報日僑
六期星
真四第張六第日二初月五年申庚歷夏
WAH KIU YAT PO
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港新間
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日四十月六年〇八九一曆公年九十六國民華中育教聞港
讀
者
本
壇
,过否有降公衆需生?盼有關當局賜教。 揆之用)?將芯十個店新的腳桶來占該處,其生銹,是否浪費?譞等髄涌毡紧汚水,繁就蚊來, 太人今有下列問題:田徑場側那堆海沙經已放置一年有多,究党是作何用途一或易礼任何餓了
一進來認爲德蘭聲氣,可能是來自空中的光合氣體,现在把我每性化体潘媒介中聽取到的
A,到現鹕去瓷行調查,然迄未發現眞正原因,此在令人失望。有人說是饶逛街,有人說再到此地。 ,也有人認爲是石油氣,煤氣和工廠發出的開氣等,種種推測,談論紛紜,莫設一起命 也使教育當局忙於奔命,追得下会有關學校椌課一星期。政府方面,對说事十分關心,召集有關心 編茲光生最近變天來,神秘的霉氣,一再实襃藍田、秀茂坪等地區的小學,攪得滿城風求,
神秘氣體影响學童是否人爲應查明
「反生理之正常,但缺链敗行之勾當,其難群峰,人在傷。 庄、對倒是非,而有以致之。更有狂抖之徒,幽衆取寵,驚世該俗,倡議同性戀合法化之混論, 硓近遷(樂熊,學榻道喪,世变道微,人心省淌- 資由於大道不明 - 良鄉民,否澈、軒、
i作民激之呼聲,翻游有司取消一條了改變」風情,實爲德丽,香港幸甚,華僑領時。 轉移。事閣風化,敬希道會野過,正義人士,同黝響版,服力支持,致函有關當局,守與腳之以 孟遠域,永進不驚,先蒼云,我體不能移風易俗,亦不當篇風俗所轉移。余史謂不能铦敗壞之風俗 凡我实邦人士,神明華胃,跑來正義之呼聲,作彆决之反對,庶幾海風邪氣,一掃而空,张
期期以爲不可。: 「北,崇彔道「盡信理,此爲我國民族之然爆,綱常名貌,萬古不。 類思想的文明,故我國號稱爲文明古國,外人亦支那爲也致之邦,其國民之特性,還語義,知識 一派,繞道就之繕,法先聖之大經,承先啓後,繼往開來,樹立數千年亂烁光極的文化,從而啓發人 辯巫國於天地,必有與立,我中華民族,自然、舜、禹、湯、文、武、麗江、孔、舌、一脈相
·樵西先生,近跖報慣。有關同性惡之法律,將交法律改革委員會研究,有訂改變之熬闻,杀 鄧浩然
爲維持風化堅決反對同性戀合法化
[教去。際茲雨季,風涌積聚了不少污水,此等污水雲燿太朵蚊虫,令蘅前與導一蓉的居民大受 將該進沙君西遊·部份的威桶起榔是将孟船煮的,但後來可;是由於大區或其他的綠效,俑蓋均被 公園田徑運動場的一街〔乖培道女子中學鄀一邊)发造泣一大堆海少,其後有數十個新的圓 提悷先生:本人就九商仔公園內空置厢梯荒来污水滋生败总事有所投訴。自前年開始,九匯何 1. Hank
九龍仔公園放置海沙圓桶蚊蟲孳生
「投料,納起來的就貝略述如下:一
熅「神秘悔氣」並非那乐光合溵所形成的當氣,是無可置疑的了。 0外,也有一些致访和二人。继(她)們吸進站就後,也唯一般兒童有同樣的感受和反辉,由此可
三、幼小的學生固然抵抗力弱,易受感染,但能這幾次遵受神秘毒氣使喝的學森,除了學生學
「不遠在何處發生,都在上午的時間,如果魚香氣是來自天空,然何以會這樣,「合呢?
*」、很奇怪迫「神秘毒氣」也能忽卓忽西,傳移緗地,偵,一樣是向幼小的學童车中,且每次 其是幼小射機)而當近住戶大陳知後來波及,這一點是說明了這「神秘微氣」不是來自太空了。 ,範圍當然很廣泛的,然何以所涉及的地方反而如此的狭小庭?而且每次都是扮向學校次透,一犬。 一、假定蒾種「神秘毒案」,是一感光合氣體所形成的電氣,還岔氣微易從空中陝向地面上來,
多炘界居民痛苦不陶
致命,誰是一件可怕的事啊!. ,五、段定是一些壞人,真的在武险基袛帕谈毒氣,若一旦極其熱盼成功,再加倍擊力就會使人,
地鐵車站提供公衆電話服務正安排中
,因此我很希望有腳當局,對溫件事務ï造瓷到水落石出,始能施保就會安寧,
童插端仇視,故利用學童最集中的地方(煤案),作爲試皰的場塊,從這些形跡看來,大糕的內燊和
,並未造成截面的傷应。不然的話,也可能是一些心理變態,沙弒神上有問維山人,同時對幼小的 四、神秘霍爾這事,我坐場邊一除惡作劇,乃池一些無頓之縱麼學校開玩笑的,因每次放爾英
香港電話公司董事兼總經理 霍加
而巴士服務並無改善,政府政策怎能名人倒服? 九己的新界巴士已不能適際和怕會發展新界所需。有關各方直進行調查及設法改善 請政府有關部門捻新界人士的交通問題設握一下,政府一方面發乎上本、粉剂、大埔等區域 這些多乘客。一個巴士站就有七楼巴士使用,怪不得僕渐的人常有五六十人之多。 in t 設立禁區,小巴便不進入谢源站接客了,整條新界錢只得九巴七三扬威和七○號店,根本無法容的 士站落斯,再等七二、七色戒上水小巴返上水,算要化上三小時。因爲道蛇著不在小自己商道,總處 自六月三日封閉沙田一段南路,使书新天橋之後,我從開始總站乘八九漩軍到燃原天盤機電 ,我慑彩风衣有關部門粱容九巴,不曾民生,加值使無学黠改䒷, j 仍栴饽。 牧強烈譴實運榮著官員,姫在冷氣室內「死計,連鶿,改變道路前未梁入了解本港居民的困叅, 編櫙先生:我是上水居民,每日早上瓦特半程巴士到彈為工作。最近沙田交通大發,台我而許。 上水市民敬上。六月十日。
上水市民
在發展新界聲中應從解决交通難題
·敬啟者:世報一九八○年大月三日刊登公民協會助理模毌長陵供惓先生所發表的施見。陳芍 PANELELUSHS
香港樾話有限公司董事兼總經理 張加. 一九八〇年六月十一日
1980
中學會考試題預習專欄
歷史科建議參考資料
明德出版社提供
The Late Ching Reform
programme (1901-1911)
helped to bring about the
success of the 191
Revolution, Explain how the reform paved the way for the revolution.
Reform aims at saving a government. Revolution ains
So it
at overthrowing it.
seems very uncommon for reform to lead to revolution. Perhaps either reform succeeds and therefore revolution is avoided. Or else reform fails and therefore revolution
succeeds.
Seldom that reform way for revolution,
produces results
that help in
What was the Late Ch'ing Reform (1901-1911) all about? There were the following
aspects
1. Sending students to foreign
countries to learn
Western
things, especially to Japan because Japan was an Asian country but yet was successfully modernized. Creating new armies which were well-trained and had modern arms.
"EXPRO Tg with...
parliamentary rule and
local self-government, as it was believed that the Western powers were strong because they practised" democracy.
Nationalizing railways of the country. The railways were owned by private interests, but the central government wanted to centralize them under state ownerships
You may object..
You may think there are other minor aspects of the Late Ch'ing Reform not yet mentioned This is true. But take a look at the question. It asks you to describe the ways how the reform led to the 1911- Revolution. So only those reform measures that really
Ted to the 1911 Revolution are as what we have relevant, such pointed out. Even if you list and say in detail all the other minor reforms, you will not score more marks.
Ways how the Late Ching Reform led to the 1911 Revolution
(This part is difficult to answer, because you should argue what the links between the two topics were. If you "know much about the two topics but not their connections, you mustn't answer this question). 1. Students becoming
revolutionaries Because
students
of contact with western ideas, many became dissatisfied
the corrupt hanchu rule
any student Jecame
revolucionaries working to overthrow the Ching Dynasty. The intention of the Ching government in sending students abroad
was to train loyal people to reform the country. However, this only quickened the downfall of the dynasty.
obey
trained
2- Armies becoming disloyal
The new armies were
personal rulers rather than the Ching government. As the Ching government had not enough money, many co
ny of the new
armies were d financed by local people. This further made the armies independent of central control. – New ideas of revolution spread In the armies, because many goldiers and officers were young people.
Experiments-with
constitutional rule giving
ONE MOVE to local men
of influence (ie. the scholar-gentry class social leaders) to establish independent power against the central government. In 1910, the first National Assembly. (ie meeting of
politicians) was opened in Peking. But the Ching. government did not give away much power.. Thus the: gentry leaders became
angry. They returned to their provinces and were prepared to abandon the dynasty
When revolution broke out on 11 October 1911, the following happened:
A. The gentry leaders adopted await-and-see attitude and did not help the dynasty, because they were angry with the dynasty's. half-hearted attempt at constitutional rule and nationalization of
railways.
B. The revolutionaries, many
of whom were overseas students, worked to spread revolutionary ideas.
C. The military leaders of the new armies believed that the Ching dynasty was hopeless. They allied with the gentry leaders and merchants to declare their provinces independent of the
In the Peking government. one and a half months" tine, 15 provinces of all China, were independent, The Revolution was therefore
a success.
the ccr, from 1998 15 1935. Tu 1956, the two parties allied with each other fa second
Yuk
The facts are easy to assemble. The question after all, a general, one must, however, renumber to give reasons for the changes in relationship, eig. why they, couperated and why cuoperation eventually brake down and why cooperation was agaiur possible
1. 1923-27 First KMT-CCP-
Coalition. Coalition just another word for cooperation, so never mind.
A Reasons;
or 2/3
A.
Describe the changes in KMT-CCP relations in the
Give period 1921-1937. reasons for the changes.
They
The KMT and CCP cooperated in 1923-1927. fought against each other, mainly the KMT chasing after t
(1) Encouragement by Soviet Russia - Soviet Russia thought that the CCP (Chinese Communist .... Party) was newly formed and weak and must cooperate with the hMT to struggle for power. Soviet Russia herself had the experience of copperating with the middle class to wait
hance to seize pover before the October Revolution.. (2) Need to deal with the
common enemy of warlordigm and Imperialism - Both the KMT and CCP were patriotic, -Warlordien and imperialism were obstacles in the way China & unification. The two parties: therefore cooperated, siding aside their differences for the time being.
Sun Yat-sen1s socialistic ideas One of Sun's political doctrines was the livelihood of the people, which was similar to socialism. Besides, Sun hoped to absorb the CCP into the KIT by the coalition, just like the CCP which expected the opposite.
Course
(1) In 1922, Sun Yat-sen
decided on the policy of alliance with Soviet Russia; admission of the Communists" (Lien-0
vung-hung k ).
(2) In 1923, Sun and Joffe (of Soviet Russia) announced the Sun- Joffe Manifesto. The coalition started.
1927-28 Breakdown of the First KMT-CCP Coalition
Reasons
(1) The death of Sun Yat-
sen and the rise of rightist forces in the KMT Sun died in 1925. So far, he favoured: cooperation with the CCP. Within the KMT there appeared a struggle for power, and in the end Chiang Kai- shek rose in influence. He was rightist în
political
position. He
decided to break with
the CCP
The completion of China's unification
By 1928, all China was nominally unified under the KMT's rule. Chiang Kai-sht', therefore no longer felt the need of depending on the CCP for sufficient power against the warlords.
The KMT's change to dependance on the wealthy middle class and landlords As the KMT marched northward from Kwangtung, they met many wealthy Chinese and foreign businessmen, who supported the KMT so as to safeguard their interests. The KMT had to break with the CCP
(4) Growing radical
activities by the CCP
When the coalition first started, the CCP promised to practise no revolutionary
activities. In 1926-28, however, because of social confusion caused by the unification process, the CCP attempted many such. activities. The KMT- feared the consequences.
B. Course
(1) The First Purge of the
CCP in 1926- Many CCP members were arrested.
(2) The Second Purge of the CCP in 1927 Many CCP members were killed.
1928–1935 The KMT-CCP- Struggle
From
In this period, the two parties confronted and then fought with each other. 1928 to 1930, the KMT concentrated on internal development, as China was newly unified. The CCP stayed in countryside areas to- establish bases of power. Starting from 1930, the KMT: conducted a number of military. campaigns to try called
to destroy They were extermination campaigns. Reasons for the struggle were as follows:
the CCP,
A. Ideological difference
between the two parties The KMT was based on capitalism, but the CCP was based on communi sm They conflicted each other
B. The KMT's success in
unification The KMT succeeded in defeating many warlords from 1928 to 1930, Chiang Kai-shek therefore could concentrate
on dealing with the CCP.
C. Chiang Kai-shek's policy
destroying communism before defending China against Japanese aggression Japan started aggression on China since September 18,– 1951 But Chiang Kai- shik's policy was to strengthen internal control before handling problems.
external
From 1931 to 1935, the KMT conducted 5 extermination campaigns against the CCP. The last one forced the communists to give up their base in Central China. The KMT chased, and the CCP escaped. This was the Long. March (1934-35).
1935-36 Formation of the Second KMT-CCP Coalition
In 1935-36, the CCP was in Shensi of Northwest China The KMT intended the sixth“ extermination campaign. Bat Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped and the consequent Sian Incident brought about the- Second KMT-CCP Goalition.The reasons were as followsi
A
Strong Chinese nationalism and demand for intenial unity against Japanese aggression — Many Chinese nationalists objected to the KMT's policy. They argued that the KMT and CCF should set aside their quarrels and form a united front against the Japanese. Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped because of this,
The CCP's advocacy for cooperation The CCP wanted breathing- pace, it was threatened by the
··KMT --
a
The CCP advocateu
cooperation wi
with the KM12 against Japan,
6. Soviet Russia!s.
encouragement of KMT-COP coalition This policy. enabled Soviet Russia to defend herself against the
of Nazi Germany and threats Imperial Japan.
The Sian Incident This forced Chiang Kai-shek to agree to the second-time coalition.
1937-Qutbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the KMT-CCP cooperation
In July 7, 1937, there was the China Incident in North China. This led to the S outbreak of war between China and Japan. The KMT - and CCP agreed to cooperate to defend China, though' în practice there was little cooperation.