患消邨新育教 頁一第張九第 日二十月十年申庚歷 T WAH KIU YAT PO
1981
中學會考試題預習專欄
經濟及公共事務(A)
王啓光提供資料 陳勵德
明德出版社
Economic and Public Affairs(8):
K.K.Wong & L. T. Chan
CMILL & DALE PRESS LTD.
Money and Banking
Central banks and commercial
banks - their functions and
facilities
I. The functions of a central
bank.
Acentral bank is a bank: of government. It is set up by the government and is: not profit-making. The implementation of policies in a central bank is directly controlled by government." Usually, a central bank is the nationalized institution which work with the government to carry out the monetary policy and to promote the economic development of the country Its functions can be summarized as follows:
to. issue legal tender
Currencies, including banknotes and coins, are issued by the central bank under the supervision of government, Since the amount of circulating currencies can influence the purchasing power of the ceconomy, government is
responsible for adjusting the amount of legal tender issued by the central bank.
In a complex monetary veconomy, money serves as a
dynamic role in addition to being a medium of exchange. Government may regulate the level of money and liquidity in the economy so as to achieve some desired
policy objectives "such as the control of inflation, the growth in the Gross National Product and the: improvement of balance of payments.-
2. to be the bank of
government
Government revenue are
usually stored in the central
bank and the public
生協失,拖麗ㄆ
的此
市區屋标通
.數要延期入伙,其中说
「麗苑及山翠苑乘主更要
-拖延途平平才有著住
愛羣閣
雖
有
入
伙紙
- 使他們受到多方面抠
expenditure and payments care done through them a
central bank usually keeps the accounts of the
government departments.
3. to be the advisor. of.
government on financial and monetary policies
The central bank acts as
the advisor of government in all the matters about. monetary and banking
policies. The central bank may has a effective
management team giving relevant information and suggestions to government so as to solve any economic problems and to help the economic development. 4: to keep the cash reserves
of private banks
It is a law that all the private banking Institutions must deposit a part of their cash reserves in the central bank, Accordingly, the central bank centralizes the cash reserves to protect the security and control the liquidity of the whole banking system.
Whenever there is necessary for the private. "banks to borrow. some
money,
the central bank will back them up by lending them cash funds. If there is any financial crisis occurred în a private bank, the central cbank is responsible for supporting it as far as possible in order that national economic stability can be maintained.
5. to be a bank of central
ccarance, settlement and transfer
The central bank is the bankers' bank. It provides the facilities of clearance of cheques and the transfer of funds between banks. It is the place for the banks to clear their cheques received from their
· customers and drawn upon other banks. In such a case, mutual indebtedness: between the member banks may be can celled and the amount owned to any banks would be calculated.
6. to supervise the operations
of private banks:
A central bank takes the responsibility to help the
government to carry
位新社
屯區及
相低亦会大大故少。同
out the
̇報日僑華
banking laws and to watch "and direct the work done by
private banks.
7. to carry out monetary policy
The central bank
controls.the note issue, accepts deposits from and
makes loans to the commercial banks and money market in sucha way that it handles the main tool of monetary policy in country. For instances; inflation. can be tackled by the monetary authority: through control of the quantity | of money which is. circulating, In addition, government can change the reserve ratio of the private banks or change the discount rate and the rate of interest by adjusting the banking ordinances so as to achieve the goals of
monetary policy..
8. to keep gold reserves and
foreign exchange reserves of the country
In order to maintain the stability of the external value of the natioal currency system, the central bank keeps the gold reserves and foreign exchange reserves to undertake the open market operation by law of exchange control.
9. to offer facilities:
to customers as a commercial bank does
The central bank so provides the general banking services to the customers such as acceptance of deposits, loans and advances, remittance and other services.
II. The functions and facilities provided in commercial banks:
【展合作便是一個很好
齊千萬元的新警署,镇
●市中心正屹立誓一座第
目前屯門新市的
·屯門仁愛批览及禽··上述颂育中心的建一所
港督下週主持奠基
·點。編印而成的小册
吸引更多外來遊客,使
·科將於明年可投入服務 內體育中心 下,合甌西的需求,樂。藉以帶了更多旅遊,並將屯門匹內之名勝
八十二月五日,由港
。精時此區的罪案數字來理科博士鄭發主持黨,被效支助。
若典 旅行 於體支及
下陋,本相助英
·九心
月的
開工
塲年停,有已接朱屯
重起一附後門
腻
天外完。梅四。的工有合
成幟,百該
一時長動運,寶
九
奶糖
人駅,港府早於一九七七,鋆十餘萬呎,內部設備 画诰爵士主持後,上午莲前完成。 工程,同時合約中證明,但因目前建楘芬料蛋傻 完成落敗,藉神啟用後廂民村站觚場地,從導一段,相艏未來與德納橋· 心意商以一千良投得此項 初要用棣叶二千萬元,在中心預計一八公路及出路,已於就日至當地唯一留下的作战略定及營地。 於本年初落成。但是由視,建築女將違三千四百,對屯門新市居民康體有各方心之级育康樂活 爱必需列入屯門區著名話,郊椰守則等,小册 十七斤,佔地四萬平方路新城個湯,面積佔地甚儀典下星期五由飛督 冰涼染。雅期一九八一一塘之間,將會有不同類「露營人士,此小册子亦 廁先後落成,赵供雲內色彩同脚没有戳店的意
開拓這個湖與風而片,艾爲方便遠基及 盏假介紹,並附有彩色
於工程受到天雨和材料 夢萬元。···
活動將可提供完善的塲動。(花):
子話棧
宇亦有孔散。〔蔷)
·政府居者有其蚤計颞首期六個屋邨,有半 地點孤想,所以踢購的市民十分多,結果要拍
則要桀帆六百五十元, 待,計樓價每方呎四百八十元,而一般人購買:送交港府,但差是未獲批出。 。磁協轄下屋邨住客,可獲低於市價的優點在客。至於落分公共契約,早於今年四月已,
,由於該區樓宇位於旺中帶靜的灣仔愛莚染,但無可奈何。
·區改善計劃影莉的住戶,其他單位則公開發售,要等待政府批准公共契約,才能將點交,
:屋協會的聲羣脚
居民遲遲未能入住
1.一些稍業主對於拖延入伙一事大感不滿,
另外有節暨主,在核度落成後,暗中對一
· 下新房,發覺缺酷越多
「實用面積磁耦至不足
雒面積的七成。另一方
·薇固,但拉華太厚,使
座倒石,並非用
。如此一來,結構周然
細,因爲該座柏宇是
一方面是商用面耕太
·面是窗戶太少,很多房間是沒有窗,空氣味
廿六度的大厦,底下巴肝湯政府,包括有郵政 i-保由密協及市政事務署合作興建,該座樓高 簽的方式决定暨主。 練學校等。由五樓以上,全部是住宅,共有一,政彩機關,住宅則未能交去。居民向工務局逄 多主榮買影,但已澱,如今只有明 局辦公黨,郵差宿苦,市政事務學辦公室及 在今年入伙了,不過,入伙的只是五楼以下的 日,受落閣的散計,的確是落後不符標準。餐 誨,就向受教閣已於本年三月廿四日獲發入伙企盼早日入伙,別無他汰。
·愛季開經過了年多兩年的建築工程,將於 件甚差,在棣宇煮取戶戶犁染,糸屋有窗的命
·百四十七個單位,屋協中作出售用途。
紙鮈
據三古伙
在百多個單位中,有廿七個單位留給受市紙,何以至今未能入伙?球房屋協會方面表示
柜
A commercial bank is a profit-making firm operated by private individuals. It is established for the purpose of seeking profits by way of offering various banking services. Banking laws and ordinances are set up to. regulate the working targets of all commercial banks.
The commercial banks operate branches and directly deal with individual customers. They are operated under the
supervision of government of
·香港罪案數字示一張價影响,工程迄今尙|||折
蝴蟥關至河谷西面的
完成,歡迎居民向大興 介紹」小册子經已提印
一九八五年 - 一所,
屯門警署延期落成 港府向承建商索償 一波三折新警署明年初才能啓用
1早,工大
新的爵士出工程出慈力。
促辦矯度名日工
三星路警關公目。工布務
張靈 訂便人强局
| 人手 - 演出六十名工人|標準的大游泳池將會在
| 能衛隆坡工,因爲目前,交界處建設。工程包括
出一個園池
南台樂團的良名動
性屬下杏年澳楣印而成
去年十二月開始會科鈰 年完成計劃之撥啟,由 ,該團獲社會親和采實
是由社會福利署大興會
該份色的小册襻
發生的間與梵關注和無法升降,更使工程↑ 建商追尅賠償,雙方仍 各新市鎮發防止罪案 頂部落,令升降擔一年,因此港府巴商承 秋,有多力永善。 日閔地在一 未完成 加上工由於以上種氇原因。俭若新祥阁啟用後 轉角落都會發生罪案,如現大厦內的兩條升降機,而今警署洛用日期拖隊,相信對屯門區推行歡運動場將會正式客用 早日落成的需求尤爲急 一個嬉水池。
- 搜集群料及片以及
。
我很遠足路機及其公地
·迫切。撲滅罪行是有料
多方的支持與合作,而
屯門室內體育中心
的例子。
值
九性和區於懂了
【興正興市愛
日九廿月一十年〇八九一屦公年九十六國民善中
六期星
central bank and play an
active economic role. Their functions can be summarized as follows:
1. to keep money for customers Commercial banks. proyide the services that saving deposits, fixed. deposits and demand deposits are accepted. Different rates of interest are applied to various deposits together with the different ways of withdrawing money..
2. to lend money to customers:
Loans and advances are granted to commerce and industry in order to earn the reward of interest on
one hand, and promote the industrial and commercial development on the other. The loans and advances include short-terms and. long-terms loans, advances, overdrafts and discount bill of exchange, Government play the supervisory role to cover all deposit taking institutions.
3. to create bank credit
Either a central bank ora commercial bank can bring: about an increase of equal amount în bank deposits. In other words, when a bank makes an advance to customer, whether by. overdraft or loan account the result is an increase in total purchasing power..
:: For example, if a borrower has only a small balance to the credit of his account and he obtains an overdraft of $500. He can draw a cheque for this account and pay it to the creditor. If the creditor deposit it into his own account, the creditor's account will have increased by $500. In this case, the borrower's account can only show a debit for this. "account. In the combined
banks' balance sheet, advances and deposits will both have increased by $500. If there is any monetary discrepancy happened; the central bank should have the power to control the expansion of bank credit. 4. to offer the service of
remittance
Remittance means that
the money is transferred. from one place to another. Imagine that you want to sent HK$100 to your friend living in United States, you can ask for the help of the Remittance Department in any commercial bank:
First of all, the Outward Remittance: Department would calculate how many US dollars your 100 HK dollars will buy con
he foreign exchange market by referring to the day's. exchange. rate. If the rate is HK$5 for US$1, your HK$ 100 will buy US$20. Therefore the bank will give you a bank bankdraft for US$20. Next, you can use a mail transfer. That is to say, the bank sends an airmail instruction to its branch in United States to authorize the. branch to pay your friend the sum of the money. If it is very urgent for you to send the amount of money, you
can make use of the telegraph transfer although it would be more expensive. 5. to offer import and export
facilities.
Commercial banks offer a special service called documentary credit to help the promotion of business. It is the gurantee given by a bank that its customer will pay for a shipment: of goods if the correct documents are supplied as evidence that the shipment has been made.
-Furthermore, the credit line is the service provided to allow a company to receive goods before paying for them.
6. to provide other.
miscellaneous services to the customers such as S
a) keeping valuables for.
customers;.
viding business information and guidance, offering monthly: instalment payment loans;
d) helping clients in
taxation problems;
e) acting as the underwriters
for new stocks;
f) acting as the executors
of will on behalf of their clients;
g) issuing of credit cards; (h) providing auto-pay
facilities; ̈`
i) selling gift cheques.
實昻較比但不價物市街邨聖三
限有應供菜蔬肉鮮
求外向要餸買民邨
天連苦叫而淡清意生因則販攤
巴掌一求得係因爲榮痰或債其有榮肉粗本翻,矣
往乘化郕所想此乏要:
屯搭五民以外不蔬
,比榮而亦额算民
門新市疑......大奥邶方面去購買:
·不但位於市區較強的新建蛋邮會發生以上情 血民及三期噬邵民亦大多数往屯門新墟購買 中,未能及時供襲多遷抓粉悴马議帶,所以碧邨 ,另一方面,可能造附近的友愛商塲仍在招聚之 魚類供應不成問題,爲茜者是織受新鮮的蔬菜 由於三杢邨對開漁港擁有一所漁市場所以
亦存在不短時間了。(余) 潘亦壁a往九龍街市被旺角街豚緻,此種况
及
銳意發展新市鎮
屯門新建設
將
相繼完成
|隰開關†郊遊徑
括一斯運動塲,游泳池 ,這是會聯同其他小徑。
。海浴場所與及沿山通
間內即將動工,工程包
|汪劭塲和游泳池,旅遊 .:以上工程將在短時
屯門新市鎮的活動 一般施將於未來焼竿來相|植物園將會計 繼完成,爲市鎮居民炎,與雄,其位置將會是實
|供多項活勵塲北 例如山的矮樹林糲波處
一性的道路網。
| 小徑,途經屯門河谷兩
其中風景區所聯的
公路分成一張紘
處去好門屯
錄盡子册小
取索堂會典大向可
「屯門好去處......
一旁及伸鏤空海裤之邪。一就足。旅行路緒及地
剪採驗。
三:
·用品和糧食需求方面,往往出現缺 新市鎂中的新建会,在日常
·堅套上有多少困難,另一方面因爲少年及兒童,皆能分 闰二千多人,邨內擁有日己的街市一了十項爲期一個月的
乏現象,做成購買上出現根植得以本年十二月十二日,無 黑小組委會,擬定
,并且經營者亦有感困藉,其中屯一直慶祝十週年紀念, 阿吉亞邪便是一個很好的例于。黨對察日前售召開修低
·朋大會,將於
鮑!
一九七〇年,由當地鄉一招待百五人,(六) 誕套老套,招語七十淺 8集資興建,使當地各 在十項節目中, 猶野人士有一社區蚤榮以上人百名,
大會 創立於家庭總烧商榮日, 招待青少年五百人
七
因,但由於街市變位供過於求,形成脫節目,使該區老年,僅在萬及及。二 三十日, 本噬心民人數亦不案多,所以一拳,而開幕之日,將後段,一下少年二百人。 額並不算聽洞。在邨民方面 - 由於一維新界政務可通透傑王,招佈四千人。人生 五行酸工聯教會,八十 兰蛮癌葯食櫙舖位供過於求故此關作休息之一直戳图大展克由十七
:一開,徐一符五千人,由廿八日至
風氣同樂日,招待十四
)益智兒童玩具介紹,
元朗大會堂董事成立小組委會
屯門元朗新邨版
下月慶十週年紀念 安排連串精彩節目