest; remember that an or- dinary beginning will come up in most of the scripts assigned to one marker. Again, my advice is: Think of an original begin-: ning. The following ways of opening an essay may be helpful. But don't treat them. as "model" ways to begin and force. them blindly into each of your essays.- it pays to think situationally,
(a) By explaining the topic.
(b) By limiting your discussion to one
aspect of the topic. “
(e) By showing what your plan of attack and is going to be.
.... (d) By giving an example of the topic.
fe) By using a quotation, be it humorous"
or startling
(f). By using a proverb.
(g) By using an anecdote (short story). (h) By raising a (rhetorical) question,
These methods can be used for nearly every type of essays provided they are, used appropriately