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日八十月十年申庚厩夏
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報日橋
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喜酒滋
LIEGVER
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MAKE IT WI
二期星
辦民
灣仔民政區各社團
籌辦庚申敬老運動
夏組織及仿衆,曬年舉辦敬老述均衡各界人士。 IEEE TEENCE-K
TERVETURE SHE H
中成立,由灣仔民政主任高俊博太平紳士任大會
作委及會業於一九八〇年十月廿八日之轉龍雙
四事先推,
一活
均生何灣
敬華名爲做仔:
老家森禭民滲於廠
活蒜自務先政 仔一
铷。(三月二十日,假紅到苔調車設茶會有
.五日‧核訪心光,東林及演講安老院,並派發體
「雅」免費招待老人,並將發體物。一二 | 月十
名。十一月十一日,征京首抵德放映「帝女
老風體
物
紀念府與劉淑儀主任。(醫際社) 夏主任副淑儀榮陞,孔郭清新,大会主席致 閲爲旺角區一百三十八個財所在旺角风改 (H) SVREAK - KAUCEMINE 發在對之三位資者,將由大曾致遠足金金牌一面。
日五廿月一十年〇八九一曆公年九十六國民華中青數港聞
廁也心,本H扯日上上,小的海內外,寶靜示 大雄寶縠老人尙慧活、成佛門聖地,門下
新界司逸傑主持揭幕禮 大雄寶殿三十日開幕 |新界粉嶺觀宗寺
【本港新聞
朱品
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「術家出州光法師,及佛教鸾導護理院(一 AK• SIRKK)
PERUCH] Sul Be RACE 1.長洗染法師,大戰再起,誦不堪,需再四
會場再是向聖老法,「閒祟錄師寫念,作前
做崇寺大雄賚股安倬外貌e
1981
中學會考試題預習專欄
附加數(七) 明德出版社岑彦俊提供資料
Add. Matlis. (7)
C. Y. Shum
MILI, &- DALE PRESS ETÐ.
Exercise 4 Co-ordinate
Ge one tryi
Worked examples:
1. If a(2,3), B(7,5) and
C(6,-2), and AB, AC are divided internally at E and F such that AF • CB=AR •_FC= =52, find the
co-ordinates of E and F. Prove that Ef is parallel tu BC.
Solutions
Let E be
and F be"
AE
AT
EN
EC
2.7(2)
3+5(3)
Similarly.
E(5,3) and F(3,
Slope
Slope
BC
Since the slo es are equal,
EF BC
Airs
y=(0)x-2 and
Exercise
으나.
and 12x
1. Find the co-ordinates of the points which divide, internally and externally, the line. joining the point A(a+b,a-b) to the point B(a−b,a+b) in the ratio ab,
2. The sides AB, BC, CA of
AABC. ie along the 2x+3y=0, y-2x=' and 4x+5y-7-0 respectively. Find the coordinates of the ortocentre.
3. Given P(4,1), and fine
4y-3x-2=0, P is joined to any point on the line l and PO is produced beyond
to R so that PO PR=1:3. Find the equation of tlie
Bus of Ras 0 moves.
A circle passes through the points (5,-3) and (0,6) and has its centre on the line 2x-3y-6=0. Find its equation, Find the equations of the tangents with gradient 2
to the circle x +y
Find also the co-ordinates
of the points of contact.
1981
中學會考試題預習專欄
經濟
王啓光
(+)
明德出版社藻屬德提供資料
Economic (7).
K. K. Wong & L.T. Chan Mill & Dale Press Ltd.)
BUSINESS UNITS AND OWNERSHIP
Definition of a firm
A firm is a business unit formed for the purpose of carrying on some kind of
2 Find the condition that the economic activity. It is the basic
line y=mx+c may be a tangent to the circle
મ
Find the equation of the tangents from (3,-2) to the circlể x2+ 35*
Solution:
2 2 2
yxc
2
+(mx+C) (1+m2)x2.
2
-(2),
-2emx+e since (2) touches (1), we have:
2
(2 cm)2-4 ( 1 + m2 )( e
2 4
2-2
2. 2
-(3) which is the condition that (2) is a tangent to the circle (1).
Now, the tangent from
..... (3,-2) is......
\\\\\=2=m ( 3 ) + c
1.e. c-(-2-5m)2
Using (3) for circle
2.
we have
= (147) —
Equating (5) und (5)
we have
( -2 -5m )2 = ( 1 + m2
2
5m+12m={}
maÛ or
and c=-2 or
- 1!
20
the equations of the tangents are
(5)
unit of production. Most business firms are privately owned and motivated by profits. It should be noted that ownership is a determining factor in a firm's behavior.
Public and Private Enterprises
The basic unit of planning and control over production is the enterprise. The terms firm, and enterprise actually belong to one group. All modern economic societies have such control units, but there are wide differences in the ways they are organized.
Public enterprise is owned and managed by the state. In Hong Kong, the owner of such enterprise is the government. The Post Office, the Water Works, the airport, and the British section of the Kowloon and Carton Railway are public enterprises.
Frivate enterprise is owned and managed by the private individuals. In our community, which follows the laissezfaire (free enterprise) principle, most of the commercial and industrial concerns are privately owned.
The Sole Proprietorship
This is the oldest and simplest type of firm that has the characteristic of "one-man' business. All the firm's.
decisions
are centered in him, all profits from the firm is his. and he is personally liable for all the firm's debts. There is no legal distinction between the personality, and possessions of the owner and those of the firm. In fact the owner is the firm and is personally responsible for everything the firm does.
The Partnership
A partnership is composed of several (more than one ) owners who pool their resources together to form the firm. The partners agree among themselves about how much capital each is to contribute, what role each will play in the management, and how much each will share in the profits. A partnership has more capital and resources and thus has greater possibility of staying in the business, Since different partners may have different skills or experiences, each can contribute to the Tirm in various ways, Also there is flexibility and adaptability for the firm when partners are directly involved in supervision and thus the
motivation to work is therefore strong.
The Limited Company (Toint. stock Company).
This is a legal form of enterprise (organization)
designed to take advantage of large-scale production methods by pooling the wealth of many people into a single enterprise while at the same time
maintaining centralized control
over, and responsibility for, operations.
The major characteristic of a limited company is that the liabilities of shareholders are limited. This simply means that the liability of the shareholder is limited to the fully paid up vable of the shares he holds, so that should the company find itself in difficulties and unable to meet the demands of its creditors the shareholder can lose no more than the amount he has invested, the rest of his property being free from any claims by the company's creditors.
In Hong Kong, limited company is set up under the Companies Ordinance. Each limited company is a legal entity, i.e., it is treated as a legal person and has the right to sue and to be sued, cân own property in its name and makes contracts. The capital of the entity is divided into shares and the shareholders normally do not manage the firm. Instead, a Board of Directors is elected and it holds responsibility to the shareholders, je,, to report the the state of business, and publish the annual reports to the public.
There are two types of limited companies, the public. limited company and the private limited company. The two are quite different as far as legal commitment, organization, and capital raising are concerned.A detailed comparison of them is found in the question and answer section in the later part of this lesson.
The Co-operative Society
This is another form of
business organization but is quite distinct in its structure and objectives. The major aim of such a society is to provide benefits which are common to all its members.
and
the
the stock exchange company.can be controlled by purchasing shares. Therefore, the shares can be manipulated for speculation.
It should be noted that the financial statement of a private limited company is not open to the public and there is a close relationship between shareholders and management for such a company. The opposites are true for the public limited: company, ie, the financial
The most common type of co-operative society is the Consumers' co-operative, The. owners are sometimes also the customers and the profits are distributed among the members, The students' co-operatives in many universities are examples of such. In Producers' cos. operatives, the workers themselves statement of the company is
own the business and elect some of their members to manage it, the profit then being divided among them. Co-operation among farmers is a good example of the producers' operatives,
Co-operative societies ir Hong Kong have to register with the Registrar of Co-operative Societies and is incorporated: under the Co-operative Societies Ordinance. Presently, there are over 400 registered co-operative societies and all are under the control of the Registrar (The Director of Agriculture and Fisheries) Examples of co- operative societies in Hong Kong! are the rural societies (e.g. the Vegetable Marketing Societies), the fishermen's societies (e.g. the Federation of Fishermen's. Credit Societies), and the urban societies (e.g. the Building Societies)..
Questions.
1. Distinguish between a public
limited company and a 'private limited company.
The public and private limited companies are different in many aspects. A private limited company is usually small in scale and its
number of shareholders.........
ranges from 2 to 50; à public limited company is usually large and there is no upper. limit in the number of ..." shareholders, but there must
The shares be at least of a private limited company. are not quoted in the stock market and thus it can only raise capital from its shareholders in private. On. the other hand, the shares of the public limited company can be quoted on the stock market and therefore it can raise a large
mount of capital from the public through the stock exchange by issuing shares or by issuing debentures (bonds). In this way, a large amount of capital can be accumulated from small savings of the public for the public limited company.
As far as the private. limited company is concerned, a shareholder cannot transfer his shares without the consent of the company nor can any invitation be made to the general public to subscribe for shares. Hence the company cannot be controlled through trading of shares, Also, the shares cannot be used for speculation. For the public limited companies, shares are freely traded in
open to the public. and the shareholders usually only invest without taking part in the management of the
company.
2 What are the advantages of
public enterprise? of private enterprise-?.
Advantages of public enterprise:
Public enterprises are motivated by the consideration of the well-being and interest of the people, not that of making profits. Therefore a state-owned organization can offer to the public cheap,” · uniform piece and regular. services, or products. Unlike private enterprise system, excessive competition can be avoided and the government can ensure that essential goods and socially necessary services are maintained. Public investment also can finance longterm and big projects such as the Plover Cove Scheme which is too costly to private investors, Generally speaking, a government-rün enterprise has better access to various kinds of information and statistical data and thus enables further development,
Advantages of private enterprise
The activities of private enterprises are generally regulated by the law of demand and supply. Competition among private enterprises not only lead to new product and technology development (innovation) and thus economic progess, but also allows a wider range of higher quality. goods and services offered to the consumers. In addition, competition ensures price to
be kept at a competitive levai
so that consumers can be benefitted more. The profit- making objective is a powerful incentive in making private enterpriser to work hard and display greater initiative in his work. This kind of drive usually leads to more efficient and effective management. Moreover, the free market ensures the optimal (best) allocation of resources including labour. and thus the possibility of wastage of resources will then be limited. Hence in such a system, the interests of the consumers are taken care of in that the production of various goods and services, is based on satisfying
consumers! needs..